Nanotechnology Research Center (NANOTAM)
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Browsing Nanotechnology Research Center (NANOTAM) by Type "Book Chapter"
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Item Open Access Advances in nanoparticle‐based medical diagnostic and therapeutic techniques(John Wiley & Sons, 2016-03-11) Sardan, Melis; Özkan, Alper Devrim; Zengin, Aygül; Tekinay, Ayşe B.; Güler, Mustafa O.; Güler, Mustafa O.; Tekinay, Ayşe B.Advances in modern medicine have eliminated several major causes of human mortality and considerably extended life expectancies around the world; however, this increase in the global age average has also boosted the incidences of age‐associated disorders. These conditions, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular disease, severely decrease the quality of life for the affected but are highly polymorphic and often difficult to treat. This chapter describes the characteristics of nanoparticle (NP) contrast agents (CAs) proposed for use in medical imaging, and details the surface modification methods used to designate specific targets for their attachment. It then compares their effectiveness and toxicity compared to conventional methods of contrast enhancement, and discusses the contribution that nanoscience has had, and will have, on medical imaging and disease diagnosis at large.Item Open Access Applications of core-shell nanofibers: Drug and biomolecules release and gene therapy(Elsevier, 2018) Aytaç, Zeynep; Uyar, Tamer; Focarete, M. L.; Tampieri, A.Item Open Access Atomic and electronic structure of silicene on Ag: a theoretical perspective(Springer, 2018) Cahangirov, S.; Rubio, A.The isolation of graphene sheets from its parent crystal graphites has given the kick to experimental research on its prototypical 2D elemental cousin, silicene [1]. Unlike graphene, silicene lacks a layered parent material from which it could be derived by exfoliation. Hence, the efforts of making the silicene dream a reality were focused on epitaxial growth of silicene on substrates. The first synthesis of epitaxial silicene on silver (111) [27, 46] and zirconium diboride templates [16] and next on an iridium (111) surface [31], has boosted research on other elemental group IV graphene-like materials, namely, germanene and stanene [30, 48]. The boom is motivated by several new possibilities envisaged for future electronics, typically because of the anticipated very high mobilities for silicene and germanene [49], as well as potential optical applications [30]. It is also fuelled by their predicted robust 2D topological insulator characters [14, 28] and potential high temperature superconductor character [5, 50]. One of the most promising candidates as a substrate is Ag because from the studies of the reverse system, where Ag atoms were deposited on silicon substrate, it was known that Ag and silicon make sharp interfaces without making silicide compounds [24]. Indeed, studies on synthesiz and characterization of silicene is mainly focused on using Ag(111) as substrates and hence we think it is important to understand this particular system. In this Chapter, we present a theoretical perspective on the studies investigating the atomic and electronic structure of silicene on Ag substrates.Item Open Access Bioactive nanomaterials for neural engineering(Springer, Cham, 2016) Sever, Melike; Uyan, İdil; Tekinay, Ayse B.; Güler, Mustafa O.; Zhang, L. G.; Kaplan, D. L.Nervous system is a highly complex interconnected network and higher organisms including humans have limited neural regeneration capacity. Neurodegenerative diseases result in significant cognitive, sensory, or motor impairments. Following an injury in the neural network, there is a balance between promotion and inhibition of regeneration and this balance is shifted to different directions in central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). More regeneration capacity is observed in the PNS compared to the CNS. Although, several mechanisms play roles in the inhibitory and growth-promoting natures of the CNS and PNS, extracellular matrix (ECM) elements are key players in this process. ECM is a three-dimensional environment where the cells migrate, proliferate, and differentiate (Rutka et al. 1988; Pan et al. 1997). After a comprehensive investigation of the interactions between the ECM proteins and cell receptors, the ECM environment was found to regulate significant cellular processes such as survival, proliferation, differentiation, and migration (Yurchenco and Cheng 1994; Aszodi et al. 2006). Its components have major roles not only in neurogenesis during development of the nervous system but also in normal neural functioning during adulthood (Hubert et al. 2009).Item Open Access Biosensors for early disease diagnosis(John Wiley & Sons, 2016-03-11) Topal, Ahmet E.; Özkan, Alper Devrim; Dana, Aykutlu; Tekinay, Ayse B.; Güler, Mustafa O.; Güler, Mustafa O.; Tekinay, Ayşe B.This chapter focuses on biosensor types, their detection limits, analysis times, and the diseases they are suitable for detecting. In addition, as nanomaterials are an effective means of producing small‐scale diagnostic devices, nanostructures have been commonly employed in biosensor design. Consequently, a section is devoted to the types of nanomaterials currently under use in biosensor design. Biosensors can be classified according to their recognition element (e.g., enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids), output type (e.g., optical, electrical, mechanical), detection principle (e.g., surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) based), or intended use (in vivo or ex vivo). These factors all play vital roles in determining the sensitivity and selectivity of a biosensor and are considered separately.Item Open Access Developing a transducer based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of gold nanostructures for nanobiosensor applications(Trans Tech Publications, 2013) Turhan, Adil Burak; Ataman, D.; Çakmakyapan, S.; Mutlu, M.; Özbay, Ekmel; Vlachos, D. S.; Hristoforou, E.In this work, we report the nanofabrication, optical characterization, and electromagnetic modeling of various nanostructure arrays for localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) based biosensing studies. Comparison of the experimental results and simulation outputs of various nanostructure arrays was made and a good correspondence was achieved.Item Open Access Electrospun filters for organic pollutants removal(Springer, Cham, 2018) Senthamizhan, Anitha; Balusamy, B.; Uyar, Tamer; Focarete, M. L.; Gualandi, C.; Ramakrishna, S.Increasing demand for access to clean and safe water around the globe emphasizes the development of new technologies for removing environmental pollutants. Especially, organic pollutants including dyes, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, herbicides, and antibiotics prominently affect environmental health due to their hazardous nature. In the past several decades, advancements in electrospun fibrous membranes have resulted as an efficient filtering platform for removal of various pollutants in water, air, and soil. Electrospun nanofibers are efficient filters complementing their unique feature of accommodating a variety of functional molecules. The choice of material and the effect of experimental condition including pH, contact time, and adsorbent dosage on pollutant removal efficiency have been extensively reviewed previously. Our chapter focuses on recent progress in the developments of the electrospun functional nanofibrous composite membrane for various organic pollutants removal.Item Open Access Enhanced transmission through sub-wavelength apertures by using metamaterials(World Scientific Publishing Co., 2011) Bilotti, F.; Scorrano, L.; Alici, K. B.; Aydin, K.; Cakmak, O.A.; Özbay, Ekmel; Vegni, L.In this chapter, the role of complex artificial structures in enhancing the power transmission through sub-wavelength apertures is discussed. Such devices are aimed at exciting highly localized resonances in order to increase the aperture equivalent magnetic and electric dipole moments. Some examples, based on epsilon-near-zero metamaterials (ENZ), frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) and split-ring resonators (SRRs) at microwaves, and silver nano-particle pairs at terahertz scale, are presented. Such structures may find applications in different fields, such as high-resolution spatial filters, ultra-diffractive imaging systems, high-capacity optical memories, enhanced light throughput tips for near-field scanning optical microscopes, etc. © 2011 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved.Item Open Access Lab-on-a-chip platforms for disease detection and diagnosis(Wiley Blackwell, 2018) Işıksaçan, Ziya.; Güler, M. T.; Kalantarifard, Ali; Asghari, Mohammad; Elbüken, Çağlar; Altıntaş, Z.The adaptation of silicon electronics microfabrication technologies to other materials led to the birth of microfluidic systems. These systems allow investigation and control of fluids at micrometer scale. Due to the wide variety of applications of microfluidics, several research groups have been involved in the development of basic microfluidic components. After the development of fundamental fluid handling components, these technologies have been integrated for numerous applications one of which is disease detection and diagnostics. This chapter summarizes the microfluidic platforms that are mature enough for adaptation towards disease detection. The microfluidic platforms were discussed under six categories: continuous flow, paper‐based, microdroplets, digital microfluidics, compact disk‐based, and wearable platforms. Seminal works and recent developments in each category have been presented together with successful commercial examples. It is worth noting that some studies straddle more than one category, therefore, this classification is strictly for the ease of the reader. Each section discusses the benefits of a specific microfluidic platform. Engineering of microfluidic systems lead to lab‐on‐a‐chip (LOC) systems that can be used for diagnostics whether at point‐of‐care as portable systems or at clinical settings as advanced detection systems. The increasing awareness on personalized treatments proves the importance of such democratizing technologies. The increasing market share of microfluidic platforms in nearly all sectors is also an indication of the bright future of microfluidics and lab‐on‐a‐chip systems. The chapter is ended with a future outlook.Item Open Access Liquid-phase synthesis of nanoparticles and nanostructured materials(Elsevier, 2018) Karatutlu, A.; Barhoum, A.; Sapelkin, A.Nanoparticles less than 100nm in size have attracted significant interest over the past 20 years due to their unique properties led by quantum size effect. This chapter evaluates the synthesis methods in liquid phase conducted under operation in high/room temperature and at vacuum/atmospheric environment for nanoparticles and nanostructured materials. We draw attention to the fact that various synthesis methods for formation of colloidally stable matrix-free nanoparticles are available. These methods including chemical stain etching, electrodeposition methods, direct-precipitation methods, sol-gel methods, colloidal synthesis methods, hot-injection synthesis methods, hydrothermal and solvothermal methods, microwave-assisted synthesis methods, ultrasonic synthesis methods, and laser ablation in liquid-phase.Item Open Access Nanomaterials as tissue adhesives(John Wiley & Sons, 2016-03-11) Yasa, İ. Ceren; Ceylan, Hakan; Tekinay, Ayşe B.; Güler, Mustafa O.; Güler, Mustafa O.; Tekinay, Ayşe B.Tissue adhesives are used to create functional bonding interfaces between injured tissue parts and between tissues and implanted biomaterials. This chapter provides a critical review of the conventional tissue adhesive materials and their shortcomings. Then it concentrates on the design approaches of emerging tissue adhesive technologies, particularly those using nanotechnology, with a primary focus on their clinical applicability. Various classes of synthetic polymers have been developed and applied as tissue adhesivesTheir defined chemistry and tailorable material properties, such as adhesion strength, curing kinetics, and mechanical properties, drove the motivation in this approach. The two major classes of synthetic tissue adhesives discussed in the chapter are acrylate‐based adhesives and polyurethanes. Urethane‐based adhesives have also been considered for use as soft tissue adhesives or sealants, because of their thermal stability at physiological temperature and absence of hemolytic behavior.Item Open Access Nanomaterials for bone tissue regeneration and orthopedic implants(John Wiley & Sons, 2016-03-11) Gülseren, Gülcihan; Ceylan, Hakan; Tekinay, Ayşe B.; Güler, Mustafa O.; Güler, Mustafa O.; Güler, Ayşe B.Hierarchical organization and specialized composition of bone extracellular matrix (ECM) control the cellular processes including proliferation, migration, and differentiation for continuous modulation and maintenance of structure. For bone tissue regeneration, peptideor polymer‐based biomaterials have offered a framework to design interactive molecules displaying bone composite properties to mimic living bone tissue. This chapter reviews the structure and properties of peptide‐ and polymer‐based soft grafts for bone tissue regeneration, with a summary of upcoming goals and challenges in the future of these versatile materials. It basically covers types and applications of soft bone grafts, directed bone regeneration from biocompatible and bioactive biomaterials, and nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. Bone regeneration studies have been primarily focused on polymers and synthetic proteins. The chapter describes some of the significant contribcutions to the field of bone regeneration with self‐assembled peptide structures.Item Open Access Nanomaterials for medicine(John Wiley & Sons, 2016-03-11) Güler, Mustafa O.; Tekinay, Ayşe B.; Güler, Mustafa O.; Tekinay, Ayşe B.Nanomaterials with controlled physical, chemical, and biological characteristics can be used for the therapy of the specific causes of the diseases. There are several ways to develop new materials in nanometer scale. Mainly, top‐down and bottom‐up approaches are the two major techniques to produce nanomaterials. Depending on the application area, either one or both of these approaches can be used to develop materials that can be used in studying pathophysiology of diseases and their diagnosis and therapy. Especially, bioinspired and biomimetic strategies yield products that can replace or accommodate activities of the natural biomolecules. Nevertheless, for effective diagnosis and therapy of diseases, it is almost crucial to first understand the molecular reasons behind disease development. The nanomaterials can be also used in regenerative medicine applications. Although there have been extensive advances in developing nanomaterials for biomedical purposes, only few of them have been translated into clinics.Item Open Access Nanomaterials for neural regeneration(John Wiley & Sons, 2016-03-11) Sever, Melike; Mammadov, Büşra; Geçer, Mevhibe; Güler, Mustafa O.; Tekinay, Ayşe B.; Güler, Mustafa O.; Tekinay, Ayşe B.The central nervous system (CNS) consists of a dense network of cells leaving a smaller volume for the extracellular matrix (ECM) components (10‐20% for the brain unlike most other tissues (Cragg, 1979)). The reaction of the nervous tissue to any injury leading to scar tissue formation acts as a barrier for regeneration in the CNS, while it supports regeneration in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). By mimicking several unique characteristics of the natural environment of cells, synthetic materials for neural regeneration can be improved chemically and biologically. Especially bioactivation of materials can be achieved by addition of small chemical moieties to the scaffold particularly found in specific tissues or addition of biologically active molecules derived from natural ECM. The ECM‐derived short peptides are promising candidates to be presented as functional domains on the scaffold surface for use in neural regeneration.Item Open Access Nanomaterials for the repair and regeneration of dental tissues(John Wiley & Sons, 2016-03-11) Tansık, Gülistan; Özkan, Alper Devrim; Güler, Mustafa O.; Tekinay, Ayşe B.; Güler, Mustafa O.; Tekinay, Ayşe B.This chapter details the recent advances concerning the use of scaffolds and nanomaterials in the field of artificial tooth regeneration. Primary osseointegration is the mechanical attachment of an implant to the surrounding bone following its insertion, while secondary osseointe‐gration (biological stability) involves bone regeneration and remodeling around the implant. Various methods exist for the fabrication of materials with nanometer‐scale roughnesses; grit blasting, ionization, and acid etching are among the more common. Dental implants have also begun to use similar methods to increase surface roughness and promote protein adsorption and cell adhesion. In addition, biomimetic calcium phosphate coatings and growth factor‐releasing scaffolds are also under development for bone and tooth regeneration. The formation of complete replacement teeth would be of great utility in regenerative dentistry. Adipose‐derived stem cells have been suggested as alternate cell sources for the regeneration of teeth.Item Open Access Nanosized delivery systems for tissue regeneration(John Wiley & Sons, 2016-03-11) Çınar, Göksu; Mumcuoğlu, Didem; Tekinay, Ayşe B.; Güler, Mustafa O.; Güler, Mustafa O.; Tekinay, Ayşe B.This chapter focuses on advanced delivery of biologics including growth factors (GFs), cytokines, genes, or siRNAs using a variety of nanosized systems for different regeneration applications focusing on bone, cartilage, nervous system, and muscle regeneration strategies. Gene therapy provides permanent genetic alteration, but only transient actions of protein therapeutics can be needed for tissue regeneration applications. The limitations of biologics delivery and alternative strategies for overcoming recent problems are underlined presenting recent examples from the literature. In addition, specific targeting and cellular internalization strategies of biologies delivery for tissue regeneration are discussed for providing future perspectives to the readers in this field. Overall, it is believed that advanced nanosized delivery systems integrated with multicomponent designs will open new opportunities in delivery technologies and strategies for tissue regeneration.Item Open Access Plasmon and phonon polaritons in planar van der Waals heterostructures(Elsevier, 2023) Hajian, Hodjat; Erçağlar, Veysel; Özbay, EkmelThe investigation of the characteristics of plasmon polaritons and phonon polaritons in planar systems is one of the key tools in understanding the optical response of plasmonic and phononic waveguides, metamaterials, and metasurfaces. Due to the considerable research interest in the polaritonics of van der Waals (vdW) materials in recent years, we conducted a detailed study on the infrared isotropic/anisotropic polaritons in plasmonic and phononic van der Waals heterostructures.Item Open Access The role of heparin mimetic peptide nanofibers in angiogenesis process(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2013) Mammadov, R.; Duman, E.; Güler, Mustafa O.; Tekinay, A. B.Albeit the roles of growth factors (e.g. VEGF) and their receptors in angiogenesis have been emphasized extensively, the indispensable role of glycosaminoglycans, especially heparan sulfates, has been discerning recently. These sugar polymers act as coreceptors for many growth factors, such as three key angiogenic growth factors: VEGF, FGF-2 and PDGF. Binding of heparan sulfates to growth factors enhances growth factor receptor interaction, and effect of signaling. To exploit the activatory role of heparan sulfates in induction of angiogenesis, researchers designed materials either carrying heparin or functional groups mimicking heparin. Here, we review our recent efforts in producing heparin mimetic materials for angiogenesis. Briefly, we designed novel peptide nanofiber scaffolds that can bind to growth factors similar to heparin, while inducing in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis. This material can provide a useful platform for therapy of chronic wound healing, where angiogenesis is impaired.Item Open Access Safety of nanomaterials(John Wiley & Sons, 2016-03-11) Gündüz, Nuray; Arslan, Elif; Güler, Mustafa O.; Tekinay, Ayşe B.; Güler, Mustafa O.; Tekinay, Ayşe B.This chapter overviews the attempts in understanding the biocompatibility of nanomaterials and provides an account of how these views changed in light of recent findings, with emphasis on the methodology used in nanotoxicology studies. The excretion and clearance of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is discussed in the chapter, but it should be noted that cells themselves respond to ENMs by activating their exocytosis mechanisms, thus extruding or degrading ENMs at the subcellular level. Although the in vitro tests previously outlined in the chapter provide means of predicting the behavior of nanomaterials, it is nonetheless possible that unforeseen in vivo effects may occur. As with any material intended for human use, their safety must first and foremost be investigated to sufficient detail, through both in vitro experiments and animal studies, before they can be administered to human patients.Item Open Access Single-band and multiband angular filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystals and one-layer gratings(Springer International Publishing, 2017) Serebryannikov, A. E.; Özbay, Ekmel[No abstract available]