Browsing by Subject "Integration"
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Item Restricted 1939 Bulgar göçü: Tuna Ailesi(Bilkent University, 2024) Kaldırım, Burakhan; Bolluk, Çınar Yavuz; Yumuşak, Ferhat Kuzey; Uluğ, Hazal; Çuvalci, MeteBu çalışma, 1939 Bulgar Göçü'nü Tuna Ailesi'nin deneyimine odaklanarak Bulgaristan'daki Türk azınlığın geçmişini ve Türkiye'ye göç etme sürecini vurgulamaktadır. Stambolijski dönemiyle başlayan iyileşmeye, suikast sonrası baskıların artması ve ekonomik zorluklara, göçü hızlandıran etkenlere yazıda yer verilmektedir. Türkiye'nin göçmenlere sağladığı destek ve entegrasyon çabalarıyla birlikte, Bulgaristan'ın asimilasyon politikaları ve ekonomik sıkıntılar da vurgulanır. Tuna Ailesi'nin göç kararı, Bulgaristan'daki zulümle birlikte alınmış ve Türkiye'deki entegrasyon süreciyle devam etmiştir. Ailenin yaşadığı zorluklar, başta yerleşim ve kabul görme sorunları olmak üzere detaylı bir şekilde ele alınmaktadır. Çömlekçi'den Yenicabat Köyü'ne taşınma süreci ve bu süreçte karşılaşılan zorluklar özellikle vurgulanır.Item Restricted 1960 ve sonrası Almanya’ya Türkiye’den göç eden işçilerin gözünden göç süreci(Bilkent University, 2021) Kıratlı, Duru; Kazancı, Elif; Çetin, Aylin; Kazanc, Teoman OğuzhanTürkiye ile Almanya arasında 1960’lı yılların başına gelindiğinde çeşitli çıkar sebeplerinden dolayı bir İşgücü Anlaşması imzalandı. Bu Anlaşma birlikte iki ülke hem sosyal olarak hem de ekonomik olarak olumlu ve olumsuz sonuçlar elde etti. Anlaşmanın seyri ve içeriği farklı dönemler içerisinde değişti ve 1973 yılında Almanya işçi alımını tamamen durdurdu. Resmi ve resmi olmayan yollarla göç eden binlerce işçi arasında Çetin ailesinin bazı üyeleri de bulunuyordu. Kimi genç yaşta, kimisi ise daha sonra Almanya’ya göç ederek günümüze kadar üç farklı jenerasyon oluşturdu. Bir kısmı ülkesine geri dönerken bazıları ise işçi olarak gittiği Almanya’da kalıcı olarak kalmayı tercih etti. İlerleyen yıllarda ise Türklerin Almanya’daki sosyal konumu değişti ve burum kültür karmaşalarına sebep oldu. Almanya’daki hayata entegrasyon, iş bulma süreci gibi faktörler gibi zorlayıcı faktörler oraya giden işçileri beklemekteydi ve bu duruma hepsi adapte olamadı. Daha sonra, Almanya’nın günümüzdeki etnik yapısının dahi değişmesine sebep olan bu göç süreci iki ülke arasındaki ilişkileri değiştirdi. Bu araştırmada, Almanya’ya giden işçilerin nasıl bir süreçten geçtiği ve bu anlaşmanın Türkiye açısından getirilerine farklı bir açıdan bakılması hedeflenmiştir. Çetin ailesinden işçi olarak Almanya’ya giden vatandaşların farklı dönemlerde orada yaşadıkları tecrübeler ve bu tecrübelerin ileriki kuşaklara nasıl yansıdığı bu araştırmanın kapsamında yer alıp, genel olarak bu göç süreci ile birlikte Türkiye’nin amaçladığı başarıyı ne derecede gerçekleştirebildiği incelenmektedir.Item Restricted 1970-1980 yılları arasında Almanya’ya göç eden Türk işçilerin sosyal alanlarda yaşadıkları baskı ve sorunlar(Bilkent University, 2023) Bayır, Kerem Berk; Köseömür, Can; Ertan, Yağmur; Özlü, Barış; Bayralı, Defneİkinci Dünya savaşının ardından, Alman devletinin ekonomik ve sosyal kalkınma sağlaması için işgücüne ihtiyacı vardı. Batı Almanya hükümeti 1960’lı yılların başında yurt dışında çalışmaya istekli genç nüfusun yoğun olduğu ülkeler ile işçi göçü anlaşmaları imzaladı. Anlaşmanın kapsadığı ülkelerden gelen göçmen işçiler, Alman hükümeti tarafından sanayi şehirlerinde çalışan açığı olan fabrikalara yerleştirildiler. Bu makale, 1970 ve 1980 yılları arasında Türkiye’den Almanya’ya işçi göçü gerçekleştiren ailelerin Almanya’da yaşarken deneyimledikleri problemleri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Almanya’daki Türk işçi popülasyonunun sosyal deneyimlerine ışık tutarak, günümüz problemlerinin çözüm sürecini daha verimli kılmayı hedefliyoruz.Item Open Access Algorithms for within-cluster searches using inverted files(Springer, 2006-11) Altıngövde, İsmail Şengör; Can, Fazlı; Ulusoy, ÖzgürInformation retrieval over clustered document collections has two successive stages: first identifying the best-clusters and then the best-documents in these clusters that are most similar to the user query. In this paper, we assume that an inverted file over the entire document collection is used for the latter stage. We propose and evaluate algorithms for within-cluster searches, i.e., to integrate the best-clusters with the best-documents to obtain the final output including the highest ranked documents only from the best-clusters. Our experiments on a TREC collection including 210,158 documents with several query sets show that an appropriately selected integration algorithm based on the query length and system resources can significantly improve the query evaluation efficiency. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006.Item Open Access Avrupa'da "iyi müslüman" olmak: Hollanda örneği(Uludağ Üniversitesi İİBF, 2009) Bekaroğlu, Edip AsafMadrid (2004) ve Londra (2005) bombalamalarından itibaren Avrupalı Müslümanlar üzerinde bir “total şüphe” oluşmuştur. Bunun neticesinde Avrupa’daki Müslümanlar yaşadıkları topluma uyum sağlayıp sağlamadıkları konusunda daimi bir teste tabi olmaktadırlar. Müslümanların entegrasyonu üzerine yapılan tartışmaların muradı bir takım “iyi Müslüman” modellerini inşa edip öne çıkarmak, diğerlerini ise kötülemektir. Hollanda örneğine bakıldığında iki model öne çıkmaktadır: terk-i İslam ederek Hollandalı olmak ve İslam’ı liberalleştirerek Hollandalı olmak. Son yıllarda en çok öne çıkan örnek ikinci modelin temsilcisi olan Ahmed Aboutaleb’dir. Dindar bir Müslüman olan Ahmed Aboutaleb çatışmayı İslam ve Batı arasında değil de İslamcılık ile liberal değerlere inananlar arasında olduğunu söyleyen “yeni liberalizm”e de yakın bir duruş sergilemektedir.Item Open Access Comparative study of acceleration techniques for integrals and series in electromagnetic problems(IEEE, 1995-06) Kinayman, Noyan; Aksun, M. I.Most of the electromagnetic problems can be reduced down to either integrating oscillatory integrals or summing up complex series. However, limits of the integrals and the series usually extend to infinity. In addition, they may be slowly convergent. Therefore, numerically efficient techniques for evaluating the integrals or for calculating the sum of infinite series have to be used to make the numerical solution feasible and attractive. In the literature, there are a wide range of applications of such methods to various EM problems. In this paper, our main aim is to critically examine the popular series transformation (acceleration) methods which are used in electromagnetic problems and compare them by numerical examples.Item Open Access Effective early termination techniques for text similarity join operator(Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2005) Özalp, S. A.; Ulusoy, ÖzgürText similarity join operator joins two relations if their join attributes are textually similar to each other, and it has a variety of application domains including integration and querying of data from heterogeneous resources; cleansing of data; and mining of data. Although, the text similarity join operator is widely used, its processing is expensive due to the huge number of similarity computations performed. In this paper, we incorporate some short cut evaluation techniques from the Information Retrieval domain, namely Harman, quit, continue, and maximal similarity filter heuristics, into the previously proposed text similarity join algorithms to reduce the amount of similarity computations needed during the join operation. We experimentally evaluate the original and the heuristic based similarity join algorithms using real data obtained from the DBLP Bibliography database, and observe performance improvements with continue and maximal similarity filter heuristics. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.Item Open Access Efficient computation of surface fields excited on a dielectric-coated circular cylinder(IEEE, 2000-10) Erturk, V. B.; Rojas, R. G.An efficient method to evaluate the surface fields excited on an electrically large dielectric-coated circular cylinder is presented. The efficiency of the method results from the circumferentially propagating representation of the Green’s function as well as its efficient numerical evaluation along a steepest descent path. The circumferentially propagating series representation of the appropriate Green’s function is obtained from its radially propagating counterpart via Watson’s transformation and then the path of integration is deformed to the steepest descent path on which the integrand decays most rapidly. Numerical results are presented that indicate that the representations obtained here are very efficient and valid even for arbitrary small separations of the source and field points. This work is especially useful in the moment-method analysis of conformal microstrip antennas where the mutual coupling effects are important.Item Open Access Efficient use of closed-form Green's functions for three-dimensional problems involving multilayered media(IEEE, 1994-06) Aksun, M. Irsadi; Mittra, R.With the use of casting the spatial domain Green's functions into closed forms approach, it was demonstrated that the computational efficiency of the method of moments (MoM) for the solution of the mixed potential integral equations can be improved significantly for planar microstrip geometries. However, this approach is not effective in the improvement in the computational efficiency achieved for three-dimensional geometries in planar layered media. In this paper, discussed are the difficulties involved in using the spatial domain, closed-form Green's functions in the Method of Moments formulation for three-dimensional geometries and proposed a technique to improve the computational efficiency of the MoM.Item Open Access European integration, productivity growth and real convergence(Elsevier BV, 2007) Kutan, A. M.; Yigit, T. M.This paper derives a stochastic endogenous growth model to investigate the impact of European Union (EU) integration on convergence and productivity growth. The theoretical model implies both temporary and permanent positive effects of the integration process. The empirical part of the analysis uses structural break tests and data envelopment analysis to examine the accession process of five recent members to the EU15. The results show (i) endogenously identified accession dates as structural breaks, (ii) improved rates of productivity growth after accession over and above the Union benchmark level, and (iii) increased pace of overall growth due to capital accumulation as a result of institutional features of the Union such as Structural and Cohesion Funds. These findings support the theoretical model, implying that economic integration is beneficial for member countries, especially from a long-run perspective, and Cohesion and Structural funds help the new members catch up with the core-EU members' standard of living. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Item Open Access Fast direct solution algorithm for electromagnetic scattering from 3D planar and quasi-planar geometries(IEEE, 1997) Gürel, Levent; Chew, W. C.A non-iterative method and its application to planar geometries in homogeneous media is presented. The method is extendable to the cases of quasi-planar structures and/or layered-media problems. The fast direct algorithm (FDA)/steepest descent path (SDP) takes advantage of the fact that the induced currents on planar and quasi-planar geometries interact with each other within a very limited solid angle. Thus, all the degrees of freedom required to solve a `truly 3D' geometry are not required for a planar or quasi-planar geometry, and this situation can be exploited to develop efficient solution algorithms.Item Open Access Fiscal convergence in the European Union(Elsevier BV, 2008) Kocenda, E.; Kutan, A. M.; Yigit, T. M.We empirically examine the fiscal convergence of the recent ten European Union (EU) members using the Maastricht fiscal convergence criteria. We test for absolute beta and sigma convergence of the new members in comparison to the Maastricht benchmarks, as well as the EU15 figures, using methodologies that allow for structural breaks. The results show poor fiscal performance in the European Union in general, suggesting that monetary unions do not necessarily encourage fiscal convergence for its members. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Open Access Forced migration, sexual and gender-based violence and integration: Effects, risks and protective factors(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022-06-15) Phillimore, Jenny; Block, Karen; Bradby, Hannah; Özçürümez, Saime; Papoutsi, AnnaThis paper is the first to use empirical evidence to directly examine the relationship between sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) and multi-dimensional processes of integration of forced migrant SGBV survivors. While it is acknowledged that forced migrants are subjected to a continuum of violence, including SGBV, during the refugee journey, little is known about the long-term impact of SGBV and how it might be mitigated. Our paper, drawing on empirical evidence from 255 interviews with migrants and stakeholders in Australia, the UK, Sweden and Turkey, documented in detail the complex interactions between SGBV and integration using the Indicators of Integration framework. By bringing together the literature on the continuum of violence, SGBV and the Indicators of Integration framework, we identify, on the one hand, the impact of SGBV on integration, and, on the other, how the indicators framework can be used to identify protective and risk factors for forced migrant survivors. © 2022, The Author(s).Item Open Access From virtual to physical: Integration of chemical logic gates(2011) Guliyev, R.; Ozturk, S.; Kostereli, Z.; Akkaya, E. U.Integration by parts: Advanced information processing at the molecular level requires integrated logic gates, which has to date been possible only virtually. Now, two independently working AND molecular logic gates are brought together by "click" chemistry to form integrated logic gates which respond exactly as predicted from such an integration scheme (see picture, EET=excitation energy transfer).Item Open Access A game theoretical modeling and simulation framework for the integration of unmanned aircraft systems in to the national airspace(AIAA, 2016) Musavi, Negin; Tekelioğlu, K. B.; Yıldız, Yıldıray; Güneş, Kerem; Onural, DenizThe focus of this paper is to present a game theoretical modeling and simulation frame- work for the integration of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) into the National Airspace system (NAS). The problem of predicting the outcome of complex scenarios, where UAS and manned air vehicles co-exist, is the research problem of this work. The fundamental gap in the literature in terms of developing models for UAS integration into NAS is that the models of interaction between manned and unmanned vehicles are insufficient. These models are insufficient because a) they assume that human behavior is known a priori and b) they disregard human reaction and decision making process. The contribution of this paper is proposing a realistic modeling and simulation framework that will fill this gap in the literature. The foundations of the proposed modeling method is formed by game theory, which analyzes strategic decision making between intelligent agents, bounded rationality concept, which is based on the fact that humans cannot always make perfect decisions, and reinforcement learning, which is shown to be effective in human behavior in psychology literature. These concepts are used to develop a simulator which can be used to obtain the outcomes of scenarios consisting of UAS, manned vehicles, automation and their interactions. An analysis of the UAS integration is done with a specifically designed scenario for this paper. In the scenario, a UAS equipped with sense and avoid algorithm, moves along a predefined trajectory in a crowded airspace. Then the effect of various system parameters on the safety and performance of the overall system is investigated.Item Open Access Grating coupler integrated photodiodes for plasmon resonance based sensing in fluidic systems(IEEE, 2011) Türker, Burak; Güner, Hasan; Ayaş, Sencer; Ekiz, Okan O.; Acar, Handan; Güler, Mustafa O.; Dâna, AykutluWe demonstrate an integrated sensor combining a grating-coupled plasmon resonance surface with a planar photodiode. Plasmon enhanced transmission is employed as a sensitive refractive index (RI) sensing mechanism and monitored via the integrated photodiode. © 2011 OSA.Item Restricted Hacıturhanoğlu ailesi’nin Bulgaristan’dan Türkiye’ye göç süreci(Bilkent University, 2021) Kökçüler, İsmail Yaşar; Bilici, Ercan; Yevgi, İlke Bilge; Gündüz, Oğuzhan; Kayabaş, UlaşBulgar hükümetinin Türk azınlık üzerinde uyguladığı çeşitli baskılar sonucunda başlayan göç dalgalarının devamı olan 1989 göçünün hem Bulgaristan göçmenleri hem de Türk halkı üzerinde çeşitli etkileri olmuştur. Bu çalışmada; göçmen ailelerden biri olan Hacıturhanoğlu ailesi özelinde 1989 Bulgaristan Göçü ile Türkiye’ye gelen Bulgaristan Türklerini göç etme kararı almaya iten sebepler, göçmenlerin göç sırasında yaşadıkları zorluklar, göç sonrasında Türk toplumu üzerinde etkileri ve toplumla uyum sürecinde karşılaştıkları durumlar incelenecektir. Göçmenlerin göç öncesi ve sonrasındaki yaşantılarının karşılaştırmalı analizi yapılacak, bu göçün iki toplum arasındaki ilişkilere etkileri değerlendirilecektir.Item Open Access Improving inference in integration and cointegration tests(Bilkent University, 2016-05) Eroğlu, Burak AlparslanIn this thesis, I address three di erent problems in unit root and cointegration models and I propose new methods to improve inference in testing procedures for these models. Two of these problems are related to unit root tests. First one is so-called nonstationary volatility issue, which causes severe size distortions in standard unit root tests. I try to resolve this problem with a nonparametric technique introduced rst by Nielsen (2009). Second, I investigate the unit root testing under regulation, which constraints a time series process on a given interval. In this case, standard tests frequently fail to detect the presence of nonstationarity. I employ a similar methodology as in rst part and provide correct inference in unit root testing for regulated series. The nal problem is related to cointegration models. In these models, if innovations of the system are contaminated by MA type negative serial correlation, cointegration tests spuriously rejects the true null hypothesis. Combining wavelet theory and Nielsen's (2010) variance ratio testing procedure, I manage to reduce the impact of the problematic innovations on cointegration test. All three methods share the common feature of being nonparametric in sense that they do not require any regression or kernel type correction to handle serial correlation.Item Open Access Integration of reasoning systems in architectural modeling activities(Elsevier Science, 1998) Demirkan, H.In the first phase of a design process, the designer understands the problem and assimilates it to a conceptual framework that is already known to him. Due to the nature of design problems, the reasoning methods and techniques for modeling are not uniform and clear. An integrated reasoning system is proposed for modeling the architectural processes. Such a system may help designers to make decisions based on past experiences as well as domain theory. The performance of the integration approach is compared with the pure case-based and rule-based reasoning systems to study the efficiency and effectiveness in the same domains. The study tried to identify the reasoning systems used by designers pertaining to the interior design applications. © 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.Item Open Access Integration of structural and semantic models for multimedia metadata management(IEEE, 2007-06) Little, S.; Martinelli, M.; Salvetti, O.; Güdükbay, Uğur; Ulusoy, Özgür; De Chalendar, G.; Grefenstette, G.The management and exchange of multimedia data is challenging due to the variety of formats, standards and intended applications. In addition, production of multimedia data is rapidly increasing due to the availability of off-the-shelf, modern digital devices that can be used by even inexperienced users. It is likely that this volume of information will only increase in the future. A key goal of the MUSCLE (Multimedia Understanding through Semantics, Computation and Learning) network is to develop tools, technologies and standards to facilitate the interoperability of multimedia content and support the exchange of such data. One approach for achieving this was the creation of a specific "E-Team", composed of the authors, to discuss core questions and practical issues based on the participant's individual work. In this paper, we present the relevant points of view with regards to sharing experiences and to extracting and integrating multimedia data and metadata from different modes (text, images, video). © 2007 IEEE.