Graduate School of Economics and Social Sciences

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11693/115676

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Embargo
Women’s constitutive representation in Turkey: parliamentary debates on headscarf, abortion and violence against woman
(2025-05) Üzümcü, Fatma Yol
This dissertation critically examines the substantive representation of women in Turkey by analyzing the parliamentary discourses of female MPs on headscarves, abortion, and violence against women. It investigates how these issues are framed, how womanhood is defined, and how such concerns are embedded in broader political narratives. Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the study explores parliamentary speeches from 2002 to 2023, focusing not only on what is said but how meanings are constructed, contested, and situated within wider debates. The analysis develops along two key dimensions. First, it identifies diverging definitions of womanhood, shaped by ideological, cultural, and party-based positions. Second, it traces how these discourses of womanhood are embedded in broader frameworks—community-based debates (citizenship, belonging, national identity) and practice-based debates (regime, governance, secularism, and democracy). By tracing how these discourses evolve across political parties and over time, the study uncovers the complex dynamics that shape women MPs’ narratives. It argues that women’s political representation is shaped by, and in turn helps shape, macro-level factors and socio-political contexts. The findings challenge the assumption that women in parliament constitute a homogeneous group and contribute to the literature on both substantive and constitutive representation. Ultimately, the study offers a dual analytical framework that links discursive constructions of womanhood to broader ideological and institutional struggles, arguing that substantive representation is inseparable from its constitutive dimension—particularly in dynamic and complex political environments.
Open Access
The role of multisensory experiences on short-term memory retention in simulated cafe environments
(2025-05) Nazzal, Nil
This study investigates how multisensory experiences can enhance short-term memory retention in public interiors, specifically cafes. Previous research has highlighted and emphasized the cognitive benefits of multisensory integration in various settings, including educational institutions and museums. However, there has been limited exploration of memory retention in cafe environments. This research examines the effects of visual, auditory, and olfactory stimuli, both individually and simultaneously, addressing a significant gap in understanding how sensory design influences memory performance in public spaces. A mixed-method experimental design was employed involving 76 adults residing in Ankara, Türkiye. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire and two baseline tests before being randomly assigned to one of four sensory groups: visual, visual and auditory, visual and olfactory, and visual, auditory, and olfactory. The experiment was conducted in a controlled indoor environment that simulated a cafe-like setting. Participants were then given a distraction puzzle followed by an open-ended memory retention task. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and matrix layout, while quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one way ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation. The findings indicate that multisensory experiences significantly enhance memory retention compared to single or dual sensory modalities. Additionally, cognitive assessments showed a low positive correlation with memory retention. This research provides important insights into multisensory design in public spaces, aiming to foster the development of more memorable, cognitively engaging, and experiential environments.
Embargo
An approach to exploring biophilic quality, soundscape quality, and psychological restoration in outpatient oncology polyclinics
(2025-04) Alimadhi, Enkela
There is a need for restorative spaces, and biophilic features are recognized as influencing restoration. Mostly, biophilic environments are investigated in isolated features, such as visual connection with nature, mainly in virtual settings, and less is known about the soundscape of such environments. With the aim of investigating clinical environments for restoration, two hospital waiting areas in Oncology Polyclinics are assessed in terms of their biophilic quality, soundscape quality, and psychological restoration. In an alternative approach to the existing studies, this study adopts a between-subjects design with two phases: a field study followed by a laboratory study. In each study, survey-based assessments were employed to collect the data. The results reveal (1) how biophilic quality, assessed as a composite score and feature-based, differs between waiting areas in both field and laboratory, (2) how soundscape quality between waiting areas is evaluated in both field and laboratory in terms of its affective attributes and (3) the effect such qualities have on the psychological restoration of hospital users in terms of affect, mood, and restoration. The thesis is concluded by conducting a statistical analysis to explore the relationship between soundscape descriptors and psychological restoration indicators investigated in both field and laboratory settings. The data gathered informs future investigation research focused on providing healthcare restorative spaces through biophilic interventions in terms of both visual and audio environments. The study acts as a baseline empirical work for future research.
Embargo
The effects of visual stimuli on impulse buying behavior in virtual environments
(2025-04) Demirel, Rümeysa
This study examines the influence of visual stimuli on impulse buying behavior. It aims to investigate the effects of particular visual cues of high-image visual stimuli (H-IVS) and low-image visual stimuli (L-IVS)—organization/density, staging techniques, and lighting—on impulse buying behavior. The research questions focus on how visual stimuli increase impulse buying behavior and how personality traits moderate this relationship. In a virtual environment, eighty-four female participants in the study were shown visual cues of a black leather handbag. Each of the visual cues was shown independently. Surveys measuring impulse buying behavior and consumer reaction to visual stimuli were used to gather data. The results suggest that high-image visual stimuli significantly enhance impulse buying behavior through organization/density, staging techniques, and lighting, but not directly on impulse buying tendencies. The study establishes the complexity of consumer behavior, emphasizing the role of visual stimuli and personality traits. Further research would study different retail settings, try different consumer segments, and examine additional product categories to determine how visual stimuli affect impulse buying.
Open Access
Postmodern affective histories in Sevgili Arsız Ölüm (1983) and Dare to Disappoint: Growing Up in Turkey (2015)
(2025-05) Kaya, Yeşim
This thesis analyzes two postmodern novels that were published in different periods—Sevgili Arsız Ölüm (1983) by Latife Tekin and Dare to Disappoint: Growing Up in Turkey (2015) by Özge Samancı—in a comparative framework. It investigates how these Turkish women authors employ postmodern novel genre and postmodern narrative strategies such as magic realism, fragmentation, metafiction, and visual storytelling to construct what this study calls postmodern affective histories. Through such writings and the creation of affective histories, the two authors create feminist affects, reclaim women’s subjectivity, and challenge dominant patriarchal and historical discourses. In doing so, as both authors’ narratives are autobiographical, they also reclaim their agency in the world literary scene where they are otherwise underrepresented or marginalized. Drawing on a theoretical framework that combines approaches from world literature theories, postcolonial criticism, feminist theory, and affect theory, this thesis situates both novels within world literary circuits. This thesis work also incorporates Franco Moretti's “distant reading” approach to highlight how these authors—despite their marginal positioning due to gender, language, and geography—actively contribute to the development and evolution of the postmodern novel genre and global feminist discourse. Ultimately, this study argues that through their protagonists, Dirmit and Özge, and the use of localized postmodern techniques and translations, Latife Tekin’s Sevgili Arsız Ölüm and Özge Samancı’s Dare to Disappoint: Growing Up in Turkey offer alternative historiographies and enrich our understanding of Turkish women’s literature and presence within a global literary context.
Open Access
A critical analysis of the media representation of the Mazan rape case: patriarchal dynamics in French news media
(2025-03) Tütüncü, İrem Çağıl
The thesis examines how men and women, whether as perpetrators or victims, are represented in crime news narratives. The study aims to investigate how patriarchal dynamics are being reconstructed and disseminated through the media as a cultural norm. Utilizing modern feminist theory and media analysis methods, this study critically examines the news media role in perpetuating gender inequality. A specific rape case from France has been selected as a case study to analyze how gender-based violence is represented in three different French newspapers. The findings contribute to a broader discussion on the structural causes of gender-based violence and the media’s role in shaping public discourse.
Open Access
Exploring self-artist identity through hybrid animation
(2025-03) Özkaya, Faize Nur
This thesis accompanies my experimental animation film, I Was So Afraid Of You Running Away. It explores the development of my visual identity through experimen tation and analog animation techniques. By analyzing key moments in the history of experimental animation, I discovered and applied unique storytelling approaches that shaped my artistic language. Moving away from digital production, the project high lights how analog methods expanded my creative practice. The technical and design aspects of the film are also detailed in this paper.
Open Access
The evolution and role of anti-splash rim bowls in the late bronze age ceramic production
(2025-03) Kırömeroğlu, İpek
This thesis investigates the Anti-Splash Rim Bowl (ASRB) within the broader framework of Late Bronze Age ceramic production. While previous studies have primarily examined ASRBs as a sub-group of North Central Anatolian (NCA) style pottery through the lens of Hittite imperial influence and standardization, this study aims to fill key gaps by exploring their origins, production techniques, and regional distribution, including potential Early Bronze Age precedents. A multi-faceted analytical approach is employed, integrating technological typology, morphotypology, chronotypology, and quantitative methods. This methodology systematically assesses ASRBs across multiple sites, focusing on regional variations, production standardization, and contextual usage. The findings indicate that while ASRBs exhibit uniformity at certain levels, however, significant variability exists in their fabric composition, production techniques, and spatial distribution, particularly between core and peripheral regions. Additionally, the study highlights the diversity of different regional production modes, suggesting that ASRBs were shaped by localized traditions rather than a strictly centralized system. This research provides new insights into Late Bronze Age Anatolian pottery traditions by bridging ceramic analysis with broader socio-political and economic contexts. It contributes to ongoing discussions on craft specialization, technological transmission, and imperial influence in ancient Anatolia.
Open Access
Art therapy as a non-judgmental environment: facilitating emotional expression and healing
(2025-03) Çelik, Şeyma
This thesis accompanies and supports my art exhibition work, What I See When I Close My Eyes, which I created, in most parts, by drawing while keeping my eyes closed. The main corpus focuses on how I approached art and endeavoured to use it as a therapeutic tool for healing from my mental illnesses, mainly treatment-resistant depression. My thesis looks at art as a means of therapy and analyses its benefits, aiming to create a non-judgmental space for artistic expression. Apart from its therapeutic benefits, art can also be a research tool, both as an enquiry of the self and as a means of providing the data for analysis. The data being examined, in this case, is the scribbles being produced in a ritualistic sense of drawing every day, if possible. These drawings are almost akin to mood trackers, but instead of naming moods with emotion-based vocabulary, the tracking is done by artistically reflecting the mind’s content on a subconscious level. The artistic approach of drawing with eyes closed produces the data for the research commentary and provides an enquiry of the self through reflection of the mind. It focuses on battling judgmental art critique and instead, being free in self-expression and partaking in self-discovery. The Jungian psychoanalytic approach, Rogerian humanistic psychology, as well as Deleuzian and Guattarian schizoanalysis are chosen for the theoretical background.
Open Access
The influence of proximity to entrepreneurship support mechanisms on entrepreneurial propensity: the role of gender and big five personality traits
(2025-01) Temel Çakır, Aybüke
This study investigates the role of proximity to entrepreneurial support mechanisms (ESM) on entrepreneurial propensity and the moderating roles of gender and personality traits. Drawing on established theories such as Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurship Enablement Theory, this study integrates contextual and individual perspectives to explore how environmental factors interact with individual traits and gender to shape entrepreneurial outcomes. Data were collected from 322 participants representing diverse demographic and geographic backgrounds. Multiple regressions conducted using R programming revealed that proximity to ESM significantly boosts entrepreneurial propensity. Cognitive and institutional proximity exhibited the strongest impact, while the geographical, organizational, and social proximities had weaker effects. Gender and personality traits showed no significant moderating role. Adopting a holistic framework, this study addresses gaps in the literature by integrating different factors that shape entrepreneurial propensity. Implications highlight the importance of designing inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystems and tailoring support mechanisms to address individual and contextual differences. This study provides a comprehensive model to understand the interaction between proximity to support mechanisms and entrepreneurial propensity, contributing to theory and practice while discussing the implications of the findings and offering recommendations for future research.
Open Access
Living alone: pathways, experiences and future expectations
(2025-01) Azizoğlu, Cemre
As the number of solo-living individuals continues to rise globally, living alone has become an increasingly prominent social phenomenon, attracting significant attention, particularly in academic circles, and emerging as a subject of inquiry in various studies. However, existing literature often conceptualizes living alone as a status, focusing predominantly on its associations with vulnerabilities and stigmatizations. This tendency risks overlooking its multilayered and multidimensional nature. To address this gap, this study explores the pathways that lead individuals to live alone, their experiences of living alone, and their future expectations regarding their living arrangements. The aim is to highlight the multidimensionality and dynamism of the concept. This analysis complements and modifies existing discussions in the literature by introducing categories derived from the study’s data. The data for this study were collected through in-depth interviews with thirty-six respondents living in Turkey and Sweden, including twenty respondents living in Turkey, seven from Sweden, and nine from Turkey residing in Sweden. The primary contribution of this thesis lies in revealing the multidimensional associations between these pathways, experiences, and future expectations. It also emphasizes the various factors and resources influencing these aspects while presenting diverse scenarios of living alone.
Embargo
Fluxes of desire: queer monstrous becomings in contemporary horror cinema
(2024-12) Neşe, Rüya
This thesis re-evaluates the intersection of queerness and monstrosity in contemporary horror cinema by moving beyond identity-based and representational frameworks that have dominated queer horror studies. Presenting an alternative to psychoanalytic and structuralist approaches rooted in binary oppositions (e.g., self/other, male/female, human/non- human), it critiques their heteronormative biases and highlights their inadequacy in accounting for the fluidity and ambiguity of real-life queer experiences and their manifestations in monstrous figures. In search of a more affirmative approach, this thesis draws on Deleuze and Guattari’s theory of becoming, as well as insights from contemporary Deleuzian scholars like Rosi Braidotti, Patricia MacCormack and Verena Conley to reconceptualize queerness and monstrosity as fluid, indeterminate, and liminal processes that challenge rigid categorizations and interpretations within anthropo-phallogocentric order. Engaging with six contemporary horror films, Raw (2016), Bones and All (2022), The Lure (2015), The Untamed (2016), Titane (2021), and Hellraiser (2022) and bringing together interdisciplinary perspectives in horror film studies, queer theory, and Deleuzoguattarian philosophy, this thesis shifts the analytical focus from representational and identitarian readings to the affirmative and transformative potential of queer-becoming, reframing monstrosity as an open-ended and dynamic process of radical creativity that produces alternative modes of existence beyond the confines of majoritarian discourses on identity, gender, sexuality, and subjectivity.
Open Access
Morality in context: do adolescents’ prosocial bystander judgments and responses vary depending on reality and group membership contexts?
(2024-12) Censur, Yağmur
Various social-cognitive and contextual correlates of bystander judgments and responses were studied in bullying literature. However, our knowledge is still limited in understanding how the interaction between reality context and group membership might shape bystander judgments, responses, and likelihood of future helping behavior in bullying contexts. This study focused on this gap by employing a between-subject design in which group membership and reality context varied depending on the context condition. In the ingroup conditions, participants read a repetitive bullying scenario in which an ingroup member was excluded and teased by ingroup peers for being perceived as boring either in a real-life or VR environment. In outgroup conditions, participants read the same scenario for an outgroup member who was excluded and teased by ingroup peers for being a foreigner either in a real-life or VR environment. In the end, adolescents showed more prosocial bystander judgments, responses, and likelihood of future helping behavior in VR contexts compared to real-life contexts. Moreover, results documented that group membership processes might be perceived differently in VR and real-life contexts. More specifically, adolescents showed more prosocial bystander judgments, responses, and likelihood of future helping behavior towards outgroup members over ingroup members in VR contexts. Adolescents also demonstrated more prosocial bystander judgments and responses when they observed the repetitiveness of bullying. Socio-cognitive factors (ToM, empathy, rejection sensitivity) and contextual factors (dehumanization) were important predictors of the relationship between bystander responses to bullying. Overall, our findings provide implications for the importance of understanding the interaction between group membership and reality contexts by adopting more technology-based methodologies.
Open Access
E-ticaret pazar yerinde taraflar arası ilişkilerin hukuki niteliği ve e-ticaret aracı hizmet sağlayıcının tüketiciye karşı ayıplı maldan sorumluluğu
(2024-12) Sönmez, Özge
Günümüzde yaşanan teknolojik gelişmeler sayesinde e-ticaret pazar yerleri üzerinden yapılan alışverişler fiziki olarak mağazaları ziyaret ederek yapılan alışverişlere iddialı bir alternatif olmuştur. E-ticaret pazar yerlerinin bu derecede yaygın kullanımı ayıplı ürünlerin dolaşıma girerek tüketiciyle buluşması riskini doğurmaktadır. Bunun sonucu olarak tüketici, e-ticaret hizmet sağlayıcı ve onları bir araya getiren e-ticaret aracı hizmet sağlayıcılardan oluşan üç taraflı ilişkide taraflar arası ilişkilerin hukuki niteliğinin ne olduğu ve e-ticaret aracı hizmet sağlayıcının tüketiciye karşı ayıplı maldan sorumlu tutulup tutulamayacağı soruları gündeme gelmektedir. Çalışmada öncelikle e-ticaretin tanımı ve türleri açıklanacak, sonrasında e-ticaretin tarafları arasındaki ilişkilerin hukuki niteliği analiz edilecek ve e-ticaret aracı hizmet sağlayıcının e-ticaret pazar yeri üzerinden tüketiciye satılan ayıplı maldan sorumluluğunun doğup doğmayacağı Türk hukuku ve karşılaştırmalı hukuk çerçevesinde, sözleşmesel ve sözleşme dışı sorumluluk bağlamında incelenecektir.
Open Access
Anonim ortaklıklarda kurumsal sürdürülebilirliğin düzenlenme modelleri
(2024-11) Özalp, Mustafa Gökay
Sürdürülebilirlik, tarihin ilkel dönemlerinden bu yana kabul gören bir anlayış olmuş ve zaman içerisinde sürdürülebilirlik, çevresel, sosyal ve ekonomik unsurlar olmak üzere “sürdürülebilir kalkınma” temelinde ele alınan bir kavram haline gelmiştir. Anonim ortaklıklar açısından ise bu konu, kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik kavramı çerçevesinde, sürdürülebilirlik sorunlarının anonim ortaklıklara etkisi, risk ve fırsatların yönetimi, yatırımcıların korunması, hatta geniş anlamdaki tüm menfaat sahiplerinin çıkarları bakımından, öğretide kurumsal yönetim odağında tartışılmıştır. Kurumsal yönetime ilişkin düzenleme modelleri, yasa hükmüne dayanmayan, öneri niteliğindeki ilkeler ile yasa hükmüne dayanan, bağlayıcı nitelikteki kuralları içermektedir. Bu düzenleme modellerinden hangisinin kurumsal yönetim anlayışına daha uygun olduğu ise öğretide sıkça tartışılan bir konu olmuştur. Kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik açısından da benzer tartışma yapılmışsa da konunun iklim krizi, insan hakları gibi aciliyet içeren sorunları bünyesinde barındırması nedeniyle kıyasla daha yoğun tartışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, çalışmamızda kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik açısından düzenleme modellerinin üstün ve noksan yanları açıklanarak, aynı zamanda düzenleme modellerinin etki değerlendirmesi yapılmış ve öneriler sunulmuştur.
Open Access
Exploring energy-related occupant behavior in office buildings: an interdisciplinary study in the context of building physics and social psychology
(2024-12) Çağlayan, İrem
This thesis presents a novel approach to occupant behavior (OB) modeling in office buildings by integrating psycho-social behavioral clusters with environmental parameters through fuzzy logic modeling. Traditional building performance simulations often rely on static and generalized assumptions, which fail to capture the dynamic and complex nature of human behavior in energy use, contributing to the energy performance gap. This research addresses this challenge through a three-step methodology: (1) online study, (2) field study, and (3) fuzzy logic modeling. Each step informs the next, culminating in a holistic framework for more accurate energy performance predictions. In Step 01, three distinct behavioral clusters were developed using the Theory of Planned Behavior, Self-Determination Theory, and habit and comfort constructs, capturing different energy-saving tendencies, motivation, and comfort needs. Step 02 mapped these clusters against environmental parameters—outdoor and indoor temperature, humidity, and CO₂ levels—to create a dynamic, context-responsive model of occupant actions. Finally, Step 03 implemented a fuzzy logic system in MATLAB, designed to integrate with EnergyPlus™ via its Energy Management System (EMS). This integration enables real-time simulation of occupant responses to environmental shifts, incorporating psycho-social influences and seasonal variations, thereby improving the precision and adaptability of energy consumption forecasts.
Open Access
From paganism to piety: tracing the Christianization process in the southern Black Sea
(2024-12) Kolaylı, Sena Göksu
This thesis examines the spread of Christianity in Bithynia and Pontus, a topic that remains a lacuna in the academic literature. Through a multi-dimensional survey that covers textual, hagiographical, epigraphic, and material evidence and engaging with the central debates in archaeology about the identification of religious identity through material remains and the patterns and mechanisms of Christianization, it provides a comprehensive account of the history of Bithynia and Pontus, which it traces in religious and secular texts from the pre- Constantinian period, and discusses specific epigraphic finds and archaeological sites in relation to its central theme as well as challenges related to the preservation and interpretation of evidence and avenues for future research. These findings help contribute the understanding of early Christian identity and its development in the Black Sea region as well as the broader debates on the archaeology of religion and the Christianization of the Asia Minor.
Open Access
Understanding letterboxd users: the platform’s influence on film consumption and cinephilia in the digital age
(2024-11) Yavuz, Deniz
Letterboxd is an online platform that is becoming more and more popular among film enthusiasts. It serves as a space where users engage in film-related activities such as creating their individualized film diaries, giving ratings, writing reviews, and creating their personal watching lists. This study explores the complex field of user psychology in the context of Letterboxd, analyzing the platform’s notable impact on users’ film-watching habits, the influence of other users’ opinions on what people think, and the platform’s contribution to the transformation of cinephilia in the digital age. Using quantitative and qualitative methodology, the research employs survey data enhanced with open-ended questions to capture the complex nature of user participation. The goal of the study is to determine how Letterboxd affects users’ habits of film consumption by investigating how the platform creates a sense of community among its users, shapes their preferences and viewing decisions, and influences their own opinions regarding films. Furthermore, it aims to unravel the role of Letterboxd in the evolution of a new understanding of cinephilia in the digital age. Ultimately, the research illuminates the changing landscape of cinema appreciation by deconstructing the dynamics of spectatorship habits, the impact of other people’s thoughts on forming people’s opinions, and the ever-evolving nature of cinephilia.
Open Access
Hauntology and the absence aesthetics: an examination of liminal internet aesthetics
(2024-11) Yöndem, Sezen Günce
This thesis examines the online phenomenon known as internet aesthetics, which became popular during the pandemic, focusing on its three subcategories: dreamcore, weirdcore, and nostalgiacore. These subcategories fall under the broader term of ‘liminal internet aesthetics,’ which are characterized by familiar yet empty spaces, such as abandoned malls, schools, and homes, often imbued with a nostalgic yet unsettling feeling. Within the vast visual realm of internet aesthetics, liminal internet aesthetics employ a visual language centered on the motif of ‘human absence.’ The aim of this thesis is to analyze this visual language created by the motifs of ‘absence’ and ‘presence’ as a reflection of societal anxieties heightened by the global pandemic and the media-saturated world. For this analysis, the research draws on the concept of hauntology, introduced by Jacques Derrida and later expanded upon by cultural theorist Mark Fisher, as well as Fisher’s concepts of the weird and the eerie, two modes of hauntology that are categorized in this thesis under the concept of ‘absence aesthetics.’ Further, the thesis adopts a qualitative methodology combining close visual analysis with ethnographic participant observation conducted within online aesthetic communities. Ultimately, this research seeks to contribute to the existing literature on internet aesthetics and digital culture, particularly in relation to the post-pandemic cultural landscape.
Open Access
Turkey’s balancing act: the compartmentalization of securıty and economics, 1945-1980
(2024-12) Bayraktar, Orhun
This dissertation explores Turkey’s foreign policy from 1945 to 1980, focusing on its strategies for balancing relations with the superpowers during the Cold War. It challenges the conventional view of Turkey as a steadfast Western ally, instead exploring Ankara’s nuanced approach to pursuing security and economic priorities. Drawing on extensive archival research, the study highlights Turkey’s use of compartmentalization—separating economic and security relations with the United States and the Soviet Union—as a defining feature of its foreign policy. The analysis is divided into three key periods. The first period (1945–1953) examines Turkey’s alignment with the Western bloc in response to Soviet territorial demands and economic vulnerabilities, culminating in its integration into the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and NATO. The second period (1953–1960) traces Turkey’s efforts to diversify by balancing NATO commitments with pragmatic engagements with the Soviet Union. This chapter also addresses Turkey’s embrace of regional diplomacy, including in the Baghdad Pact and the Syrian Crisis. The third period (1960–1980) highlights Turkey’s increasing autonomy, demonstrated by the 1967 Soviet-Turkish Agreement and the 1974 Cyprus intervention, both of which reflected its capacity to navigate superpower dynamics while asserting national interests. The dissertation argues that Turkey’s compartmentalized approach enabled it to maintain strategic flexibility, securing its sovereignty and advancing economic development amidst Cold War tensions. This analysis contributes to understanding middle-power behavior and the complex interplay of security and economics in global geopolitics.