Graduate School of Economics and Social Sciences

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11693/115676

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Fluxes of desire: queer monstrous becomings in contemporary horror cinema
(2024-12) Neşe, Rüya
This thesis re-evaluates the intersection of queerness and monstrosity in contemporary horror cinema by moving beyond identity-based and representational frameworks that have dominated queer horror studies. Presenting an alternative to psychoanalytic and structuralist approaches rooted in binary oppositions (e.g., self/other, male/female, human/non- human), it critiques their heteronormative biases and highlights their inadequacy in accounting for the fluidity and ambiguity of real-life queer experiences and their manifestations in monstrous figures. In search of a more affirmative approach, this thesis draws on Deleuze and Guattari’s theory of becoming, as well as insights from contemporary Deleuzian scholars like Rosi Braidotti, Patricia MacCormack and Verena Conley to reconceptualize queerness and monstrosity as fluid, indeterminate, and liminal processes that challenge rigid categorizations and interpretations within anthropo-phallogocentric order. Engaging with six contemporary horror films, Raw (2016), Bones and All (2022), The Lure (2015), The Untamed (2016), Titane (2021), and Hellraiser (2022) and bringing together interdisciplinary perspectives in horror film studies, queer theory, and Deleuzoguattarian philosophy, this thesis shifts the analytical focus from representational and identitarian readings to the affirmative and transformative potential of queer-becoming, reframing monstrosity as an open-ended and dynamic process of radical creativity that produces alternative modes of existence beyond the confines of majoritarian discourses on identity, gender, sexuality, and subjectivity.
Open Access
Morality in context: do adolescents’ prosocial bystander judgments and responses vary depending on reality and group membership contexts?
(2024-12) Censur, Yağmur
Various social-cognitive and contextual correlates of bystander judgments and responses were studied in bullying literature. However, our knowledge is still limited in understanding how the interaction between reality context and group membership might shape bystander judgments, responses, and likelihood of future helping behavior in bullying contexts. This study focused on this gap by employing a between-subject design in which group membership and reality context varied depending on the context condition. In the ingroup conditions, participants read a repetitive bullying scenario in which an ingroup member was excluded and teased by ingroup peers for being perceived as boring either in a real-life or VR environment. In outgroup conditions, participants read the same scenario for an outgroup member who was excluded and teased by ingroup peers for being a foreigner either in a real-life or VR environment. In the end, adolescents showed more prosocial bystander judgments, responses, and likelihood of future helping behavior in VR contexts compared to real-life contexts. Moreover, results documented that group membership processes might be perceived differently in VR and real-life contexts. More specifically, adolescents showed more prosocial bystander judgments, responses, and likelihood of future helping behavior towards outgroup members over ingroup members in VR contexts. Adolescents also demonstrated more prosocial bystander judgments and responses when they observed the repetitiveness of bullying. Socio-cognitive factors (ToM, empathy, rejection sensitivity) and contextual factors (dehumanization) were important predictors of the relationship between bystander responses to bullying. Overall, our findings provide implications for the importance of understanding the interaction between group membership and reality contexts by adopting more technology-based methodologies.
Open Access
E-ticaret pazar yerinde taraflar arası ilişkilerin hukuki niteliği ve e-ticaret aracı hizmet sağlayıcının tüketiciye karşı ayıplı maldan sorumluluğu
(2024-12) Sönmez, Özge
Günümüzde yaşanan teknolojik gelişmeler sayesinde e-ticaret pazar yerleri üzerinden yapılan alışverişler fiziki olarak mağazaları ziyaret ederek yapılan alışverişlere iddialı bir alternatif olmuştur. E-ticaret pazar yerlerinin bu derecede yaygın kullanımı ayıplı ürünlerin dolaşıma girerek tüketiciyle buluşması riskini doğurmaktadır. Bunun sonucu olarak tüketici, e-ticaret hizmet sağlayıcı ve onları bir araya getiren e-ticaret aracı hizmet sağlayıcılardan oluşan üç taraflı ilişkide taraflar arası ilişkilerin hukuki niteliğinin ne olduğu ve e-ticaret aracı hizmet sağlayıcının tüketiciye karşı ayıplı maldan sorumlu tutulup tutulamayacağı soruları gündeme gelmektedir. Çalışmada öncelikle e-ticaretin tanımı ve türleri açıklanacak, sonrasında e-ticaretin tarafları arasındaki ilişkilerin hukuki niteliği analiz edilecek ve e-ticaret aracı hizmet sağlayıcının e-ticaret pazar yeri üzerinden tüketiciye satılan ayıplı maldan sorumluluğunun doğup doğmayacağı Türk hukuku ve karşılaştırmalı hukuk çerçevesinde, sözleşmesel ve sözleşme dışı sorumluluk bağlamında incelenecektir.
Open Access
Anonim ortaklıklarda kurumsal sürdürülebilirliğin düzenlenme modelleri
(2024-11) Özalp, Mustafa Gökay
Sürdürülebilirlik, tarihin ilkel dönemlerinden bu yana kabul gören bir anlayış olmuş ve zaman içerisinde sürdürülebilirlik, çevresel, sosyal ve ekonomik unsurlar olmak üzere “sürdürülebilir kalkınma” temelinde ele alınan bir kavram haline gelmiştir. Anonim ortaklıklar açısından ise bu konu, kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik kavramı çerçevesinde, sürdürülebilirlik sorunlarının anonim ortaklıklara etkisi, risk ve fırsatların yönetimi, yatırımcıların korunması, hatta geniş anlamdaki tüm menfaat sahiplerinin çıkarları bakımından, öğretide kurumsal yönetim odağında tartışılmıştır. Kurumsal yönetime ilişkin düzenleme modelleri, yasa hükmüne dayanmayan, öneri niteliğindeki ilkeler ile yasa hükmüne dayanan, bağlayıcı nitelikteki kuralları içermektedir. Bu düzenleme modellerinden hangisinin kurumsal yönetim anlayışına daha uygun olduğu ise öğretide sıkça tartışılan bir konu olmuştur. Kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik açısından da benzer tartışma yapılmışsa da konunun iklim krizi, insan hakları gibi aciliyet içeren sorunları bünyesinde barındırması nedeniyle kıyasla daha yoğun tartışılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, çalışmamızda kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik açısından düzenleme modellerinin üstün ve noksan yanları açıklanarak, aynı zamanda düzenleme modellerinin etki değerlendirmesi yapılmış ve öneriler sunulmuştur.
Open Access
Exploring energy-related occupant behavior in office buildings: an interdisciplinary study in the context of building physics and social psychology
(2024-12) Çağlayan, İrem
This thesis presents a novel approach to occupant behavior (OB) modeling in office buildings by integrating psycho-social behavioral clusters with environmental parameters through fuzzy logic modeling. Traditional building performance simulations often rely on static and generalized assumptions, which fail to capture the dynamic and complex nature of human behavior in energy use, contributing to the energy performance gap. This research addresses this challenge through a three-step methodology: (1) online study, (2) field study, and (3) fuzzy logic modeling. Each step informs the next, culminating in a holistic framework for more accurate energy performance predictions. In Step 01, three distinct behavioral clusters were developed using the Theory of Planned Behavior, Self-Determination Theory, and habit and comfort constructs, capturing different energy-saving tendencies, motivation, and comfort needs. Step 02 mapped these clusters against environmental parameters—outdoor and indoor temperature, humidity, and CO₂ levels—to create a dynamic, context-responsive model of occupant actions. Finally, Step 03 implemented a fuzzy logic system in MATLAB, designed to integrate with EnergyPlus™ via its Energy Management System (EMS). This integration enables real-time simulation of occupant responses to environmental shifts, incorporating psycho-social influences and seasonal variations, thereby improving the precision and adaptability of energy consumption forecasts.
Open Access
From paganism to piety: tracing the Christianization process in the southern Black Sea
(2024-12) Kolaylı, Sena Göksu
This thesis examines the spread of Christianity in Bithynia and Pontus, a topic that remains a lacuna in the academic literature. Through a multi-dimensional survey that covers textual, hagiographical, epigraphic, and material evidence and engaging with the central debates in archaeology about the identification of religious identity through material remains and the patterns and mechanisms of Christianization, it provides a comprehensive account of the history of Bithynia and Pontus, which it traces in religious and secular texts from the pre- Constantinian period, and discusses specific epigraphic finds and archaeological sites in relation to its central theme as well as challenges related to the preservation and interpretation of evidence and avenues for future research. These findings help contribute the understanding of early Christian identity and its development in the Black Sea region as well as the broader debates on the archaeology of religion and the Christianization of the Asia Minor.
Open Access
Understanding letterboxd users: the platform’s influence on film consumption and cinephilia in the digital age
(2024-11) Yavuz, Deniz
Letterboxd is an online platform that is becoming more and more popular among film enthusiasts. It serves as a space where users engage in film-related activities such as creating their individualized film diaries, giving ratings, writing reviews, and creating their personal watching lists. This study explores the complex field of user psychology in the context of Letterboxd, analyzing the platform’s notable impact on users’ film-watching habits, the influence of other users’ opinions on what people think, and the platform’s contribution to the transformation of cinephilia in the digital age. Using quantitative and qualitative methodology, the research employs survey data enhanced with open-ended questions to capture the complex nature of user participation. The goal of the study is to determine how Letterboxd affects users’ habits of film consumption by investigating how the platform creates a sense of community among its users, shapes their preferences and viewing decisions, and influences their own opinions regarding films. Furthermore, it aims to unravel the role of Letterboxd in the evolution of a new understanding of cinephilia in the digital age. Ultimately, the research illuminates the changing landscape of cinema appreciation by deconstructing the dynamics of spectatorship habits, the impact of other people’s thoughts on forming people’s opinions, and the ever-evolving nature of cinephilia.
Open Access
Hauntology and the absence aesthetics: an examination of liminal internet aesthetics
(2024-11) Yöndem, Sezen Günce
This thesis examines the online phenomenon known as internet aesthetics, which became popular during the pandemic, focusing on its three subcategories: dreamcore, weirdcore, and nostalgiacore. These subcategories fall under the broader term of ‘liminal internet aesthetics,’ which are characterized by familiar yet empty spaces, such as abandoned malls, schools, and homes, often imbued with a nostalgic yet unsettling feeling. Within the vast visual realm of internet aesthetics, liminal internet aesthetics employ a visual language centered on the motif of ‘human absence.’ The aim of this thesis is to analyze this visual language created by the motifs of ‘absence’ and ‘presence’ as a reflection of societal anxieties heightened by the global pandemic and the media-saturated world. For this analysis, the research draws on the concept of hauntology, introduced by Jacques Derrida and later expanded upon by cultural theorist Mark Fisher, as well as Fisher’s concepts of the weird and the eerie, two modes of hauntology that are categorized in this thesis under the concept of ‘absence aesthetics.’ Further, the thesis adopts a qualitative methodology combining close visual analysis with ethnographic participant observation conducted within online aesthetic communities. Ultimately, this research seeks to contribute to the existing literature on internet aesthetics and digital culture, particularly in relation to the post-pandemic cultural landscape.
Open Access
Turkey’s balancing act: the compartmentalization of securıty and economics, 1945-1980
(2024-12) Bayraktar, Orhun
This dissertation explores Turkey’s foreign policy from 1945 to 1980, focusing on its strategies for balancing relations with the superpowers during the Cold War. It challenges the conventional view of Turkey as a steadfast Western ally, instead exploring Ankara’s nuanced approach to pursuing security and economic priorities. Drawing on extensive archival research, the study highlights Turkey’s use of compartmentalization—separating economic and security relations with the United States and the Soviet Union—as a defining feature of its foreign policy. The analysis is divided into three key periods. The first period (1945–1953) examines Turkey’s alignment with the Western bloc in response to Soviet territorial demands and economic vulnerabilities, culminating in its integration into the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and NATO. The second period (1953–1960) traces Turkey’s efforts to diversify by balancing NATO commitments with pragmatic engagements with the Soviet Union. This chapter also addresses Turkey’s embrace of regional diplomacy, including in the Baghdad Pact and the Syrian Crisis. The third period (1960–1980) highlights Turkey’s increasing autonomy, demonstrated by the 1967 Soviet-Turkish Agreement and the 1974 Cyprus intervention, both of which reflected its capacity to navigate superpower dynamics while asserting national interests. The dissertation argues that Turkey’s compartmentalized approach enabled it to maintain strategic flexibility, securing its sovereignty and advancing economic development amidst Cold War tensions. This analysis contributes to understanding middle-power behavior and the complex interplay of security and economics in global geopolitics.
Open Access
The influences of parenting styles on the epistemic and interpersonal aspects of parenting
(Bilkent University, 2024-11) Şahin, Gökçe
The aims of the current study are twofold. The main aim of the study was to examine the relationships between parenting styles, scaffolding behaviours and parenting by lying practices, the last two of which were operationalised as epistemic and interpersonal aspects of parenting, respectively. Since there was no measurement tool to assess parental scaffolding functions, the second purpose of the study was to develop a quantitative measurement tool to assess parental scaffolding practices. The current research consisted of two studies. In Study 1, parents with preschoolers (N = 258) were recruited to determine the factor structure of the Parental Scaffolding within Cultural Learning Scale (PSCL). In Study 2, the relationships between epistemic and interpersonal aspects of parenting were investigated through the PSCL and the Instrumental Lie-telling Scale in a second independent sample (N = 153). Furthermore, the associations between parenting styles and these two aspects were examined through the Parent Attitude Scale. According to the study findings, a statistically valid and reliable measurement tool to assess parental scaffolding practices was contributed to the related literature. In addition, it was displayed that the relationships of different parenting styles with parental scaffolding and lie-telling behaviours show a variety. For example, while authoritative and overprotective parenting practices were related to the task persistence scaffolds, authoritarian and overprotective parenting styles were found to be related to higher use of threat lies. In conclusion, these results pointed out the important associations between different parenting factors that were thought to contribute to children’s social learning.
Open Access
Lived citizenship experiences of highly-skilled migrants in Budapest and Athens : the emergence of patriotic cosmopolitan citizens
(Bilkent University, 2024-11) Gioftsios, Pınar Dilan Sönmez
This study explores the lived citizenship experiences of highly-skilled migrants through the analysis of 62 semi-structured interviews and an online questionnaire (N=177) conducted in Budapest and Athens between October 2022 and February 2024. The study aims to understand and explain how citizenship is understood and appropriated by highly skilled migrants who develop multi-layered attachments as highly mobile individuals, reflecting on their everyday transnational lives in the urban setting of Budapest and Athens. The study suggests that migrants' understanding of citizenship is shaped based on an amalgamation of legal-political status laden with rights and duties, and an identity and multi-layered sense of belonging derived from their lived socio-economic, socio-cultural, and emotional experiences. This study defines lived citizenship as a sum of the relational process involving experiences of belonging and coexistence that individuals undergo in everyday life within and beyond states, in both public and private realms. The research argues that highly skilled migrants’ experiences and narratives demonstrate a distinct understanding of citizenship, which is conceptualized in this study as patriotic cosmopolitan citizenship, turning them into hybrid citizens. The study advances the analytical framework and thinking on the foundation, manifestations, and operationalization of citizenship from below, underlining the significance of affective and subject-defining aspects. This empirical research goes beyond the existing studies which focus on policy-oriented, macro-level analyses of highly-skilled migration, presenting a unique contribution to the production of knowledge on highly skilled migrants in Budapest and Athens.
Embargo
Dava şartı kavramı
(2024-09) Ulugün, Furkan
Bir davanın mahkemece kabul edilmesi sadece maddi hukukun öngördüğü şartlara değil, aynı zamanda usul hukukunun öngördüğü şartlara da bağlıdır. Usul hukukunun öngördüğü şartların varlığı tespit edilemezse maddi hukukun öngördüğü şartların gerçekleşip gerçekleşmediğine dair bir inceleme yapılması mümkün değildir. Usule ilişkin bu şartların bazıları, mahkemece re’sen incelenir. İşte bu halde, dava şartı kavramından bahsedilir. Dava şartı kavramı, söz konusu iki özelliği sebebiyle ciddi sorunlara sebebiyet vermektedir. Bu çalışmada, ilk olarak dava şartı kavramının varlık koşulu olarak ortaya çıkan öncelikli incelemenin teorik gerekçelendirmesi yapılmıştır. Ardından Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu’nda açıkça dava şartı sayılan hallerin amacı incelenmiş ve yapılan teorik gerekçelendirmeye uyup uymadığını irdelenmiştir. Son bölümde dava şartı kavramının mahkemece nasıl inceleneceği üzerinde durulup hak arama özgürlüğüyle ilişkisi, numerus clausus olup olmadığı ve inceleme zamanı hakkında tespitlerde bulunulmuştur.
Open Access
Turkish-American military cooperation and transformation of Turkish army in the early Cold War, 1947-1950
(2024-09) Tokatlı, Fatih
This dissertation documents the start and evolution of U.S. military assistance to Turkey from 1947 to 1950 and then analyzes the impact of U.S. military assistance especially on Turkish Army in organizational, doctrinal as well as in social and political dimensions. It especially focuses on how and to what extent Turkish military doctrine, especially Turkish Army’s tactical doctrine has changed after 1947. The end result of U.S. military assistance has been that from 1947, Turkish Army has, rather than becoming an effective effective fighting force by mid 1960s, become a better equipped version of itself before 1947 and transformed into a much more resource intensive military preparing to implement “American way of war”. In addition, Turkish focus on adopting US tactical doctrine prevented it from focusing on its own peculiar national needs and designing units to meet such needs. Nevertheless, through many years of training and exchange of information through US military assistance, the groundwork of which was laid from 1947, Turkish military became a potent force which has had a transformational effect on even today’s international security scene. In that sense, US military assistance to Turkey from 1947 has not only been a turning point for Turkey and for U.S.-Turkish relations but for regional and international security as well.
Embargo
The influence of creative space types on the design thinking process
(2024-09) Taleb Yousef Alshawa, Zena
The design thinking process induces innovation and creativity. Modern organizations require designated workspaces to support the design thinking process. Thus, this study provides experimental evidence on the role of spatial types in influencing the creative design thinking process, namely divergent and convergent thinking. Fifty-nine participants performed divergent and convergent thinking tasks in open or private spaces. Flow state, situational interest, and presence assessed participants' task engagement. The task engagement levels in both spaces were compared using independent sample t-tests. Results revealed that flow state, situational interest, and presence were significantly higher in the open space than in the private space during divergent tasks. During convergent tasks, only situational interest was significantly higher in the private space than in the open space. In addition, results revealed a significant positive correlation between flow state and situational interest, and flow state and presence. Also, results indicated a nonsignificant positive correlation between presence and situational interest. These results contribute to understanding of the physical spaces in impacting the creative design thinking process.
Open Access
Borçlanma aracı sahiplerinin hukuken korunması
(2024-09) Altıntaş, Abdullah
Bu çalışma, Türk hukukunda borçlanma aracı sahiplerini korumaya özgülenen veya borçlanma aracı sahiplerinin korunması bakımından önem arz eden hukuki mekanizmaları incelemiştir. Tezde, borçlanma araçlarına ilişkin terim sorununa dikkat çekilerek kavramın kapsamı belirlenmekte ve borçlanma araçlarının hukuki ve ekonomik niteliği ortaya konulmaktadır. Borçlanma araçları bağlamında ihraççı ile borçlanma aracı sahipleri arasında meydana gelen borç ilişkisinin temelinde TBK m. 18 kapsamında bir soyut borç tanıması bulunmaktadır. Borçlanma araçlarının en temel ihraççısı anonim şirket olup yetkili organın alacağı karar üzere ihraç limiti ve ihraç tavanı kapsamında gerekli işlemlerin yapılmasıyla ihraç süreci tamamlanmaktadır. Borçlanma aracı sahiplerinin korunmasına hizmet eden mekanizmalar, esasen riskin ayarlanması suretiyle risk getiri dengesinin istenen düzeye getirilmesinin araçlarıdır. Bu şekliyle yaklaşıldığında borçlanma aracı sahiplerini koruyan hukuki kurumları sözleşmesel olan ve olmayan şeklinde iki grup altında incelemek mümkündür. Borçlanma aracı sahiplerinin belirli konularda kolektif karar almasına hizmet eden BASK ve kolektif temsiline hizmet eden BAST sözleşmesel olmayan koruma mekanizmalarından olup çalışmada ayrıntılı olarak incelenmiştir. SPKn m. 31/B ve TYS Tebliği, borçlanma araçlarından doğan yükümlülüklerin tam ve zamanında yerine getirilmesini temin etmek amacıyla özgün bir teminat sistemi öngörmektedir. Üçüncü kişi yararına sözleşme niteliğinde olan TYS kapsamında teminata konu unsurların teminat yöneticisine sağlanması ile ortaya çıkan reel teminat yapısı trust olarak değerlendirilebilmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra borçlanma aracı sahiplerinin karşılaştığı risklerin farklılaştırılmasına ve kurumsal yönetime katılmasına olanak sağlayan taahhütler ve diğer sözleşmesel nitelikteki koruma mekanizmaları da mercek altına alınmıştır.
Open Access
Türkiye’de modernitenin çözülmesi: Latife Tekin’in romanlarında risk toplumu
(2024-09) Aydınlı, Gülnihal
Latife Tekin, kaleme aldığı eserlerinde birçok toplumsal meseleyi derinlikli ve istikrarlı biçimde işlemesi dolayısıyla yoksulluk, ekoloji, feminizm gibi çeşitli alanlarda araştırmalara konu olmuştur. Bununla birlikte onun doğa, yoksulluk, toplumsal cinsiyet, birey ve toplum üzerinde kurguladığı hikaye baştan sona tutarlı bir bütün olarak ele alınabilir. Bu tez, Tekin’in eserlerinde kurguladığı hikayenin Ulrich Beck’in önerdiği risk toplumu teorisiyle birlikte düşünülebileceğini öne sürecektir. Bu doğrultuda Tekin’in Sevgili Arsız Ölüm (1983) ve Berci Kristin Çöp Masalları (1984) romanları, Manves City (2018) ve Sürüklenme (2018) romanlarıyla karşılaştırmalı biçimde okunacak ve eserlerin Beck’in teorisine paralel şekilde sanayi toplumundan risk toplumuna geçişi sürecini izlediği görülecektir. İlk iki roman toplumun sanayileşmesini ve modernleşmeyle tanışmasını ele alırken son iki romanı ise sanayileşme ve modernleşmenin yakın dönemdeki sonuçlarını yansıtmaktadır. Latife Tekin, sözü geçen romanlarının tamamında ekolojik, ekonomik ve toplumsal dönüşümleri izler. Benzer şekilde Ulrich Beck de modern sanayi toplumunun risk toplumuna dönüşümünde ekolojik ve ekonomik dönüşümlerin ve bireyselleşmenin altını çizer. Bu yüzden çalışmada Tekin’in eserleri ekoloji, yoksulluk ve bireyselleşme olmak üzere üç ana bölümde incelenecek, bölümlerde eserler ve risk toplumu teorisi arasındaki ortaklıklar izlenecektir. Bunun yanında, Tekin’in eserlerini verdiği sosyo-kültürel ortamı çerçevelemek için her bölümün altında Türkiye’nin durumu da ele alınacaktır. Metinler üzerinde gerçekleştirilen yakın okuma vasıtasıyla Tekin’in Sevgili Arsız Ölüm, Berci Kristin Çöp Masalları, Manves City ve Sürüklenme romanlarının ışığında Türkiye’de sanayileşmenin başlangıcından bugüne ekolojik, ekonomik ve sosyal bakımdan nasıl dönüşümler yaşadığı izlenecek ve bu dönüşümlerin risk toplumu teorisiyle ilişkisi sorulacaktır.
Open Access
Charting the divine and the worldly: a comparative analysis of representation of religious symbolism in maps across the Medieval Mediterranean
(2024-09) Çakır, Onuralp
This thesis explores the use of religious symbolism in medieval Mediterranean cartography, comparing Islamic, Christian, and Jewish mapping traditions. By focusing on key works such as the Tabula Rogeriana, Catalan Atlas, and Book of Curiosities, it demonstrates how maps reflected both geographic knowledge and religious expression, culminating in sacred spatial representations. The study reveals how cross-cultural exchanges in the Mediterranean shaped symbolic depictions of sacred geography, leading to the development of distinct cartographic traditions. This comparative analysis underscores the role of maps in conveying religious and cultural identity during the Middle Ages, highlighting the interconnectedness of the Mediterranean.
Open Access
What determines positive attitudes toward refugees and why? Comparing Türkiye and Germany in response to post-2011 forced migration crisis based on the context of value change and institutional trust
(2024-09) Erden, Veysel Yiğit
This study aims to provide empirical evidence in exploring the determinants of creating positive attitudes toward refugees and the reason behind this by responding the question: ‘Under what conditions do communities with migration experience in refugee-receiving states become more open toward accepting more refugees, and why?’. This research seeks answers to this question by testing two hypotheses: (i) post-materialist, cooperative, inclusive and egalitarian norms within the population may serve as an effective strategy for fostering a more welcoming attitude towards refugees and mitigating xenophobic sentiments and (ii) well-functioning migration governance based on the high-level of institutional and regulatory capacity of host countries and the ability to foster institutional trust within the resident communities are anticipated to play a crucial role in shaping a positive attitude towards refugees. Even though findings obtained under this research did not produce any significant result for supporting or falsifying the first hypothesis which aims to examine the impact of change in value preferences on attitudes toward refugees, this research found that regulatory and institution of host countries and institutional trust toward them among people matter in shaping people’s attitudes toward acceptance of further refugees in a positive way.
Open Access
The politics of (non) retrenchment in two most different cases: a comparative analysis of societal response in France and Türkiye between 1980-2018
(2024-09) Uslu, Sıla
The neoliberalism brings the notion of welfare state retrenchment into discussion that is followed by welfare state transformation. This thesis compares France and Türkiye’s welfare states after the neoliberal revolution of the 1980s. It argues that both states avoided retrenchment because of the existence of a causal mechanism that is societal response thar also has a root cause that is familization. The thesis adopts most different systems design (MDSD). It identifies similarities in two dissimilar cases to establish the causal mechanism that produces similar outcomes, namely, non-retrenchment. France is a continental-European welfare state that had a developed welfare state at the time and is regarded as most resilient to change, whereas Türkiye is a Southern European welfare that is not developed but emerging. Therefore, the thesis analyzes France and Türkiye’s as most different cases’ responses to neoliberal pressures for fiscal retrenchment to determine the common characteristics that produce similar outcomes. Causal analysis is used to investigate the relationship between cause and outcome. The empirical analysis uses social expenditure (SOCX) as the quantitative data source and analyzes policy paradigms between 1980- 2018. The thesis identifies that even though France and Türkiye are significantly different cases, the legitimacy of the incumbent party for citizens is quintessential in policymaking, which is the causal mechanism. The role of the family as a structural constraint is seen through familization and its resistance to the changes that would weaken the family. The established gender and intergenerational roles within a family create the societal response to the retrenchment in social welfare. The trilemma of state-family-market is visible in both cases, with the mere strong state and family that retains family as a structural constraint.
Open Access
Neglected narratives: the absence of Ottoman migration in Argentine historiography
(2024-09) Çolak, Özlem Sultan
During the course of the 19th and 20th centuries, Argentina underwent a period of swift economic expansion and advancement, leading to the emergence of a robust need for both skilled and unskilled workforce. Simultaneously, considerable numbers of people left the Ottoman Empire due to political unrest, financial struggles, and discrimination based on ethnicity and religion. While a multitude of migrants made their way to Argentina from diverse regions globally, the specific encounters and journeys of those originating from the Ottoman Empire have frequently been neglected in the historical accounts of Argentina. Intending to respond to this issue, the study sought to examine the diverse and fragmented communities that were formed through Ottoman migration, analyzing how these communities dealt with the preservation of their cultural roots while also facing the challenges of assimilating into Argentine society. Ottoman migrants, such as Armenians, Syrians, and Lebanese, stood out from European immigrants because of the evident differences in their ethnicity, religion, and language. The wide range of differences among Ottoman migrants resulted in the formation of separate and frequently secluded societies, causing the overall journey of these individuals to be challenging to identify as a cohesive historical occurrence.