Browsing by Subject "Terror"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8

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Arguments; The Politics of Terror
(1973) Jay, Martin
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Çatışmalar arasında bir ada: Kıbrıs
(Bilkent University, 2022) Türkoğlu, Kaan; Dilli, Emir Şahin; Öner, Pelin; Ekinci, İlkay; Balaban, Hüseyin Emre
19.yüzyıl itibariyle Osmanlı’nın hakimiyetini kaybettiği Kıbrıs adası İngiltere’nin yönetimine girdi. Fakat ada halkının önemli bir çoğunluğunu oluşturan Rumlar tarafından Kıbrıs’ın Yunanistan hakimiyeti altına girmesi isteniyordu. Bu durumun üzerine Rumlar İngiltere ile diplomatik yollarla anlaşmayı denediler. İstekleri yerine getirilmediğinde ise Kıbrıs’ı tamamen bir Yunan adası yapma hedefiyle çeşitli yollara başvurdular. İngiltere’ye karşı kurulan ancak sonrasında Kıbrıs’ta yaşayan Türk halkını hedef alan terör örgütlerine karşı gerek İngiltere’nin gerekse Türkiye’nin müdahalesi sonucunda Kıbrıs’ta çatışmalar baş gösterdi. Kıbrıslı Rumların Türklere karşı olan saldırgan tutumları sebebiyle Türk ve Rum kesimleri arasında yıllar sürecek olan çatışmaların temeli atılmış oldu. Kıbrıs Türklerinin Güney kesimden Kuzey kesime göç etmelerine neden olan Kanlı Noel Saldırısı’nın 1963’te patlak vermesiyle birlikte Kıbrıs’ın kaderi kesin olarak değişti. Türklerin Güney’den Kuzey’e zorunlu göçü ve Rumların sürdürdüğü saldırgan tutum sebebiyle yıllar süren şiddetli çatışmalar Kıbrıslı Türklerin yaşantısını bütünüyle değiştirdi. Kıbrıs olayları dönemin gazete haberlerinin de işaret ettiği üzere dünya siyasetinde de büyük bir etki bıraktı. Özellikle Türkiye’nin dış politikasını birçok açıdan şekillendirdi.
Open Access
Cognitive and emotional representations of terror attacks: a cross-cultural exploration
(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, 2007) Shiloh, S.; Güvenç, G.; Önkal D.
A questionnaire measuring cognitive and affective representations of terror risk was developed and tested in Turkey and Israel. Participants in the study were university students from the two countries (n = 351). Four equivalent factors explained terror risk cognitions in each sample: costs, vulnerability, trust, and control. A single negative emotionality factor explained the affective component of terror risk representations in both samples. All factors except control could be measured reliably. Results supported the validity of the questionnaire by showing expected associations between cognitions and emotions, as well as indicating gender differences and cultural variations. Current findings are discussed in relation to previous results, theoretical approaches, and practical implications.
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Mardin'in Nusaybin ilçesindeki sosyal ve kültürel yapının kadınların sosyal hayatına etkisi
(Bilkent University, 2024) Erman, Bahar; Arslan, Yankı; Altıkardeş, Barış; Kaleli, Sedef; Muhtaranlar, Rutkay
Bu araştırma, Mardin’in Nusaybin ilçesinde sosyal ve kültürel yapının kadınların sosyal hayatına etkisini, özellikle Altıkardeş ailesinin bakış açısından değerlendirmeyi hedef almıştır. Mardin’in 1984-1994 yıllarına ait yerel gazete manşetleri, bölgedeki terör, kadın sorunu ve genel iç karışıklığı hakkında makaleler ve Altıkardeş aile bireyleriyle yapılan röportajlar kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Mardin’de oluşmuş gelenekler ve bu gelenekleri oluşturan unsurlar göz önünde bulundurularak aile ve aşiret yapısı ve bölgedeki terörün kadınlara olan etkisi incelenmiştir. İlk olarak Güneydoğu Anadolu’nun ekonomik, demografik ve sosyo kültürel yapısı incelenmiş ve bu bağlamda Mardin’de ekonomik, toplumsal ve kültürel yapının toplumun geleneklerinin şekillenmesinde oynadığı rol analiz edilmiştir. Bu konu özelinde ağırlıklı olarak T.C Aile Araştırma Kurumu Başkanlığı’nın yazılarından faydalanılmıştır. Ardından bölgedeki aile ve aşiret yapılanmasının kadınlara olan etkisi dönemin gazete haberleriyle birlikte; İsmet Altıkardeş, Ahmet Doğmuşöz ve Sevim Karadavut ile yapılan röportajların yardımıyla yorumlanmıştır. Bu yapılanma, özellikle kadınların aile içinde benimsediği rol, erken yaşta evlilik, aile içi şiddet ve gelir eşitsizliği gibi konular göz önünde bulundurularak incelenmiştir. Ek olarak bölgede artan terörün kadınların günlük hayatına etkisi, Mardin özelinde yazılan araştırma makalelerinden faydalanılarak irdelenmiştir. Bu araştırma, Mardin’de sosyal ve kültürel yapıya derinlemesine bir bakış sunmayı amaçlamıştır ve bölgedeki kadınların yaşadığı zorluklara ışık tutmuştur.
Open Access
Struggle over Macedonia : Florina 1906, according to the records of Rumeli Inspectorship
(2003) Kayalar, Anıl
The Macedonian Question was one of the diplomatic problems that statesmen and the international public opinion were mostly concerned with at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century. The expansionist and irredentist desires of the Balkan states Greece, Serbia, and especially Bulgaria lay at the core of the problem.These states encouraged, and even organised terrorist activities in Macedonia. The Great Powers-Austria-Hungary, Russia, Great Britain, France, Germany, and Italy-, meanwhile, viewed the issue in terms of their own political and economic interests. These powers, while supporting this or that Balkan state in various ways and pressurising the Sublime Porte to conduct reforms so as to improve the lives of Christian communities in the European lands of the empire, also wanted the Ottoman Empire to preserve its territorial integrity. Under these circumstances, during the first decade of the twentieth century life in Macedonia was highlighted by anarchy, terror, insecurity and disorder. This thesis deals with certain aspects of the Macedonian Question. The activities of the influence agents of the states that considered Macedonia within their national boundaries and aspired to annex the land, and put forth claims accordingly, such as the bands of Macedo-Bulgarian organisations or the Greek bands, are studied. In addition, the Greek and Bulgarian activities in the kaza of Florina, which is in the vilayet of Manastır, in 1906 are examined in particular with reference to the documents of Rumeli Inspectorship; attempting to construct a micro-history of the region.
Open Access
Transnational terrorism under structural realism
(2003) Sarı, Burcu
This thesis aims to analyze the concept of terrorism under the impact of international structure. For that purpose, first, the concept of terrorism is compared with other types of violence and its common characteristics were defined. Second, terrorism is classified and historical examples were given accordingly. Third, terrorist organizations were assessed as smart mechanisms that are able to learn and adapt into the conditions in which they subsist. Last, it is highlighted that in the development of terrorist organizations, besides their internal dynamics, states’ tendency to cheat plays a crucial role. Terrorist organizations make use of the feeling of uncertainty and grow stronger out of the states’ rivalry. In the end, they emerge as secondary actors. As units interacting in the international system, the behaviors of terrorist organizations are also shaped and shoved by the structure. They both affect and become subject to the impact of structure. The impacts of the new actor on the international system were evaluated according to the basic principles of Structural Realism. As a result, it is concluded that since structural factors plays a crucial role in the emergence of terrorism, as long as the structure endures, terrorism will also persist. Therefore, states should find ways to coexist with terrorism with the possible least hazard.
Open Access
Values and risk perception : a cross-cultural examination
(2008) Güvenç, Gülbanu
The purpose of this thesis is to examine the relationship between individual values and risk perception of terror attacks. This relationship is examined via a study employing university students from Turkey (n = 536) and Israel (n = 298). Those two countries share an ongoing threat of terror attacks, but differ in their socio-cultural backgrounds. Schwartz Value Theory (1992; 1994) is used to conceptualize and measure values. Cognitive and emotional responses about (1) potentially being exposed to a terror attack, and (2) a terror attack potentially occurring in the country are assessed to measure risk perception. Results partly support the hypotheses by showing expected associations of values with risk perception, as well as indicating gender differences and cultural variations. The more importance the Turkish and Israeli participants attribute to self-direction values, the less emotional they feel about the threat of being exposed to a terror attack. However, the greater priority they attribute to security values, the more negative affect they express about both threats. Furthermore, the more importance they give to hedonism & stimulation values, the less likely they perceive the likelihood of both threats. Current findings are discussed in relation to previous results, theoretical approaches, and practical implications.
Open Access
Values and risk perceptions: a cross-cultural examination
(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, 2013) Kaptan, G.; Shiloh, S.; Önkal, D.
This article examines the relationship between values and risk perceptions regarding terror attacks. The participants in the study are university students from Turkey (n = 536) and Israel (n = 298). Schwartz value theory (1992, 1994) is applied to conceptualize and measure values. Cognitive (perceived likelihood and perceived severity) and emotional (fear, helplessness, anger, distress, insecurity, hopelessness, sadness, and anxiety) responses about the potential of (i) being personally exposed to a terror attack, and (ii) a terror attack that may occur in one's country are assessed to measure risk perceptions. Comparison of the two groups suggests that the Turkish participants are significantly more emotional about terror risks than the Israeli respondents. Both groups perceive the risk of a terror attack that may occur in their country more likely than the risk of being personally exposed to a terror attack. No significant differences are found in emotional representations and perceived severity ratings regarding these risks. Results provide support for the existence of a link between values and risk perceptions of terror attacks. In both countries, self-direction values are negatively related to emotional representations, whereas security values are positively correlated with emotions; hedonism and stimulation values are negatively related to perceived likelihood. Current findings are discussed in relation to previous results, theoretical approaches (the social amplification of risk framework and cultural theory of risk), and practical implications (increasing community support for a course of action, training programs for risk communicators). © 2012 Society for Risk Analysis.