Browsing by Subject "Emotion"

Now showing 1 - 17 of 17

Open Access
Ambivalence for cognitivists: a lesson from chrysippus?
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2017) Wringe, B.
Ambivalence—where we experience two conflicting emotional responses to the same object, person or state of affairs—is sometimes thought to pose a problem for cognitive theories of emotion. Drawing on the ideas of the Stoic Chrysippus, I argue that a cognitivist can account for ambivalence without retreating from the view that emotions involve fully-fledged evaluative judgments. It is central to the account I offer that emotions involve two kinds of judgment: one about the object of emotion, and one about the subject's response.
Open Access
Classification of human motion based on affective state descriptors
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2013) Cimen, G.; Ilhan, H.; Capin, T.; Gurcay, H.
Human body movements and postures carry emotion-specific information. On the basis of this motivation, the objective of this study is to analyze this information in the spatial and temporal structure of the motion capture data and extract features that are indicative of certain emotions in terms of affective state descriptors. Our contribution comprises identifying the directly or indirectly related descriptors to emotion classification in human motion and conducting a comprehensive analysis of these descriptors (features) that fall into three different categories: posture descriptors, dynamic descriptors, and frequency-based descriptors in order to measure their performance with respect to predicting the affective state of an input motion. The classification results demonstrate that no single category is sufficient by itself; the best prediction performance is achieved when all categories are combined. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Open Access
Cognitive and emotional representations of terror attacks: a cross-cultural exploration
(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, 2007) Shiloh, S.; Güvenç, G.; Önkal D.
A questionnaire measuring cognitive and affective representations of terror risk was developed and tested in Turkey and Israel. Participants in the study were university students from the two countries (n = 351). Four equivalent factors explained terror risk cognitions in each sample: costs, vulnerability, trust, and control. A single negative emotionality factor explained the affective component of terror risk representations in both samples. All factors except control could be measured reliably. Results supported the validity of the questionnaire by showing expected associations between cognitions and emotions, as well as indicating gender differences and cultural variations. Current findings are discussed in relation to previous results, theoretical approaches, and practical implications.
Open Access
Color‐emotion associations in interiors
(Wiley, 2020-02) Güneş, E.; Olguntürk, Nilgün
Emotional reactions to red, green, blue, and gray colors in a living room were investigated using a self‐report measure. Participants first watched a short video of a 3D model of a living room. Next, they were asked to match the living rooms with facial expressions of six basic emotions. The most stated emotions associated for the red room were disgust and happiness, while the least stated emotions were sadness, fear, anger, and surprise; for the green room, neutral and happiness were the most stated emotions, and anger, surprise, fear, and sadness were the least stated ones; for the blue room, neutral was the most stated emotion, while the least stated emotions were anger and surprise. Neutral, disgust, and sadness were the most stated emotions for the gray room. Gender differences were not found in human emotional reactions to living rooms with different wall colors.
Open Access
Colour, emotion, and behavioral intentions in city hotel guestrooms
(John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2021-10-25) Bilal, Selin Yar; Aslanoğlu, Rengin; Olguntürk, Nilgün
This study explores the effects of colours on people's emotional states and behavioral intentions in a real-world city hotel guestroom. For this study, blue, yellow, and gray were selected. According to literature, when it is desired to make a change on colour scheme in hotel rooms, the alteration should be applied to secondary colour while keeping the dominant colour constant. Thus, in this study, the alterations of colour scheme are only applied to bedspread and pillows fabrics. As results indicate, blue and yellow are associated with pleasure and arousal, whereas the gray colour evokes displeasure and no arousal. Yellow and blue are found to cause approach behavior in terms of customer loyalty, while the colour gray is found to cause avoidance behavior in city hotel guestrooms. There is a positive relationship between both pleasure and approach behavior and between arousal and approach behavior. The results can be useful for interior architects, designers, and hoteliers who emphasize touching guests' emotions and increasing approach behavior by creating favorable colour schemes. This study combines colour, emotion, and behavioral intentions in hospitality context which plays an essential role in filling gap in the literature about the effects of colour in a hospitality context.
Open Access
Colour-emotion associations in interior spaces
(2011) Helvacıoğlu, Elif
Colour as an effective design tool influences people’s emotions in interior spaces. Depending on the assumption that colour has an impact on human psychology, this study stresses the need for further studies that comprise colour and emotion association in interior space in order to provide healthier spaces for inhabitants. Emotional reactions to colour in a living room were investigated by using self report measure. Pure red, green and blue were chosen to be investigated as chromatic colours, whereas gray was the achromatic colour used as a control variable. The study was conducted at Bilkent University in Ankara, Turkey. Hundred and eighty people from various ages and academic departments participated in the study. Participants first watched a short video showing an overlook of a 3D model of a living room. Next, they were asked to match the distinct coloured living rooms with facial expressions of six basic emotions that covers anger, disgust, surprise, happiness, fear, sadness and in addition with neutral. The results of the study indicated that the most stated emotions associated for the room with red walls were disgust and happiness, while the least stated emotions were sadness, fear, anger, and surprise. Neutral and happiness were the most stated emotions for the room with green walls and anger, surprise, fear and sadness were the least stated ones. The most stated emotion associated for the room with blue walls was neutral, while the least stated emotions were anger and surprise. Neutral, disgust and sadness were the most stated emotions for the room with gray walls. Gender differences were not found in human emotional reactions to living rooms with different wall colours.
Open Access
Combinatorial reductions between graph partitioning by vertex separator and hypergraph partitioning problems for parallel and scientific computing applications
(2009) Kayaaslan, Enver
Colour as an effective design tool influences people’s emotions in interior spaces. Depending on the assumption that colour has an impact on human psychology, this study stresses the need for further studies that comprise colour and emotion association in interior space in order to provide healthier spaces for inhabitants. Emotional reactions to colour in a living room were investigated by using self report measure. Pure red, green and blue were chosen to be investigated as chromatic colours, whereas gray was the achromatic colour used as a control variable. The study was conducted at Bilkent University in Ankara, Turkey. Hundred and eighty people from various ages and academic departments participated in the study. Participants first watched a short video showing an overlook of a 3D model of a living room. Next, they were asked to match the distinct coloured living rooms with facial expressions of six basic emotions that covers anger, disgust, surprise, happiness, fear, sadness and in addition with neutral. The results of the study indicated that the most stated emotions associated for the room with red walls were disgust and happiness, while the least stated emotions were sadness, fear, anger, and surprise. Neutral and happiness were the most stated emotions for the room with green walls and anger, surprise, fear and sadness were the least stated ones. The most stated emotion associated for the room with blue walls was neutral, while the least stated emotions were anger and surprise. Neutral, disgust and sadness were the most stated emotions for the room with gray walls. Gender differences were not found in human emotional reactions to living rooms with different wall colours.
Open Access
Cross-cultural regularities in the cognitive architecture of pride
(National Academy of Sciences, 2017) Sznycer, D.; Al-Shawaf, L.; Bereby-Meyer, Y.; Curry, O. S.; De Smet, D.; Ermer, E.; Kim, S.; Li, N. P.; Lopez Seal, M. F.; McClung, J.; O, Jiaqing; Ohtsubo, Y.; Quillien, T.; Schaub, M.; Sell, A.; Van Leeuwen, F.; Cosmides, L.; Tooby, J.
Pride occurs in every known culture, appears early in development, is reliably triggered by achievements and formidability, and causes a characteristic display that is recognized everywhere. Here, we evaluate the theory that pride evolved to guide decisions relevant to pursuing actions that enhance valuation and respect for a person in the minds of others. By hypothesis, pride is a neurocomputational program tailored by selection to orchestrate cognition and behavior in the service of: (i) motivating the costeffective pursuit of courses of action that would increase others' valuations and respect of the individual, (ii) motivating the advertisement of acts or characteristics whose recognition by others would lead them to enhance their evaluations of the individual, and (iii) mobilizing the individual to take advantage of the resulting enhanced social landscape. To modulate how much to invest in actions that might lead to enhanced evaluations by others, the pride system must forecast the magnitude of the evaluations the action would evoke in the audience and calibrate its activation proportionally. We tested this prediction in 16 countries across 4 continents (n = 2,085), for 25 acts and traits. As predicted, the pride intensity for a given act or trait closely tracks the valuations of audiences, local (mean r = +0.82) and foreign (mean r = +0.75). This relationship is specific to pride and does not generalize to other positive emotions that coactivate with pride but lack its audience-recalibrating function.
Open Access
Disgust sensitivity relates to attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women across 31 nations
(Sage Publications Ltd., 2021-11-26) Van Leeuwen, F.; Inbar, Y.; Petersen, M. B.; Aarøe, L.; Barclay, P.; Barlow, F. K.; de Barra, M.; Becker, D. V.; Borovoi, L.; Choi, J.; Consedine, N. S.; Conway, J. R.; Conway, P.; Adoric, V. C.; Demirci, Dilara Ekin; Fernández, A. M.; Ferreira, D. C. S.; Ishii, K.; Jakšić, I.; Ji, T.; Jonaityte, I.; Lewis, D. M. G.; Li, N. P.; McIntyre, J. C.; Mukherjee, S.; Park, J. H.; Pawlowski, B.; Pizarro, D.; Prokop, P.; Prodromitis, G.; Rantala, M. J.; Reynolds, L. M.; Sandin, B.; Sevi, Barış; Srinivasan, N.; Tewari, S.; Yong, J. C.; Žeželj, I.; Tybur, J. M.
Previous work has reported a relation between pathogen-avoidance motivations and prejudice toward various social groups, including gay men and lesbian women. It is currently unknown whether this association is present across cultures, or specific to North America. Analyses of survey data from adult heterosexuals (N = 11,200) from 31 countries showed a small relation between pathogen disgust sensitivity (an individual-difference measure of pathogen-avoidance motivations) and measures of antigay attitudes. Analyses also showed that pathogen disgust sensitivity relates not only to antipathy toward gay men and lesbians, but also to negativity toward other groups, in particular those associated with violations of traditional sexual norms (e.g., prostitutes). These results suggest that the association between pathogen-avoidance motivations and antigay attitudes is relatively stable across cultures and is a manifestation of a more general relation between pathogen-avoidance motivations and prejudice towards groups associated with sexual norm violations.
Open Access
The effect of chromatic and achromatic color schemes on children’s emotions in a preschool classroom
(2016-05) Dalirnaghdeh, Donya
Color is salient design element that can influence people's behaviours and emotions in the interior space, it can also trigger specific physical and psychological responses in human beings. Therefore, its proper use in the interior space can lead to positive outcomes such as creating a healthier environment. In that regard, this research examines the effect of chromatic and achromatic color schemes on color-emotion associations in children in the interior space of a general classroom. The goal of this study is determining whether the responses caused by color are strong enough to create a positive or negative emotion in a child. Furthermore, saturation maybe more effective than hue in determining whether a color is calming or exciting, in addition, children prefer brighter and more saturated colors to less saturated ones. In that sense, high and low saturated blue, high and low saturated red as chromatic colors and high and low saturated grey and white were selected as achromatic colors. This study was conducted on eighty preschool children with 5 years of age, from two private preschools in Ankara, Turkey. Photographic simulations were used as the tool to create different views of the classrooms and the children were asked to match each view to one facial expression representing anger, sadness, neutral and happiness. The results indicated that classrooms with high saturated blue, low saturated red and white as the wall colors elicited positive emotions in the child while the rest were associated with either negative emotions or no emotions at all.
Open Access
The effects of correlated colour temperature on wayfinding performance and emotional reactions
(John Benjamins Publishing, 2018) Süzer, Özge K.; Olguntürk, Nilgün; MacDonald, L.; Biggam, C. P.; Paramei, G. V.
This study investigated travellers’ wayfinding performance according to the correlated colour temperature (CCT) of lighting in a virtual airport environment. In the first phase an experiment was conducted under 3000K (yellowish-white) and 12000K (bluish-white) light. Universal face representations of basic emotions (anger, disgust, neutral, surprise, happiness, fear, sadness) were shown to participants and they were asked to choose a single face. In the second phase, two questionnaires were conducted to identify participants’ level of presence in the virtual environment. Females were significantly more lacking in confidence than males in finding their destination, hesitating more often. The results indicated that participants’ wayfinding performance was better under 12000K, which they also associated with more positive emotion.
Open Access
Emotional responses towards the use of rectilinear, symmetrical curvilinear and asymmetrical curvilinear forms in virtual environments
(2016-07) Örer, Zeyca
The aim of the study is to understand the effect of various forms in designs of interior environments and compare different emotional responses of people towards those environments. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare positive or negative emotional responses of people experiencing interior environments designed by three different forms: rectilinear, symmetrical curvilinear and asymmetrical curvilinear. Twelve virtual interior settings were created according to these forms. A questionnaire involving Mehrabian and Russell’s PAD adjective pairs was utilized to measure emotional responses of 61 volunteer respondents contacted on Balgat Campus of Çankaya University. The results of one way ANOVA tests illustrated that respondents felt more pleasant and aroused in the setting designed with asymmetrical curvilinear forms than other settings. Moreover, men tended to be more aroused in the setting designed with symmetrical curvilinear forms than women.
Open Access
Perception of spatial enclosure as a function of different space boundaries
(2018-07) Elver, Tuğçe
The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between the perception of spaciousness and curvilinear boundaries related to different specific properties of the environment such as size, light, texture and color. This relationship is identified by the aesthetic judgements and emotional responses of the participants through a virtual environment. Study conducted in virtual reality environment and 128 participants participate in this research study. Sixteen different physical property spaces were designed to measure the perception of spaciousness, aesthetic judgement and emotional responses. Each participant was responsible for only one specific property. The survey has included both ranking and open-ended questions for each setting. Specific properties and curved boundary type was found that there was a significant impact on perception of spaciousness as independent of each other. In this direction, aesthetic and emotional researches were analyzed between specific property group and boundary type group. As a result of the study, perception of spaciousness is positively related with the curved boundary types. Also, the result showed that, perception of spaciousness is positively related with the large size, bright light, transverse texture and cool color spaces. Findings on perception of spaciousness was supported with the relevant adjectives of aesthetic judgements and emotional responses.
Open Access
Smell based memory of place and person-space relations
(2022-06) Zengin, Didem
The aim of this study is investigating the recalling process of smell-based memory of place and analyzing the relations between remembered smell perception, emotion, memory associations, place meaning and place bonding. For Smell Memory Diary phase 30 young adults (between age of 20-30) were recruited through snowball method and 15 of the participants volunteered for Online Interviews for the second phase. Instrument design involved Critical Incident Technique and sensory interview methods. By triangulation of two methods, recall process of smell-based memory of places, its relationship with emotions and the role of smell perception on place meaning and place bonding are researched. Thematic analysis of the results suggest that remembered experience of smell affects emotions and memory associations, which result in meaning making process of places and place bonding, depending on the social attributes and physical context of the place. In conclusion, it is possible to create meaningful and memorable places by integrating smell perception into design.
Open Access
Social distance
(Wiley, 2016) Karakayalı, Nedim; Stone, J.; Dennis, R. M.; Rizova, P. S.; Smith, A. D.; Hou, X.
The main idea behind the concept of social distance is that any given social relationship involves elements of “nearness” and “distance.” There is, however, a diversity of ways in which distance is conceptualized as a sociological notion. Most notably, social researchers emphasize the affective (how members of a group feel about “others”), normative (how “us” is distinguished from “them”), interactive (how long and how often people interact with each other) and cultural–habitual (to what extent groups share similar traits) dimensions of social distance. How these different dimensions interact with each other and with other (especially spatial) types of distance is one of the salient areas of research. It is widely noted that, as interactions with “strangers” intensify, norms distinguishing “us” from “them” become increasingly problematic in modern societies, giving way to both more tolerant and xenophobic attitudes. Social distance will remain a significant area of research for contemporary scholars.
Open Access
A survey on the emotional responses of users to building forms: focusing on digitally manipulated curvilinearity
(2021-09) Kara, Naciye
In recent years, computer technologies in architecture have been chiefly changing the form of buildings, as it proposes a novel geometric language and different form-finding methods. It is widely known that computer technologies have enabled the design and construction of curvilinear forms to be more economical and faster than the pre-digitalization period for most cases and helped to design amorphous curvatures. Therefore, curvilinear forms have become more prevalent in architectural discourse and practice. This study approached the subject of digital curvilinearity from the perspective of the user. The aim of this thesis is to measure the emotional responses of the users to curvilinear building forms and compare them with the reactions to rectilinear ones. In order to measure peoples' responses to various building forms, 12 building cases were created, including rectilinear and digital curvilinear forms in this study. An online questionnaire is prepared with the visuals of these various building forms, and the answers are arranged according to Mehrabian and Russell's adjective pairs. 114 respondents voluntarily answered these questions, and the results were evaluated by using SPSS software. The responses of the respondents to rectilinear and curvilinear forms were compared. The results showed that participants' emotional responses were more positive for the digital curvilinear forms proposed compared to conventional rectilinear forms. In addition, there was no significant difference between the participants' emotional reactions to forms that are generated with different form manipulation methods.
Open Access
Visual perception of the built environment in virtual reality: a systematic characterization of human aesthetic experience in spaces with curved boundaries
(American Psychological Association, 2022-07-04) Boz, Tuğçe Elver; Demirkan, Halime; Ürgen, Burcu Ayşe
Visual perception of architectural spaces and human aesthetic experience in these spaces have recently received considerable interest in cognitive science. However, it has been difficult to construe a common understanding of aesthetic experience for architectural space, since different studies use different scales to measure aesthetic experiences. In this interdisciplinary study spanning cognitive science and architecture, we aim to provide an empirically driven systematic characterization of human aesthetic experience and investigate what aspects of the architectural spaces affect aesthetic experience. To this end, we manipulated various architectural variables including the shape of the curvilinear boundaries of architectural spaces as well as their size, light, texture, and color in virtual reality. We then had people evaluate these spaces by exhausting a large list of commonly used scales in the literature and applied principal component analysis to reveal the key dimensions of aesthetic experience. Our findings suggest that human aesthetic experience can be reduced to 3 key dimensions, namely familiarity, excitement, and fascination. Each of these dimensions are differentially affected by the various architectural variables revealing their differences. In sum, our study provides a comprehensive framework to characterize human aesthetic experience in virtual architectural spaces with curved boundaries.