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Item Open Access 3D Labyrinthine-type acoustical metamaterial proposals for sound control in architectural applications(Institute of Noise Control Engineering(INCE), 2019-06) Yazıcı, Beyza; Gül, Zühre SüThe purpose of this research is to develop alternative 3D labyrinthine-type acoustical metamaterials by utilizing 'space-coiling' for sound control in architectural applications. Acoustical metamaterials have a great potential on their application for building and room acoustics due to their extreme properties in sound absorption and transmission. They can be used as an interior partition, an interior surface layer, and also as a design element. They are advantageous in comparison to the traditional acoustical materials such that by tuning their physical properties more hygienic, lighter or thinner alternatives can be produced. In this research, the design ideas of acoustic metamaterials (AMMs) originate from golden ratio (GR) and web labyrinth (WL). In data collection and analysis, both experimental and theoretical methods are used. As a first step, all design alternatives are modelled in 3D, then are printed out by a CNC 3D printer, finally, the AMMs are tested in impedance tube to observe their acoustical properties. Initial results indicate that WL shows good performance in terms of transmission loss and GR has efficiency for sound absorption in low frequency range. Both options are better than Solid sample. The results indicate the potential of designed alternatives and are supportive for future optimization.Item Open Access The aid of colour on spatial navigation: A study in a virtual hospital environment(ACM, 2016) Kumaoğlu, Özge; Olguntürk, NilgünThe aim of this study is to explore the effects of colour as visuo-spatial cue on spatial navigation and developing a cognitive map in elderly in a simulated virtual hospital environment. The study further purports to explore whether it is possible to improve elders' spatial navigation and cognitive mapping performances as well as younger-aged group, by the aid of coloured visuo-spatial cues. © 2016 ACM.Item Open Access Analysing the effects of thermal comfort and indoor air quality in design studios and classrooms on student performance(IOP, 2019) Ranjbar, AliThis study aimed to explore the various effects of different ventilation modes on the thermal comfort and indoor air quality in design education environment. It also investigated the relationship between the ventilation mode and student performance. Thus, an experimental study was conducted in both studio and classroom environments, in Interior Architecture and Environmental Design Department at Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey. CO2 concentration values, indoor air temperature and humidity values as the main parameters of thermal comfort and indoor air quality was measured in both winter and summer seasons under the three modes of ventilation: 1) without opening door and windows mode setting; (2) natural ventilation mode and (3) the HVAC ventilation mode achieved by the TROX school-air unit. Under these three different modes for both attention and concentration levels, 100 students from the winter season, 50 students from summer season for the classroom environment, and 20 students from the winter season, 16 students from summer season for the studio environment participated. Results were calculated in IBM SPSS 21 software separately for both seasons and three different ventilation modes. As a result, the experimental and performance results have shown that the HVAC unit mode achieved the most satisfactory indoor environment in both seasons and higher levels of student performance.Item Open Access Auditory environment in the museums: the case of Erimtan archaeology and arts museum(Institute of Noise Control Engineering(INCE), 2019-06) Yılmazer, Semiha; Orhan, CemreThe aim of this paper is to conduct a qualitative research to clarify the auditory environment in the museums. Research has taken place in the Erimtan Archaeology and Arts Museum which exhibits more than 2000 objects from Yüksel Erimtan’s collection of Anatolian archaeological artifacts. It is located near the main gate of Ankara Castle. While the scale and the façade of the building are connected contextually to its historic environment, the interior provides the contemporary experience to its visitors. Grounded Theory (GT) is used in this paper to create a conceptual framework, and clarify visitors’ perception of the soundscape in the museums. Semi-structured interviews are held with participants who are chosen among the visitors after they tour the museum on their own, until the data reaches theoretical saturation. Constant comparison method is used for analyzing the data and creating a conceptual framework which is compared with previous studies and the ISO 12913-1: 2014. According to the findings, context is determined as one of the core categories similarly to other studies. And some categories differ because of the various function of indoor space.Item Open Access A comparative study on indoor sound quality of the practice rooms upon classical singing trainees' preference(DC/ConfOrg, 2020) Sinal, Özgün; Yılmazer, SemihaIn music schools, indoor sound quality is a necessity since students and trainees are learning and improving their skills by listening to their own instruments or voices. This study investigates how the perceived singing effort influences the singer preferences in individual music practice rooms as it is focused on as well as the optimum reverberation time. Three different room settings were determined according to the amount of reverberation time, consecutively (from dead to live). Data was taken from 30 classical singing trainees using questionnaires at Bilkent University, Faculty of Music. Results have shown that the majority of trainees choose a room setting with 0.8 s RT to practice in.Item Open Access A comparative study on prediction of the indoor soundscape in museums via machine learning(Institute of Noise Control Engineering(INCE), 2019-06) Yılmazer, Semiha; Yılmazer, Cengiz; Acun, VolkanThis paper presents the preliminary findings of a soundscape research, which uses machine learning to make a prediction about human perception for indoor auditory environments. Museums of Çengelhan Rahmi Koc and Erim Tan are selected as the case study settings for data collection. The survey questionnaire basically consisted of three parts which are concerned with identifying the socio-cultural status, the personal tendencies, and evaluation of the physical and auditory environment. Before constructing of grounding the predictive model, data went through analyses to normalize and to eliminate the irrelevant items. Preliminary findings demonstrated how an indoor auditory environment would be perceived based on the individuals’ socio-cultural status, tendencies, preference and expectation from the space and physical elements of the space with together constructing a preliminary grounding model to use Machine / Deep learning algorithm.Item Open Access The complementary use of the parameter-based design structure matrix and the IFC process models for integration in the construction industry(The Design Society, 2010) Pektas, Şule TaşlıItem Open Access Conceptual model for an ICT-enabled educational platform for collaborative design(CRC Press/Balkema, 2015) Şenyapılı, Burcu; Anumba, C.J.Almost all design related practices (architecture, architectural engineering, interior architecture/design, landscape architecture, urban design, industrial design, fashion and visual communication design) heavily depend on collaboration between colleagues from the same or different disciplines. However, practitioners who collaborate in practice, seldom have the opportunity to collaborate during design education. Having the opportunity to collaborate on educational design projects and acquiring collaboration skills and experience during design education should contribute to the quality and efficiency of future professional collaborations. Recent advancements in information and communication technologies have enabled collaboration during the process of the design studio, especially between geographically dispersed parties, but initiating and establishing such collaboration opportunities depends on the parties' singular efforts. This paper reviews previous and ongoing efforts at introducing multi-disciplinary collaborative design studios in Turkey and the USA and proposes a conceptual model for an online collaboration network that aims at promoting and facilitating collaboration among design schools and design instructors/students/ researchers. The network, establishing an educational platform for collaborative design (EPCOD) is intended to comprise a digital pool of design projects, enabling potentials of design collaboration for students from the same or different disciplines. It is designed to be accessible to all design schools all over the world, forming a specific and rich platform for design education. The role of current and emerging information and communication technologies in facilitating the proposed network-based collaboration is also discussed. © 2015 Taylor & Francis Group.Item Open Access Effect of area on color harmony in simulated interiors(Society for Imaging Science & Technology, 2017) Odabaşıoğlu, Seden; Olguntürk, NilgünItem Open Access The effect of soundscape on the students' perception in the high school environment(Institute of Noise Control Engineering, 2016) Çankaya, Sıla; Yılmazer, SemihaIn 2014, ISO 12913-1 standard was established for the conceptual soundscape framework to assess soundscape studies. According to this framework, soundscape process includes the examination of acoustic environment and its sound sources, and their influences on the humans' auditory sensation, as to react that, humans' interpretation of auditory sensation, responses and outcomes. Aim of the study is to create this conceptual soundscape framework in high-school environment and to examine the effect of soundscape on the students' perception. The study was conducted in two spaces as classroom and computer laboratory with 30 students in Bilkent High School; Ankara. To understand acoustic environment, in-situ measurements were conducted. Moreover, semi-structure interview results were evaluated to understand the students' perception of soundscape. Generated conceptual framework revealed different relations between students' perception and sound preferences. Students mostly expect to hear speech in classroom whilst computer fan sound in computer laboratory. Moreover, the most positive sound sources are birds singing in classroom whilst laughter in computer laboratory. Speech is found as most negative sound source in both spaces. Students responded these sound sources with positive approaches such as promoting the relaxation, interaction and with negative approaches such as distraction and annoyance. © 2016, German Acoustical Society (DEGA). All rights reserved.Item Open Access Efficiency of sound energy decay analysis in auditoria(Institute of Acoustics, 2023-09) Xiang, N.; Gül, Zühre SüRecent auditorium acoustics practice has included coupled-volume systems in several performing arts venues. This has stimulated research activities on acoustics in the coupled-volume systems. Based on experimentally measured room impulse responses acquired from existing auditoria, and several historically significant worship spaces, this paper addresses the challenges of analysing single-slope and multiple-slope sound energy decays often encountered in the experimentally measured room impulse responses in these venues. The analysis engages a parametric model of Schroeder decay functions, that decomposes the Schroeder decay data into single or multiple exponential decays along with a noise term. The model has been well validated using many experimental data. Several advanced analysis methods based on the decay model, such as nonlinear regressions, Bayesian probabilistic inference, and artificial neural networks have emerged to cope with analysis challenges raised in auditorium acoustics practice. This paper discusses conditions of implementing Schroeder integration for a higher efficiency of the numerical analysis and clarifies some unreasonable expectations/interpretations of Schroeder decay data. © 2023 Institute of Acoustics. All rights reserved.Item Open Access An experimental study on speech interference in public leisure spaces(Institute of Noise Control Engineering, 2010) Yilmazer, Semiha; Gezginer, Pelin MeriçPhysical comfort requirements of users in the non-acoustical spaces, leisure space, and usability of the space in long-term period should be taken into consideration in terms of sustainability of the space. The aim of this study is to investigate the speech interference of users' in an openplaned public leisure space. Bilkent Rollhouse was chosen as a leisure space because of its variance of activities in an open-plan like bowling, dart, billiards, play station and dining area. In this respect, a questionnaire was prepared to check the perception of sound of different user types in the area. The questionnaires were applied at the most crowded day of the week that is Friday and in between 18:00 to 21:00. The results of the survey were evaluated statistically. In addition to this, the equivalent continuous noise level, Leq, of the leisure space were taken in parallel to the questionnaire application to the users. Measuring of speech intelligibility via articulation index (AI) subjectively was the second phase of this study. Via application of the word list to the normal hearing users, the AI contours were prepared. Finally, objective and subjective measurements were analyzed in terms of speech interference during leisure activity in the space. As a leisure space, the relation between noise annoyance ratings and Leq did not show any significant difference in dart, billiards and play stations activities. However, in bowling activity and dining area, it was found that there is a significant relation between noise annoyance and Leq. This study reveals that users submit ambient noise of the space during leisure activity, they get in a common behaviour psychologically, they adjust their vocal noise that they create and finally these issues lead controlling of ambient noise by them. It means that users give up loudly speaking, they accept repeating or silence, focus on meal and they do not like getting in uncomfortable situation since their main activity is dining. For further study, the number of the samples in not only different leisure spaces, but also measurement points and sampling times should be increased to make clear hypothesis given above, since the study reveals completely different behaviour that is introduced in literature like cocktail party effect phenomenon.Item Open Access A graph based approach to estimating lexical cohesion(ACM, 2008) Gürkök, Hayrettin; Karamuftuoglu, Murat; Schaal, MarkusTraditionally, information retrieval systems rank documents according to the query terms they contain. However, even if a document may contain all query terms, this does not guarantee that it is relevant to the query. The query terms can occur together in the same document, but may have been used in different contexts, expressing separate topics. Lexical cohesion is a characteristic of natural language texts, which can be used to determine whether the query terms are used in the same context in the document. In this paper we make use of a graph-based approach to capture term contexts and estimate the level of lexical cohesion in a document. To evaluate the performance of our system, we compare it against two benchmark systems using three TREC document collections. Copyright 2008 ACM.Item Open Access How science communication delivers meaningful frameworks about Industry 4.0 to the public sphere(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2020) Becerir, Murat Can; Peschke, Lutz; Durakbasa, N.; Gençyılmaz, M.With the emergence of new media and interactive media technologies, the mediatized transformative process began. Specifically within the science communication context, the way we perceive issues transformed drastically. With the mediatization of forms of understanding and literacy, the public perception towards many topics, including environmental sciences has gained recognition. This research paper will be focusing on the connection between Industry 4.0 and science communication. By making a valuable contribution to the communication process through constructing a bridge between the industry and the general public, science communication provides a smooth and effective transition of mutually beneficial relationships. This paper concentrates upon the notion of sustainability and its relevance to the industrial revolution, which is also known as Industry 4.0. The paper will be exploring the ways in which how humanity can stay within the safe operating limits with the existing technology and resources. By taking into consideration the notion of sustainability, the paper will attempt to discover possible ways that how people can construct their discourse on the big framework where everything is interconnected to one another. By meaning, Industry 4.0 indicates the connection between automation, computers, smart technologies and the cloud system in which the flow of information has increased in unprecedented levels. Since Industry 4.0 is already happening and has an immense impact on our lives, science communication plays a big part in generating the accessible and relatable message of the implications regarding the age of Industry 4.0. From the automobile industry to the electronic products that we use every day, the majority of the markets use renewable energy in order to lower the costs of production and increase their profits. A disruption in the sustainable development of any given society may cause irreparable damages which can result in colossal economic and political instability. Hence, science communication plays a vital role in terms of providing an understanding of possible pros and cons regarding the practices of the industrialists and the business world. Since it can be quite hard to comprehend the full scale of the consequences of technical occupations and practices, science communication will be the vanguard in terms of constructing a meaningful framework for the general society. This paper will explore what might happen in the lack of understanding of sustainability in Industry 4.0 through renewable energy consumption. Particularly, how a situation looks like when a country experiences a huge setback for its economy, massive loss of life and property in an unsettled global economy. What kind of a scenario would people witness with a disruption in one part of the world, in a world of interconnected production of supply chains that stretch across the world? Therefore, this paper will explore the possible implications of Industry 4.0 through renewable energy consumption on a grand scale.Item Open Access Human computer interaction challenges in designing pandemic trace application for the effective knowledge transfer between science and society inside the quadruple helix collaboration(Springer, Cham, 2021-07-03) Gallego, A.; Gaeta, E.; Karinsalo, A.; Ollikainen, V.; Koskela, P.; Peschke, Lutz; Folkvord, F.; Kaldoudi, E.; Jämsä, T.; Lupiáñez-Villanueva, F.; Pecchia, L.; Fico, G.; Kurosu, MasaakiIn the last decade, smartphone users grown from 2.8 billion worldwide in 2018 to 3.8 billion in 2021. This fact associates with greater ease of publishing and accessing fake news. This is a particularly concerning issue in a global crisis situation such as the COVID-19 pandemic. As stated by the WHO, this is a global health crisis and the spread of fake information could have a direct impact on people’s wellbeing. Due to this situation, all systems which compose the quadruple helix (i.e., science, economy, politics and media and culture-based public) are under great pressure. On the one hand, citizens demand fast and trusted information, and on the other hand, the scientific community is pushed to publish, resulting in scientific papers published very fast and, sometimes, without adequate peer review processes, as reflected by the unprecedented number of retreats. The PandeVITA ecosystem will contribute to offering a better understanding of how societal actors’ behave, understanding their reaction to and interaction with science and health developments in the context of pandemics, with the aim to encourage citizens to contribute to scientific research with different kinds of data. This paper describes a novel approach to citizen science interventions and user engagement based on motivational theory and behavioral science, aiming to provide a set of architectural components, technologies, tools and analytics to assess citizens’ activities, system performance and stakeholders-related key performance indicators (KPIs) in an observatory fashion, allowing to investigate the motivation of the target participants, user engagement and long-term retention.Item Open Access Impact of building massing on energy efficient school buildings(Springer, 2020) Afacan, Yasemin; Ranjbar, Ali; Littlewood, J.; Howlett, R. J.; Capozzoli, A.; Jain, L. C.To produce energy-efficient buildings, optimization process for all design stages is necessary. Optimization starts with the massing of the building. This study investigates the impact of the five school massing typologies on energy efficiency: (i) spine/street; (ii) city/town; (iii) atrium; (iv) strawberry/cluster; and (v) courtyard. The chosen massing typologies respond to the question of what an optimum spatial organization of massing is to (i) maximize the use of renewable resources; (ii) utilize thermal inertia of buildings; and (iii) consider the relationship between inside and outside, both existing and future. For each massing type, Sefaira program was used, and simulations were run for annual energy use, annual energy cost and annual carbon dioxide (CO2)(CO2) emissions. The energy use indices (EUI) of the alternatives are around 86 kWh/m2/yr. In the spine massing, the EUI value is much higher than the other four buildings. The highest annual net CO2CO2 emissions are obtained in atrium type of building, which has more floors compared to other massing type. The courtyard type has the most efficient annual electricity cost per area. These findings showed that the goal of the building massing should be not only limited to achieve the low EUI. Thus, this study suggests that an energy-efficient massing should address the questions beyond well-known ASHRAE standards, and define a new holistic model that considers the ratio of surface area to volume more for reducing energy loads than a typical high-performance schools.Item Open Access Impact of climate zone and orientation angle on the recurring massing school typologies in Turkey(Springer Singapore, 2022-09-30) Afacan, Yasemin; Littlewood, John R.; Howlett, Robert; Jain, Lakhmi C.In this study, the impact of different climate zones on same massing typologies of a typical school building with different orientation angles was quantified through building energy simulations of a case building in Turkey. The most schools in Turkey do not comply with the current energy code because they were built prior to the code. Thus, there is a crucial need to investigate their energy efficiency for potential retrofits. The results of the study exemplified how the breakdowns in energy use and carbon emissions would significantly influence design decision-making process of a school. Considering the four climate scenarios, mainly the influence of an orientation angle on energy use intensity (EUI) is higher than its influence on carbon emissions. This study differed from other sustainability researches in terms of defining building massing in schools with an emphasis on environmentally climate responsive school design, which is a holistic approach and comprehensive understanding of high-performance energy efficiency. A climate responsive massing should address the questions beyond well-known standards, and define a new holistic model that uses the optimum orientation, and surface to volume ratio of the building to reduce energy loads and achieve high-performance energy efficiency.Item Open Access Investigating the effect of indoor soundscaping towards employee’s speech privacy(DC/ConfOrg, 2020) Acun, Volkan; Yılmazer, SemihaThis paper presents the emerging results of a soundscape evaluation of a two open office spaces. Aims of this research is to identify sound sources within an open office space and understand if their contributions to employees speech privacy. Thematic Analysis as part of Grounded Theory is used to examine how employees perceive the soundscape of their work environment. Semi- structured interviews are conducted with 20 employees from two companies. Responses are used to create a theoretical framework that conceptualizes employee’s response to the soundscape of their work environment. In order to analyze the acoustical characteristics of the office space, a combination of in-situ measurements and Odeon Room Acoustics Software are used.Item Open Access Modeling a user-oriented ontology on accessible homes for supporting activities of daily living (ADL) in healthy aging(Association for Computing Machinery, 2019) Afacan, Yasemin; Sürer, E.Inaccessibility of the buildings is the most common obstacle which presents barriers for older adults with different motor abilities. An inclusive design process, where elderly and designers work together, is required to overcome this obstacle. To do so, this study proposes a user-oriented model (i) to define a knowledge presentation for designers; (ii) to assist them during the development of accessible homes and (iii) to accommodate exemplary home attributes for activities of daily living (ADL). The ontology for this model was first constructed by collecting user information through LEGO® Serious Play® on the four subdomains of motor abilities: (1) strength; (2) balance; (3) locomotion; and (4) endurance. The findings of this study are significant for future aging studies and mobile computing researches in terms of indicating that diverse motor ability difficulties are associated with different requirements of accessibility attributes, and structured knowledge is required to diagrammatize their association with ADL.Item Open Access New forms of documentary: filmmaking within new media(Ediçoes Cine-Clube de Avanca, 2012-07) Ocak, ErsanNew technologies have always been a great potential for artists, who are seeking “new forms” in art. Today, so called “new media” has a great potential for filmmakers, especially for “non-fiction storytellers,” i.e. documentary filmmakers. With the development of new media, new documentary forms emerged on the Internet. These new forms are labeled such as webdocumentary (web-doc), interactive documentary, database-filmmaking, transmedia, non- linear documentary, etc. All of these new documentary forms are done by utilizing not only the computational and telecommunication capacities of the Internet through softwares and apps (applications), but the prevailing use of the Internet as one of the major medium of daily life as well. Today, more and more people are watching and following new forms of documentary on the Internet (especially young generations, who are born into new media). New media documentary, with its distinct features, not only enforce documentary filmmakers to think, imagine, design, and develop documentary projects within new forms, but also enable them to make documentary in different ways. In short, it offers new forms of representation and production for documentary filmmakers. In this paper, I will discuss the distinct features of new media documentary such as its openness to non-linearity in storytelling and interactivity in experience (watching and navigating in a web site); its capacity of a wider distribution; its potential for a more collaborative production. I will elaborate these features in a critical approach to understand what is really ‘new’ in new media documentary.