Art, Design, and Architecture

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Open Access
The 16 cubes game for children who are visually impaired
(Sage Publications, Inc., 2000) Evyapan, N. A. G. Z.; Demirkan, H.
Open Access
3D Labyrinthine-type acoustical metamaterial proposals for sound control in architectural applications
(Institute of Noise Control Engineering(INCE), 2019-06) Yazıcı, Beyza; Gül, Zühre Sü
The purpose of this research is to develop alternative 3D labyrinthine-type acoustical metamaterials by utilizing 'space-coiling' for sound control in architectural applications. Acoustical metamaterials have a great potential on their application for building and room acoustics due to their extreme properties in sound absorption and transmission. They can be used as an interior partition, an interior surface layer, and also as a design element. They are advantageous in comparison to the traditional acoustical materials such that by tuning their physical properties more hygienic, lighter or thinner alternatives can be produced. In this research, the design ideas of acoustic metamaterials (AMMs) originate from golden ratio (GR) and web labyrinth (WL). In data collection and analysis, both experimental and theoretical methods are used. As a first step, all design alternatives are modelled in 3D, then are printed out by a CNC 3D printer, finally, the AMMs are tested in impedance tube to observe their acoustical properties. Initial results indicate that WL shows good performance in terms of transmission loss and GR has efficiency for sound absorption in low frequency range. Both options are better than Solid sample. The results indicate the potential of designed alternatives and are supportive for future optimization.
Open Access
70’ler: Siyasetin odağındaki kent, kentin odağındaki siyaset
(İletişim Yayınları, 2013) Batuman, Bülent
70’lerin ortalarında Türkiye kentlerine bakıldığında görülen şey, kentin özgül bir siyaset odağı haline gelmiş olduğudur. Bir yanda –hem politik bir aktör hem de toplumsal bir çevre olarak– gecekondu, diğer yanda MC hükümetleriyle çatışan CHP’li belediyeler eliyle gelişen yerel yönetim modeli çerçevesinde hızla politikleşen kentsel hizmetler bulunmaktadır. Bu dönüşüm, sadece on yıl öncesi düşünüldüğünde bile çarpıcıdır. Zira, 60’ların ortalarında gecekondu, himayecilik ilişkileriyle yeniden üretilen ucuz bir kentleşme yöntemi, kentsel toplu tüketim hizmetleri ise, devletin yerel uzantıları olarak görünen belediyelerin doğal işlevleri olarak kavranmaktadır. Bu makale, işte bu dönüşümü, yani 70’lere damgasını vuran bir boyut olarak kentsel politikanın özgül bir siyasal mücadele alanı biçiminde ortaya çıkışını tartışmaktadır. Makalenin temel argümanı, bu dönüşümün özellikle mimar ve kent plancılarından oluşan mekân tasarımcılarının mesleki faaliyetlerini toplumcu siyasal eğilimleriyle buluşturan pratikleri dolayımıyla gerçekleştiğidir. Bu çerçevede makale, mekân tasarımcılarının kentsel siyaseti kuran iki temel alandaki etkinliklerini inceler: konut sorunu ve kentsel siyasetin kurumsal bağlamı olan yerel yönetimler.
Embargo
A comprehensive state-of-the-art survey on the recent modified and hybrid analytic hierarchy process approaches
(Elsevier, 2023-11-16) Ashour, Mojtaba; Mahdiyar, A.
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a widely applied technique in multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems. Over time, numerous hybridizations, improvements, and modifications have been proposed to address the shortcomings of traditional AHP. Considering the sheer number of the AHP-based methods, scholars/practitioners are faced with certain challenges when selecting a suitable method due to: (i) lack of adequate knowledge on pros and cons of different AHP approaches, (ii) difficulties and limitations in the application and analysis, and (iii) uncertainties about the suitability of the method. As a result, there is a need for a comprehensive review functioning as a guidance when choosing the best-suited approach considering the specific features of the problem at hand. This paper, therefore, reviews articles published between 2010 and 2023 that have proposed a hybrid, improved, or modified AHP and classifies them based on three main categories of contributions: (A) consistency improvements, (B) reducing the difficulties or limitations, and (C) increasing the accuracy of the results. These categories are further discussed based on the nature of variation (hybridizing with fuzzy sets, metaheuristic algorithms, modification of AHP structure, and hybridization with other approaches). A comprehensive summary table is provided to showcase the strengths and weaknesses of each method, and a roadmap is put forward for scholars and industry experts assisting them in the selection of the appropriate method considering various aspects of problems. Finally, directions for future research are discussed.
Open Access
A corpus-based approach to define Turkish soundscapes attributes
(Acoustical Soc Amer Amer Inst Physics, 2023-03) Yılmazer, Semiha; Dalirnaghadeh, Donya; Fasllija, Ela; Alimadhi, Enkela; Şahin, Zekiye; Mercan, Elif
Open Access
A preliminary field experiment to predict soundscape perception based on the biophilia hypothesis paradigm
(Acoustical Soc Amer Amer Inst Physics, 2023-03) Yılmazer, Semiha; Alimadhi, Enkela
Embargo
A principal component model to identify Turkish soundscapes’ affective attributes based on a corpus-driven approach
(Elsevier, 2023-06-30) Yılmazer, Semiha; Fasllija, Ela; Alimadhi, Enkela; Şahin, Zekiye; Mercan, Elif; Dalirnaghadeh, Donya
This study focused on achieving linguistic and culturally appropriate equivalents of Turkish soundscape attributes present in ISO 12913–3 by incorporating a Corpus-Driven Approach (CDA). A two-phase experiment was set up to find Turkish equivalents of affective quality attributes. The first phase consisted of the formation of a Corpus. An online questionnaire was prepared and sent to 196 native Turkish speakers from all around Türkiye to define adjectives. The second phase of the experiment was performed in a listening room. For this purpose, twenty-four binaural sound recordings were collected from seven public spaces. Afterward, forty individuals evaluated the recordings by using the attributes from Phase 1. The perceptual dimensions were obtained from the generated corpus in Turkish based on a rating scale by applying the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results indicated a two-dimensional model with two main components, Pleasantness and Eventfulness. Each component is associated with a main orthogonal axis denoted by ‘annoying-comfortable’ and ‘dynamic-uneventful,’ respectively. This circular organization of soundscape attributes is supported by two derived axes, namely ‘chaotic-calm’ and ‘monotonous-enjoyable’, rotated 45°on the same plane. Additionally, by using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, sixty-four different bipolar adjective pairs were found. The adjective pairs showed that the highest correlations are mainly on the pleasant-unpleasant continuum, namely Component 1 of PCA. The collected data were also analyzed using Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster analysis with the Ward method in R programming language to cluster the adjectives. The results inferred that there are four top-level categories. From the first to the fourth level, categories consisted of pleasant, uneventful, eventful, and annoying adjectives, respectively. Moreover, the terms grouped on the first cluster found their dichotomous on the fourth cluster, while maintaining the same relationship in the pleasant-unpleasant continuum.
Open Access
A vector classifier for sound similarity classification based on audio features
(Acoustical Soc Amer Amer Inst Physics, 2023-03) Yılmazer, Cengiz; Yılmazer, Semiha
Open Access
Achieving inclusion in public spaces: A shopping mall case study
(Springer, London, 2012) Afacan, Yasemin
Open Access
The acoustical characteristics of the Kocatepe Mosque in Ankara, Turkey
(Taylor & Francis, 2008) Sü, Z.; Yilmazer, S.
This research investigates the acoustical characteristics of mosques of the classical Ottoman period and the contemporary period. Kocatepe Mosque, the major mosque in Ankara, Turkey, as a case from the contemporary era is a unique combination of 16th century Ottoman aesthetics and 20th century technology. Although previous and recent mosques have been inspired by this combination, the use of a reinforced concrete dome without cavity resonators could cause long reverberation times especially in low frequencies. The purpose of this study was to investigate this condition by studying Kocatepe Mosque. The acoustical characteristics of the mosque were analyzed by computer simulation. Objective room-acoustic indicators including reverberation time (RT), early decay time (EDT), clarity (C80), definition (D50), lateral fraction (LF), speech transmission index (STI) and strength (G) are presented. The results show that the acoustical quality of Kocatepe Mosque is not optimal when it is empty, and closest to optimal conditions when fully occupied. The new techniques to overcome excessive low frequency attenuation caused by huge concrete shells of today's mosques are discussed in conclusion.
Open Access
Acoustical design and noise control in metro stations: Case studies of the Ankara metro system
(2007) Sü, Z.; Çalíşkan, M.
The aim of this research is to demonstrate the importance of initial strategies in acoustical design of underground metro stations. The paper searches for practical design solutions by evaluating different materials for providing optimum acoustical conditions in such spaces. Acoustical designs of three metro stations on a new expansion line in Ankara including Sogutozu, Bilkent and ODTU metro stations are presented through computer simulation. Predictions of room acoustical parameters are presented for both platform and ticket office floors in terms of parameters like reverberation time (RT), speech transmission index (STI) and A-weighted sound level (SPL) distribution within spaces. Simulated reverberation times are evaluated in view of legislative requirements. The study confirms the importance of using sound absorbing materials on the ceiling and sidewalls together. The nonwoven material, used behind perforated metal suspended ceilings, has proved effective in reverberation control.
Open Access
Acoustical footprint of the traditional turkish baths in historic settings
(Taylor and Francis Group, 2023-04-20) Bora Özyurt, Z.; Sü Gül, Zühre
The Turkish bath structure (hamam) is one of the key typologies in Anatolian architecture. In addition to its main “bathing” function, Turkish baths are chosen as the main venue for social organizations in the Ottoman period, with eating and dancing accompanied by live music. Thus, the construction of baths, in various sizes, was prioritized then and still holds its place in the social and cultural life of Anatolia. This study investigates the authentic acoustical characteristics of Turkish baths, over four selected baths in Bursa, Turkey; Karamustafa (15th c.), Yeni Kaplıca (16th c.), Kaynarca (17th c.), and Tahirağa (19th c.). Room impulse responses are collected through acoustical field measurements. Acoustical simulations are utilized to experiment with the materials, which reflect the historical origins, as well as used to test the effects of different humidity levels on acoustical parameters. The objective parameter analysis includes EDT, T20, T30, C80, D50, and STI assessments. Relationships between objective parameters and geometrical attributes are investigated. Lower T30 and higher STI values are obtained with historical plaster in comparison to the up-to-date conditions. Controlled analysis in decreasing the relative humidity resulted in lower T20 and T30 values, consequently higher STI values. Obtained data are discussed considering the usage of male and female baths, traditional activities as well as the nature of the sound sources.
Open Access
The acoustical performance analysis of Bilkent amphitheater: proposal for acoustical renovation
(Taylor & Francis, 2006-06) Sü, Z.; Yilmazer, S.
The 4000 seat multi-purpose Bilkent Amphitheater is a semi-dosed amphitheater with a volume of 90,000 m3, designed to serve the University's and the city's educational and artistic activities. At the beginning, the amphitheater was designed only for open-air performances. Afterwards it was decided it would be roofed with a tensile membrane in order to protect the spectators from atmospheric effects. However, the covered amphitheater was turned into a resounding and a problematic place widi a reverberation time of more than 6 s. when the hall is unoccupied. Acoustical interventions were implemented, but these have not been sufficient in decreasing the number of problematic echoes and dead spots. This paper analyzes the hall by means of assessing the fundamental acoustical parameters for both speech and music. Parameters such as reverberation time, early decay time, clarify, definition, lateral fraction, strength and speech transmission index were calculated by the aid of ODEON Room Acoustics Program simulation software Version 6.01. It was observed that most of the parameters are out of the optimum range, and that the sound focused strongly in some locations. After further acoustical renovation of the hall, the distribution of sound became more homogenous as measures of most of the parameters fell into reasonable ranges.
Open Access
Acoustics for architects: A potpourri of undergraduate and graduate level teaching styles, tools and in-course projects
(Acoustical Society of America, 2022-04-01) Sü Gül, Zühre; Çalışkan, Mehmet
Acoustics is one of the basic environmental comfort factors both in indoor and outdoor spaces. Students of architecture need to confront this theoretical field at some phase of their education. The main focus of this study is to provide a discussion platform of tools and teaching styles in architectural acoustics education of future architects, by depicting approaches that can motivate students and provide them a long-lasting understanding of the phenomena. Accordingly, a long-term experience in acoustics classes with undergraduate and graduate level students, mainly from departments of architecture of two prominent Turkish universities, is exemplified. Course contents of architectural acoustics programs are described, different models and methods of teaching are discussed, and last, selected projects, specifically those having an academic output, are presented. The study also aims to highlight some techniques and approaches that can be employed in acoustics education with limited technological tools, simply by active inclusion of the design background and creative thinking of the architecture students in this applied research area.
Open Access
Adaptability of everyday planning in urban design practices: self-organization and spontaneous action analysis of Galataport, Istanbul
(Springer Link, 2023-10-03) Korkut, C.; Nalbantoğlu, Oktan
Cities are information systems by its social and physical components. The data of these components create a wider picture in urban texture than it was designed by planners and designer in urban practices. The idea of collecting the data and composing models of spontaneous actions in urban simulations can add different dimensions to planning ideas in social terms and spatial texture. The issue is to find out how these components can be better related with each other to let citizens be urban planners as well up to some level, and what level that would be. The aim of the project is to bring back the social impact of the whole city as linking the hubs of Karaköy and Kabataş through the waterfront, also reawakening the collective memory of the port, by preserving the texture of warehouses form Ottoman Empire. The final outcome would be understanding how effectively project would be able to create the dynamics that have been proposed, and whether there have been other spontaneous actions thought the designed area.
Open Access
Adaptability of everyday planning in urban design practices: self‑organization and spontaneous action analysis of Galataport, Istanbul
(Springer, 2023-10-03) Korkut, C.; Nalbantoğlu, Oktan
Cities are information systems by its social and physical components. The data of these components create a wider picture in urban texture than it was designed by planners and designer in urban practices. The idea of collecting the data and composing models of spontaneous actions in urban simulations can add different dimensions to planning ideas in social terms and spatial texture. The issue is to find out how these components can be better related with each other to let citizens be urban planners as well up to some level, and what level that would be. The aim of the project is to bring back the social impact of the whole city as linking the hubs of Karaköy and Kabataş through the waterfront, also reawakening the collective memory of the port, by preserving the texture of warehouses form Ottoman Empire. The final outcome would be understanding how effectively project would be able to create the dynamics that have been proposed, and whether there have been other spontaneous actions thought the designed area.
Open Access
Adaptation and nostalgia
(Oxford University Press, 2020) Kennedy-Karpat, Colleen
This essay highlights the shared critical terrain of adaptation and nostalgia: how they critically juxtapose the past with the present, and how they underscore the impossibility of return while also relying on prior experience. It also explores nostalgia’s effect on personal responses to adaptations and its interaction with textual form. Drawing from various areas of literary, media, and performance studies, including film adaptations of children’s literature, Watchmen and its screen adaptations, and Disney’s live-action remakes, this essay underscores how both nostalgia and adaptation are inherently multivalent concepts, and how they each rely on perspective to generate critical meaning.
Open Access
Adaptation and systems of cultural value
(Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2017) Kennedy-Karpat, Colleen; Sandberg, E.; Kennedy-Karpat, Colleen; Sandberg, E.
Open Access
The aid of colour on spatial navigation: A study in a virtual hospital environment
(ACM, 2016) Kumaoğlu, Özge; Olguntürk, Nilgün
The aim of this study is to explore the effects of colour as visuo-spatial cue on spatial navigation and developing a cognitive map in elderly in a simulated virtual hospital environment. The study further purports to explore whether it is possible to improve elders' spatial navigation and cognitive mapping performances as well as younger-aged group, by the aid of coloured visuo-spatial cues. © 2016 ACM.
Open Access
The aid of colour on visuospatial navigation of elderly people in a virtual polyclinic environment
(John Wiley and Sons, 2018) Kumoğlu-Süzer, Özge; Olguntürk, Nilgün
It is well documented that elderly people often have difficulties in finding their way in unfamiliar environments. In this study, we aimed to explore the usage of colour as visuospatial navigation tool for elderly people by testing in a virtually simulated polyclinic environment. We compared neutral, warm and cool coloured experiment settings to find out the effect of different colours on elderly people's visuospatial navigation performances. We conducted our experiment with 90 participants in two phases, each with a specific task (Route Replication and Picture Classification). The findings showed that neutral coloured setting affected participants' visuospatial navigation performances negatively compared to warm and cool coloured settings. However, there was no significant performance difference between warm and cool coloured environments. In addition to that, when they were asked to reach to the destination point, male participants spent shorter time, did fewer wrong turns, experienced fewer hesitations and traveled shorter distances compared to female participants. Currently, due to the increase in the elderly population, designing well-functioning interior spaces for the elderly has become a more pressing matter. We believe that the findings of this study will provide important clues for both interior designers and environmental psychologists.