Browsing by Subject "adaptation"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

Open Access
Copy number variation of individual cattle genomes using next-generation sequencing
(2012) Bickhart, D.M.; Hou, Y.; Schroeder, S.G.; Alkan C.; Cardone, M.F.; Matukumalli L.K.; Song J.; Schnabel, R.D.; Ventura M.; Taylor J.F.; Garcia J.F.; Van Tassell, C.P.; Sonstegard, T.S.; Eichler, E. E.; Liu G.E.
Copy number variations (CNVs) affect a wide range of phenotypic traits; however, CNVs in or near segmental duplication regions are often intractable. Using a read depth approach based on next-generation sequencing, we examined genome - wide copy number differences among five taurine (three Angus, one Holstein, and one Hereford) and one indicine (Nelore) cattle. Within mapped chromosomal sequence, we identified 1265 CNV regions comprising ∼55.6-Mbp sequence-476 of which (~38%) have not previously been reported. We validated this sequence-based CNV call set with array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), quantitative PCR (qPCR), and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), achieving a validation rate of 82% and a false positive rate of 8%. We further estimated absolute copy numbers for genomic segments and annotated genes in each individual. Surveys of the top 25 most variable genes revealed that the Nelore individual had the lowest copy numbers in 13 cases (∼52%, χ 2 test; P-value <0.05). In contrast, genes related to pathogen- and parasite-resistance, such as CATHL4 and ULBP17, were highly duplicated in the Nelore individual relative to the taurine cattle, while genes involved in lipid transport and metabolism, including APOL3 and FABP2, were highly duplicated in the beef breeds. These CNV regions also harbor genes like BPIFA2A (BSP30A) and WC1, suggesting that some CNVs may be associated with breed-specific differences in adaptation, health, and production traits. By providing the first individualized cattle CNV and segmental duplication maps and genome-wide gene copy number estimates, we enable future CNV studies into highly duplicated regions in the cattle genome. © 2012 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
Open Access
From nomadism to sedentary life in Central Anatolia : the case of Rışvan tribe (1830-1932)
(2011) Dede, Suat
This thesis presents an overview of how the Ottoman Empire established its relations with nomads and how it managed to administrate the settlement of nomadic tribes. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the dynamics that made the sedentarization of nomadic tribes necessary in the 19th century with particular reference to the settlement of RıĢvan tribe in Central Anatolia, more specifically in Haymana. In this respect, the effects of this settlement on the population structure and settlement geography of Haymana are examined. The thesis also deals with the challenges the newly settled nomadic RıĢvan tribesmen faced such as the settlement and adaptation problems in the sedentarization process and afterwards. Lastly, the factors that affected and extended the sedentarization process are analyzed in comparison with the experiences in the other Middle-Eastern examples of sedentarization and settlement processes
Open Access
High-gain sampled-data control of interconnected systems
(2002) Altunel, Haluk
Stabilization of interconnected systems using adaptive, decentralized, high-gain, sampled-data controllers is considered. Main applications of high-gain methodology to various systems under modeling uncertainties are reviewed. Then, sampled-data, high-gain and decentralized control techniques are combined to nd a solution to stabilization of interconnected systems, while satisfying the overall synchronization of the whole system. It is shown that overall system can be stabilized in continuous and discrete time domains by applying an adaptation mechanism for perturbations with unknown bounds.
Open Access
"Made in Massachusetts" : converting hides and skins into leather and Turkish immigrants into industrial laborers (1860s-1920s)
(2010) Acehan, Işıl
Early twentieth-century America witnessed a large influx of immigrants largely from eastern and southern Europe as well as the Near East. The major “pull” factor stimulating the growth of migration was the rise of several American industries and a growing demand for laborers. In addition to the demand for immigrant labor, rising concern over political and economic conditions in the homeland resulted in a process of chain migration of Ottoman ethnic and religious groups from particular regions. By analyzing both “pull” and “push” factors triggering an out-migration from the Harput vilayet, as well as the migration trajectories of the Turkish immigrants, this dissertation argues that existing ethnic and social networks determined the settlement and employment patterns and inevitably affected the acculturation processes of Turkish immigrants in the United States. Specifically, this study contends that while the Turkish immigrants on the North Shore of Boston assimilated into American life, iv they also participated in the process of Turkish nation-building, maintained old home networks and transnational engagements.