Browsing by Subject "Stress"

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1960-2000 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’de ruhsal hastalıklara olan bakış açısının değişimi
(Bilkent University, 2022) Ayan, Eylül; Sarıışık, Elif Beray; Çelik, Elen Zeynep; Kahveci, Doğa Simge; Kışla, Öykü Işıl
Türkiye’de ruhsal hastalıklara olan bakış açısı 1960-2000 yılları arasında büyük değişiklikler göstermiştir. Dünyadaki ruhsal hastalıklara verilen önemin artması Türkiye’de de Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi’nin kuruluşuna yol açarak toplumun ruhsal hastalıklara olan bakış açısını etkilemiştir. Hasta ve hasta yakınlarının maruz kaldığı damgalanma ve dışlanmışlık hissi, çeşitli toplumsal olaylar ve teknolojik gelişmeler sayesinde toplumun bilinçlenmesi sağlanarak azaltılmıştır. Kültürel değerlerin de toplumun bakış açısı üzerinde büyük ölçüde etkisi olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. 1995 yılında Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği’nin kuruluşunun hem toplumun bakış açısı üzerinde hem de hasta ve hasta yakınlarına verilen önemin arttırılmasında önemi olmuştur.
Open Access
Biological properties of extracellular vesicles and their physiological functions
(Taylor & Francis, 2015) Yáñez-Mó, M.; Siljander, P. R. M.; Andreu, Z.; Zavec, A. B.; Borràs, F. E.; Buzas, E. I.; Buzas, K.; Casal, E.; Cappello, F.; Carvalho, J.; Colás, E.; Cordeiro-Da, S. A.; Fais, S.; Falcon-Perez, J. M.; Ghobrial, I. M.; Giebel, B.; Gimona, M.; Graner, M.; Gursel, I.; Gursel, M.; Heegaard, N. H. H.; Hendrix, A.; Kierulf, P.; Kokubun, K.; Kosanovic, M.; Kralj-Iglic, V.; Krämer-Albers, E. M.; Laitinen, S.; Lässer, C.; Lener, T.; Ligeti, E.; Line, A.; Lipps, G.; Llorente, A.; Lötvall, J.; Manček-Keber, M.; Marcilla, A.; Mittelbrunn, M.; Nazarenko, I.; Nolte-'t Hoen, E. N. M.; Nyman, T. A.; O'Driscoll, L.; Olivan, M.; Oliveira, C.; Pállinger, E.; Del Portillo, H. A.; Reventós, J.; Rigau, M.; Rohde, E.; Sammar, M.; Sánchez-Madrid, F.; Santarém, N.; Schallmoser, K.; Ostenfeld, M. S.; Stoorvogel, W.; Stukelj, R.; Grein V. D. S.G.; Helena,ü V. M.; Wauben, M. H. M.; De Wever, O.
In the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as potent vehicles of intercellular communication, both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This is due to their capacity to transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, thereby influencing various physiological and pathological functions of both recipient and parent cells.While intensive investigation has targeted the role of EVs in different pathological processes, for example, in cancer and autoimmune diseases, the EV-mediated maintenance of homeostasis and the regulation of physiological functions have remained less explored. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the physiological roles of EVs, which has been written by crowd-sourcing, drawing on the unique EV expertise of academia-based scientists, clinicians and industry based in 27 European countries, the United States and Australia. This review is intended to be of relevance to both researchers already working on EV biology and to newcomers who will encounter this universal cell biological system. Therefore, here we address the molecular contents and functions of EVs in various tissues and body fluids from cell systems to organs. We also review the physiological mechanisms of EVs in bacteria, lower eukaryotes and plants to highlight the functional uniformity of this emerging communication system.
Open Access
The identity of ‘the other’ for sexual violence victims: is there anything new in sexual violence prosecutions before the International Criminal Court?
(Routledge, 2017) Turan, G.
Despite the spectacular development in the field of international criminal law, critical feminism stresses the narrow scope of the sex and gender crimes in the Rome Statute establishing the first permanent International Criminal Court. The current international criminal law discourse, as expressed by recent case law, is geared towards the protection of certain groups targeted on account of their distinctiveness within the framework of a conflict situation, and gender is not recognized as one of these group identities. The question whether international criminal law on sexual violence applies only to inter-group conflicts brings to the fore an uneasy likelihood of exclusion of some recently emergent situations where identities of the conflicting parties transcend a particular ethnicity or nationality, and where victims of sexual violence belong to the same group as their perpetrators. The article argues that, rather than the Rome Statute or newly introduced rules and regulations, a significant obstacle in developing gender justice is the narrow interpretation of sexual violence to inter-group hostilities. © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Open Access
The impact on heart rate and blood pressure following exposure to ultrafine particles from cooking using an electric stove
(Elsevier, 2020-08-02) Gabdrashova, R.; Nurzhan, S.; Naseri, M.; Bekezhankyzy, Z.; Gimnkhan, A.; Malekipirbazari, Milad; Tabesh, M.; Khanbabaie, R.; Crape, B.; Buonanno, G.; Hopke, P. K.; Torkmahalleh, A. A.; Torkmahalleh, M. A.; Aleya, L.
Cooking is a major source of indoor particulate matter (PM), especially ultrafine particles (UFPs). Long-term exposure to fine and ultrafine particles (UFPs) has been associated with adverse human health effects. Toxicological studies have demonstrated that exposure to PM2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 μm) may result in increased blood pressure (BP). Some clinical studies have shown that acute exposure to PM2.5 causes changes in systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), depending on the source of particles. Studies assessing the effect of exposure to cooking PM on BP and heart rate (HR) using electric or gas stoves are not well represented in the literature. The aim of this investigation was to perform controlled studies to quantify the exposure of 50 healthy volunteer participants to fine and ultrafine particles emitted from a low-emissions recipe for frying ground beef on an electric stove. The BP and heart rate (HR) of the volunteers were monitored during exposure and after the exposure (2 h post-exposure). Maximum UFP and PM2.5 concentrations were 6.5 × 104 particles/cm3 and 0.017 mg/m3, respectively. Exposure to UFPs from frying was associated with statistically significant increases in the SBP. The lack of food and drink during the 2 h post-cooking period was also associated with a statistically significant reduction in SBP. No statistically significant changes in DBP were observed. Physiological factors, including heat stress over the stove, movements and anxiety, could be responsible for an elevation in HR at the early stages of the experiments with a subsequent drop in HR after 90 min post-cooking, when study participants were relaxed in a living room.
Open Access
Short-term dietary restriction in old zebrafish changes cell senescence mechanisms
(Elsevier, 2016-10) Arslan-Ergul, Ayca; Erbaba, Begun; Karoglu, Elif Tugce; Halim, Dilara Ozge; Adams, Michelle M.
Brain aging is marked by a decline in cognitive abilities and associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies have shown, neurogenesis continues into adulthood but is known to be decreasing during advancing age and these changes may contribute to cognitive alterations. Advances, which aim to promote better aging are of paramount importance. Dietary restriction (DR) is the only non-genetic intervention that reliably extends life- and health-span. Mechanisms of how and why DR and age affect neurogenesis are not well-understood, and have not been utilized much in the zebrafish, which has become a popular model to study brain aging and neurodegenerative disease due to widely available genetic tools. In this study we used young (8–8.5 months) and old (26–32.5 months) zebrafish as the model to investigate the effects of a short-term DR on actively proliferating cells. We successfully applied a 10-week DR to young and old fish, which resulted in a significant loss of body weight in both groups with no effect on normal age-related changes in body growth. We found that age decreased cell proliferation and increased senescence associated β-galactosidase, as well as shortened telomere lengths. In contrast, DR shortened telomere lengths only in young animals. Neither age nor DR changed the differentiation patterns of glial cells. Our results suggest that the potential effects of DR could be mediated by telomere regulation and whether these are beneficial or negative remains to be determined.
Open Access
Toward a better understanding of the reciprocal relations between adolescent psychological need experiences and sleep
(SAGE Publications, 2020) Campbell, R.; Vansteenkiste, M.; Soenens, B.; Vandenkerckhove, B.; Mouratidis, Athanasios
In two diary studies, we examined the reciprocal daily association between the satisfaction and frustration of adolescents’ basic psychological needs and sleep, and the role of stress and fatigue in these associations. In Study 1 (N = 211; 52% female; Mage = 15.86 years, SD = 1.18 years), daily need experiences were unrelated to daily fluctuations in subjective sleep outcomes. However, shorter daily sleep quantity was related to higher daily fatigue, which in turn related to more daily need frustration and less need satisfaction. Study 2 (N = 51; 49% female; Mage = 15.88 years, SD = 2.88 years) extended these findings by demonstrating that daily need frustration related to shorter objective sleep quantity and longer wake after sleep onset, indirectly through higher symptoms of stress. Poor sleep quality also related to worse need experiences via higher daily fatigue. These findings underscore the dynamic interplay between daily need experiences and adolescent sleep.
Open Access
Trait anxiety and post-learning stress do not affect perceptual learning
(Elsevier, 2012) Aberg, K.; Clarke, Aaron; Sandi, C.; Herzog, M.
While it is well established that stress can modulate declarative learning, very few studies have investigated the influence of stress on non-declarative learning. Here, we studied the influence of post-learning stress, which effectively modulates declarative learning, on perceptual learning of a visual texture discrimination task (TDT). On day one, participants trained for one session with TDT and were instructed that they, at any time, could be exposed to either a high stressor (ice–water; Cold Pressor Test; CPT) or a low stressor (warm water). Participants did not know when or which stressor they would be exposed to. To determine the impact of the stressor on TDT learning, all participants returned the following day to perform another TDT session. Only participants exposed to the high stressor had significantly elevated cortisol levels. However, there was no difference in TDT improvements from day one to day two between the groups. Recent studies suggested that trait anxiety modulates visual perception under anticipation of stressful events. Here, trait anxiety did neither modulate performance nor influence responsiveness to stress. These results do not support a modulatory role for stress on non-declarative perceptual learning.