Browsing by Subject "Cadmium sulfide"

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Open Access
Alloyed heterostructures of CdSexS1-x nanoplatelets with highly tunable optical gain performance
(American Chemical Society, 2017) Kelestemur Y.; Dede, D.; Gungor K.; Usanmaz, C. F.; Erdem, O.; Demir, Hilmi Volkan
Here, we designed and synthesized alloyed heterostructures of CdSexS1-x nanoplatelets (NPLs) using CdS coating in the lateral and vertical directions for the achievement of highly tunable optical gain performance. By using homogeneously alloyed CdSexS1-x core NPLs as a seed, we prepared CdSexS1-x/CdS core/crown NPLs, where CdS crown region is extended only in the lateral direction. With the sidewall passivation around inner CdSexS1-x cores, we achieved enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield (PL-QY) (reaching 60%), together with increased absorption cross-section and improved stability without changing the emission spectrum of CdSexS1-x alloyed core NPLs. In addition, we further extended the spectral tunability of these solution-processed NPLs with the synthesis of CdSexS1-x/CdS core/shell NPLs. Depending on the sulfur composition of the CdSexS1-x core and thickness of the CdS shell, CdSexS1-x/CdS core/shell NPLs possessed highly tunable emission characteristics within the spectral range of 560-650 nm. Finally, we studied the optical gain performances of different heterostructures of CdSexS1-x alloyed NPLs offering great advantages, including reduced reabsorption and spectrally tunable optical gain range. Despite their decreased PL-QY and reduced absorption cross-section upon increasing the sulfur composition, CdSexS1-x based NPLs exhibit highly tunable amplified spontaneous emission performance together with low gain thresholds down to ∼53 μJ/cm2.
Open Access
Charging/discharging dynamics of CdS and CdSe films under photoillumination using dynamic x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
(A I P Publishing LLC, 2010) Sezen, H.; Süzer, Şefik
Thin films of CdS and CdSe are deposited on HF-cleaned Si O2 /Si substrates containing ∼5 nm thermally grown silicon oxide. x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data of these films are collected in a dynamic mode, which is based on recording the spectrum under modulation with an electrical signal in the form of ±10 V square-wave pulses. Accordingly, all peaks are twined and shifted with respect to the grounded spectrum. The binding energy difference between the twinned peaks of a dielectric system has a strong dependence on the frequency of the electrical stimuli. Therefore, dynamic XPS provides a means to extract additional properties of dielectric materials, such as effective resistance and capacitance. In this work, the authors report a new advancement to the previous method, where they now probe a photodynamic process. For this reason, photoillumination is introduced as an additional form of stimulus and used to investigate the combined optical and electrical response of the photoconductive thin films of CdS and CdSe using dynamic XPS.
Open Access
Chemically specific dynamic characterization of photovoltaic and photoconductivity effects of surface nanostructures
(American Chemical Society, 2010) Ekiz, O. Ö.; Mizrak, K.; Dâna, A.
We report characterization of photovoltaic and photoconductivity effects on nanostructured surfaces through light induced changes in the X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). The technique combines the chemical specificity of XPS and the power of surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPV), with the addition of the ability to characterize photoconductivity under both static and dynamic optical excitation. A theoretical model that quantitatively describes the features of the observed spectra is presented. We demonstrate the applicability of the model on a multitude of sample systems, including homo- and heterojunction solar cells, CdS nanoparticles on metallic or semiconducting substrates, and carbon nanotube films on silicon substrates.
Open Access
Dynamical XPS measurements for probing photoinduced voltage changes
(2010) Sezen, H.; Süzer, Şefik
Photoillumination with 405 nm laser causes shifts in XPS peaks of n-Si(100), and CdS. To distinguish between surface photovoltage (SPV), and charging, dynamical measurements are performed, while sample is subjected to square wave pulses of ± 10.00 V amplitude, and 10-3-10 5 Hz frequency. For n-Si, Si2p peaks are twinned at + 10.00 and -10.00, yielding always 20.00 eV difference. Photoillumination shifts the twinned peaks to higher energies, but the difference is always 20.00 eV. However, for CdS, the measured binding difference of Cd3d peaks exhibits strong frequency dependence due to charging, which indicates that both fast SPV and slow charging effects are operative.
Open Access
Highly stable multicrown heterostructures of type-II nanoplatelets for ultralow threshold optical gain
(American Chemical Society, 2019) Dede, Didem; Taghipour, Nima; Quliyeva, Ulviyya; Sak, Mustafa; Kelestemur, Yusuf; Güngör, Kıvanç; Demir, Hilmi Volkan
Solution-processed type-II quantum wells exhibit outstanding optical properties, which make them promising candidates for light-generating applications including lasers and LEDs. However, they may suffer from poor colloidal stability under ambient conditions and show strong tendency to assemble into face-to-face stacks. In this work, to resolve the colloidal stability and uncontrolled stacking issues, we proposed and synthesized CdSe/CdSe1–xTex/CdS core/multicrown heteronanoplatelets (NPLs), controlling the amount of Te up to 50% in the crown without changing their thicknesses, which significantly increases their colloidal and photostability under ambient conditions and at the same time preserving their attractive optical properties. Confirming the final lateral growth of CdS sidewalls with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy-dispersive analysis, and photoelectron excitation spectroscopy, we found that the successful coating of this CdS crown around the periphery of conventional type-II NPLs prevents the unwanted formation of needle-like stacks, which results in reduction of the undesired scattering losses in thin-film samples of these NPLs. Owing to highly efficient exciton funneling from the outmost CdS crown accompanied by the reduced scattering and very low waveguide loss coefficient (∼18 cm–1), ultralow optical gain thresholds of multicrown type-II NPLs were achieved to be as low as 4.15 μJ/cm2 and 2.48 mJ/cm2 under one- and two-photon absorption pumping, respectively. These findings indicate that the strategy of using engineered advanced heterostructures of nanoplatelets provides solutions for improved colloidal stability and enables enhanced photonic performance.
Open Access
Mn2+-doped CdSe/CdS core/multishell colloidal quantum wells enabling tunable carrier-dopant exchange interactions
(American Chemical Society, 2015) Delikanlı, S.; Akgül, M. Z.; Murphy, J. R.; Barman, B.; Tsai, Y.; Scrace, T.; Zhang, P.; Bozok, B.; Hernández-Martínez, P.L.; Christodoulides, J.; Cartwright, A. N.; Petrou, A.; Demir, Hilmi Volkan
In this work, we report the manifestations of carrier-dopant exchange interactions in colloidal Mn2+-doped CdSe/CdS core/multishell quantum wells. The carrier-magnetic ion exchange interaction effects are tunable through wave function engineering. In our quantum well heterostructures, manganese was incorporated by growing a Cd0.985Mn0.015S monolayer shell on undoped CdSe nanoplatelets using the colloidal atomic layer deposition technique. Unlike previously synthesized Mn2+-doped colloidal nanostructures, the location of the Mn ions was controlled with atomic layer precision in our heterostructures. This is realized by controlling the spatial overlap between the carrier wave functions with the manganese ions by adjusting the location, composition, and number of the CdSe, Cd1-xMnxS, and CdS layers. The photoluminescence quantum yield of our magnetic heterostructures was found to be as high as 20% at room temperature with a narrow photoluminescence bandwidth of ∼22 nm. Our colloidal quantum wells, which exhibit magneto-optical properties analogous to those of epitaxially grown quantum wells, offer new opportunities for solution-processed spin-based semiconductor devices. © 2015 American Chemical Society.
Open Access
One-pot synthesis of CdS nanoparticles in the channels of mesosructured silica films and monoliths
(American Chemical Society, 2005) Tura, C.; Coombs, N.; Dag, Ö.
Cd(II)-modified mesoporous silica films and/or monoliths synthesized in one pot using a true liquid crystalline (TLC) approach have been reacted with H2S gas to produce CdS-modified mesostructured nanocomposite materials (Nano-CdS/meso-SiO2). During this process, both the TLC and the metallotropic liquid crystalline (MLC) mesophase of metal salt ([Cd(H 2O)4](NO3)2)-nonionic surfactant (CnH2n+1- (OCH2CH2)mOH, CnEOm) systems were collectively used to incorporate large quantities of metal ions into the mesoporous silica film and monoliths. The effect of the cadmium nitrate concentration on the formation and structure of the mesoporous silica has also been investigated. The results show that at low salt concentrations, the mesoporous silica is anisotropic (hexagonal); however, at high salt concentration, the structure is isotropic (cubic or disordered). The freshly prepared CdS nanoparticles are reactive toward the surface acids that form during the H2S treatment. These surface acids also promote the degradation of the CdS nanopaticles. However, the CdS particles in the mesopores can be stabilized by washing out the acid sides or aging the samples for a period of time before the H2S reaction. The optical absorption edge of the CdS nanoparticle in the pores is sensitive to the composition and structure of the host. In this context, the materials were characterized using FTIR, micro-Raman, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, POM, TEM, and PXRD techniques.
Open Access
Oriented colloidal quantum wells: Pushing the limits, breaking records
(META Conference, 2023) Demir, Hilmi Volkan; Lalanne, P.; Zouhdi, S.
We introduce a powerful, large-area self-assembly technique for orienting colloidal quantum wells in all face-down configuration. We demonstrate three-dimensional constructs of such oriented self-assemblies with monolayer precision. We present the most recent examples of LEDs and lasers using these oriented assemblies for lighting and displays. Here we also show record high efficiency from their LEDs and record thin gain medium from their laser structures. These solution-processed quantum wells hold great promise to challenge their epitaxial thin-film counterparts in semiconductor optoelectronics. © 2023, META Conference. All rights reserved.
Open Access
Synthesis of stable mesostructured coupled semiconductor thin films: meso-CdS-TiO2 and meso-CdSe-TiO2
(2010) Okur, H. İ.; Türker, Y.; Dag, Ö.
Cd(II) ions can be incorporated into the channels of mesostructured titania films, using the evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) approach, up to a record high Cd/Ti mole ratio of 25%. The film samples were obtained by spin or dip coating from a mixture of 1-butanol, [Cd(H20)4] (N03)2, HNO3, and Ti(OC4H 9)4 and then aging the samples under 50% humidity at 30 0C (denoted as meso-xCd(II)-y TiO2). The nitrate ions, from nitric acid and cadmium nitrate, play important roles in the assembly process by coordinating as bidentate and bridged ligands to Cd(II) and Ti(IV) sites, respectively, in the mesostructured titania films. The film samples can be reacted under a H 2S (or H2Se) gas atmosphere to produce CdS (or CdSe) on the channel surface and/or pore walls. However, the presence of such a large number of nitrate ions in the film samples also yields an extensive amount of nitric acid upon H2S (or H2Se) reaction, where the nanoparticles are not stable (they undergo decomposition back to metal ion and H2S or H2Se gas). However, this problem can be overcome by further aging the samples at 130 °C for a few hours before H2S (or H2Se) reaction. This step removes about 90% of the nitrate ions, eliminates the nitric acid production step, and stabilizes the CdS nanoparticles on the surface and/or walls of the pores of the coupled semiconductor films, denoted as meso-xCdS-yTiO2. However, the H2Se reaction, additionally, needs to be carried at lower H2Se pressures in an N2 atmosphere to produce stable CdSe nanoparticles on the surface and/or walls of the pores of the films, denoted as meso-xCdSe-.yTiO2. Otherwise, an excessive number of Se8 particles form in the film samples.
Open Access
Ultraefficient förster-type nonradiative energy transfer enabled by the complex dielectric medium with tuned permittivity
(American Chemical Society, 2021-06-10) Hernandez-Martinez, P. L.; Yücel, A. C.; Demir, Hilmi Volkan
Förster-type nonradiative energy transfer (FRET) is one of the primary near-field phenomena and is a useful, fundamental mechanism allowing us to control the excitation energy flow. Using carefully chosen pairs of quantum emitters/absorbers (donors/acceptors), FRET has proved to be essential in a variety of light-generating and -harvesting systems. However, FRET takes place only in a limited spatial range, and its efficiency suffers from an adversely rapidly decreasing profile over the increasing distance between the donor and acceptor. To foster FRET, reaching ultimate levels of efficiency and extending its range, we systematically studied the FRET mechanism by tuning the background medium’s permittivity. The FRET rates of donor–acceptor pairs consisting of a point-like, quasi-0-dimensional quantum dot and quasi-2-dimensional quantum well nanostructures are analytically derived to characterize the change of FRET rates with respect to the medium’s permittivity. The analysis reveals that the FRET rate becomes singular when the permittivity approaches zero and there is a fixed value for the point-like and all other nanostructures, respectively. By setting the medium’s relative permittivity to realistic values near the singular point, which can be realized by a digital metamaterial approach, ultrahigh FRET rates and thereby ultraefficient FRET-based systems are achievable.