In Press, Corrected Proof: Formation of cluster mode particles (1–3 nm) in preschools

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buir.contributor.authorMalekipirbazari, Milad
buir.contributor.orcidMalekipirbazari, Milad|0000-0002-3212-6498
dc.contributor.authorTorkmahalleh, M. A.
dc.contributor.authorTurganova, K.
dc.contributor.authorZhigulina, Z.
dc.contributor.authorMadiyarova, T.
dc.contributor.authorAdotey, E. K.
dc.contributor.authorMalekipirbazari, Milad
dc.contributor.authorMilad, G.
dc.contributor.authorStabile, L.
dc.date.accessioned2022-02-24T05:40:02Z
dc.date.available2022-02-24T05:40:02Z
dc.date.issued2021-11-23
dc.departmentDepartment of Industrial Engineeringen_US
dc.description.abstractThis study is the first study that reports the cluster particle (1–3 nm) formation (CPF) in two modern preschools located in Nur-Sultan city of Kazakhstan from October 28 to November 27, 2019. The average particle number concentration and mode diameter values during major CPF events in Preschool I and Preschool II were found to be 1.90 × 106 (SD 6.43 × 106) particles/cm3 and 1.60 (SD 0.85) nm, and 1.11 × 109 (SD 5.46 × 109) particles/cm3 and 2.16 (SD 1.47) nm, respectively. The ultraviolet PM concentration reached as high as 7 μg/m3 in one of the measurement days. The estimated emission rate in Preschool I for CPF events was 9.57 × 109 (SD 1.92 × 109) particles/min. For Preschool II, the emission rate was 7.25 × 109 (SD 12.4 × 109) particles/min. We identified primary cluster particles (CPs) emitted directly from the sources such as candle burning, and secondary CPs formed as a result of the oxidation of indoor VOCs or smoking VOCs. The secondary CPs are likely to be SOA. Indoor VOCs were mainly emitted during cleaning activities as well as during painting and gluing. Indoor VOCs are the controlling factors in the CPF events. Changes in the training and cleaning programs may result in significant reductions in the exposure of the children to CPs.en_US
dc.embargo.release2023-11-23
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151756en_US
dc.identifier.issn0048-9697
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11693/77591
dc.language.isoEnglishen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.relation.isversionofhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151756en_US
dc.source.titleScience of The Total Environmenten_US
dc.subjectCluster mode particlesen_US
dc.subjectPreschoolen_US
dc.subjectCleaning detergentsen_US
dc.subjectSOAen_US
dc.subjectOzoneen_US
dc.titleIn Press, Corrected Proof: Formation of cluster mode particles (1–3 nm) in preschoolsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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