Materials for articular cartilage regeneration

Many health problems remaining to be untreatable throughout the human history can be overcome by utilizing new biomedical materials. Healing cartilage defects is one of the problems causing significant health issue due to low regeneration capacity of the cartilage tissue. Scaffolds as three-dimensional functional networks provide promising tools for complete regeneration of the cartilage tissue. Diversity of materials and fabrication methods give rise to many forms of scaffolds including injectable and mechanically stable ones. Various approaches can be considered depending on the condition of cartilage defect. A scaffold should maintain tissue function within a short time, and should be easily applied in order to minimally harm the body. This review will cover several patents and other publications on materials for cartilage regeneration with an outlook on essential characteristics of materials and scaffolds.