Encouraging walking as an active mode of transportation in daily trips can significantly contribute to the well-being of older adults. However, the literature, particularly in developing countries, has yet to explore this topic extensively. This thesis investigated the relationship between neighborhood qualities, motivations, preferences, and transport walking among older adults in Iran and Türkiye. Data from 172 participants in one hundred one neighborhoods across nine cities in Türkiye and eight cities in Iran were collected to examine the mediating role of motivations and preferences in this relationship in a two-phase study. While the findings from the first phase suggested no significant differences in mediating levels between the two countries, the second phase, which considered additional factors such as attitudes, revealed some variations in motivation and preference factors of neighborhood. The study also explored the potential moderating effects of gender and neighborhood type but found no significant differences. These results contributed to a better understanding of the multifaceted factors influencing transport walking behavior in older adults, including cultural, demographic, attitudinal, and climatic factors. Despite limitations in sample size and duration of data collection, this study provided valuable insights for future research and urban planning initiatives aimed at creating age-friendly and walkable neighborhoods that promote the health and well-being of older adults.