The role of multisensory experiences on short-term memory retention in simulated cafe environments

Abstract

This study investigates how multisensory experiences can enhance short-term memory retention in public interiors, specifically cafes. Previous research has highlighted and emphasized the cognitive benefits of multisensory integration in various settings, including educational institutions and museums. However, there has been limited exploration of memory retention in cafe environments. This research examines the effects of visual, auditory, and olfactory stimuli, both individually and simultaneously, addressing a significant gap in understanding how sensory design influences memory performance in public spaces. A mixed-method experimental design was employed involving 76 adults residing in Ankara, Türkiye. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire and two baseline tests before being randomly assigned to one of four sensory groups: visual, visual and auditory, visual and olfactory, and visual, auditory, and olfactory. The experiment was conducted in a controlled indoor environment that simulated a cafe-like setting. Participants were then given a distraction puzzle followed by an open-ended memory retention task. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis and matrix layout, while quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one way ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation. The findings indicate that multisensory experiences significantly enhance memory retention compared to single or dual sensory modalities. Additionally, cognitive assessments showed a low positive correlation with memory retention. This research provides important insights into multisensory design in public spaces, aiming to foster the development of more memorable, cognitively engaging, and experiential environments.