Surveying post-1204 Arta: art and architecture in the first capital of the despotate of Epirus (1200-1330s)

Abstract

This thesis explores the outflow of aristocratic families from Constantinople following the Fourth Crusade in 1204 to Epirus and the impact of this population movement on architecture and art in Epirus’ capital city, Arta. The patronage and motivations of the said families in the architectural developments, iconographic programs and messaging in Arta are examined, by way of reviewing the material evidence against the background of the political developments involving Epirus in the thirteenth century. After the introductory first chapter, Chapter 2 focuses on the contemporary and other sources regarding the historical background on the events of the fourth crusade and its aftermath, particularly in the region of Epirus. The chapter will also include the brief overview of Epirus before and after 1204, in the thirteenth century. The focus of the Chapter 3 is on art and architecture in Arta. The developments in monumental architecture are reviewed against the historical context, with an aim of tracing the changes in the patronage and motivations of the Epirote rulers and aristocracy during the thirteenth century. The conclusion provides the summary of findings of the research. Elevation of Epiros’ political and military status in the thirteenth century that manifested itself in the quest of its rulers to first take over Constantinople, and then to achieve and maintain independence created a context which boosted the architectural activities and art. With a mix of Constantinopolitan and western influences, and with themes ranging from attempts to re-create the atmosphere of Constantinople to creating something entirely new in the independent Epirus, the ruling, ecclesiastic and aristocratic families sought to seek legitimacy, garner support, announce their ambitions and promote their agenda.