Probing the charge build-up and dissipation on thin PMMA film surfaces at the molecular level by XPS

Abstract

What's the charge? X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to determine the charge state and dynamics of charge build‐up and decay on a thin poly(methyl methacrylate) film. The film is initially negatively charged to around −2 V and becomes progressively positively charged during the course of the XPS analysis.