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Item Open Access Türkiye’de Rekabet Hukuku ve Rekabet Kurumunun tarihi(Bilkent University, 2022) Hakalmaz, Turaç; Durmaz, Ahmet Fatih; Karaman, Doruk; Güngör, Hazal Eylem; Deringöl, Salih; Sasani, SenaRekabet, serbest piyasa ekonomilerinde tüketicinin korunması ve ekonomik refahın sağlanması açısından önemli bir kavramdır. Bu kavram, Türkiye’de 1970’li yıllarda gelişmeye başlayıp 1994 yılında 4054 sayılı Rekabetin Korunması Hakkında Kanun ile hukuki zemine oturtulmuştur. Rekabet Kurumu ise Kanunun kabulünden 3 yıl sonra, 1997 yılında kurulmuştur ve günümüzde hâlen faaliyet göstermektedir. Rekabetin Türk piyasasındaki yeri ve Rekabet Kurumu, bugüne kadar farklı süreçlerden geçmiştir.Bu nedenle rekabet kavramı 1994 öncesi, 1994-1997 arası ve 1997 sonrası olmak üzere üç farklı dönemde incelenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda, önce rekabet kavramı daha sonrasında Rekabet Kurumunun kuruluşundan sonra getirilen düzenlemeler ve emsal kararlarla beraber Türkiye’deki rekabet kavramının tarihi anlatılmış ve emsal kararlarla işlevi gösterilmiştir.Item Open Access Gift exchange as a mean of expression of power: The case of Crimean-Muscovite relations(Akadémiai Kiadó, 2023-06-21) Türk, AhmetIn the titulature, the Crimean Khans have particularly emphasized their Chinggisid origins as a proof of their legitimacy. Yasa [Chinggisid Law] and töre [tradition] also played a crucial role in domestic affairs. The political institutions and customs developed by Chinggis Khan continued to exist in the successor Khanates. The practice of demanding luxury goods as tribute from the subject peoples for the consumption of the ruling elite was one of them. In this article, I will first show that the tiş [tusk] was a developed version of the tribute dedicated for the consumption of ruling elite. Second, I will try to show why tiş should be considered as a tribute contrary to the Russian claim that it was a gift and its significance for the Crimean Tatars. Finally, I will demonstrate how the socio-political developments in the Crimean Tatar society like the growing influence of the karaçis and the service mirzas was reflected in the tiş defters [books].Item Open Access The closing of the diplomatic mind(Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2023-02-05) Weisbrode, Kenneth; Hare, P. W.; Manfredi-Sánchez, J. L.; Weisbrode, KennethWhy does today’s diplomatic imagination appear so limited? When, how, and why did it begin to shrink? To understand the current state of diplomacy and how it may be renewed and reformed, one must go back at least 30 years to trace the evolution of the international system when diplomats sought after the demise of the Soviet Union to redefine what had been depicted simplistically as a bipolar world. For many optimists of that generation, today’s polarized and contentious international system may appear disappointing. Disappointment need not last. Diplomatic theory and practice have been renewed many times before in order to adapt to changes in technology, society, and politics, which today go by the name of globalization. Now may be the time for another “new diplomacy.” It could begin by reinvigorating the diplomatic imagination.Item Open Access The transformation of urban space before and after the Greek revolution: the case of mega revma (Arnavutköy)(Nefeli Publications, 2023-12-29) Ansel, EsraItem Open Access How the powerful maintained their power: land, violence and identity in fin de siècle Palu(Routledge, 2023-05-16) Kalkan, İbrahim Halil; Miller, Owen RobertThis article is set in the environs of the Eastern Anatolian town of Palu at the turn of the twentieth century. At the heart of this investigation is a puzzle: how did the local elite manage to maintain their power in the face of first Tanzimat (1839–1876) and then Hamidian centralization (1876–1908)? Based on the study of a range of primary sources, it appears that the local elites were able to ‘use’ the Armenian Question, and the fears of the central authorities, to their advantage. The elites increasingly presented themselves as ‘loyal Muslims’ in the face of supposedly ‘seditious Armenians’ to maintain control of the land. In addition to British Foreign Office documents, our article relies primarily on a voluminous legal file compiled from the catalogues of the Ottoman Archives, Istanbul composed by different segments of the region’s population.Item Open Access Bureaucrats into merchants: tea, capitalism and the making of the Republican bourgeois(Routledge, 2023-05-03) Ansel, EsraThis article uses the story of the Albayrak Tea Company and its founder Mustafa Nezih Albayrak as a prism to examine the formation of a class of Muslim merchants in early Republican Turkey. Mustafa Nezih Bey, an Ottoman bureaucrat who ventured into business in the late 1910s, became one of the most prominent tea merchants in the early Republic, paving the way for its mass consumption. Looking at the overlap between the late Ottoman bureaucracy and the Turkish bourgeoisie, this study aims to show a continuation in the economic field rather than a break between the Late Ottoman Empire and Early Republican Turkey. The making of the Republican merchant elite was a complex process that involved not only state policies and long legacies of merchant activity from the Ottoman era but transformations in education and mass media in the aftermath of the 1908 Revolution.Item Open Access The last man takes LSD: Foucault and the end of revolution(John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, 2022-08-01) Bryson, DennisItem Open Access A Muslim intellectual in Korea: Abdürreşid İbrahim (1857–1944) and Situating Korea in the Pan-Asian world order(UNESCO * Korean National Commission, 2022) Kubat, Muhammed CihadAbdürreşid İbrahim, a leading Muslim scholar originally from Russia, embarked on his journey to Japan in 1908 to meet with his contacts from Kokuryūkai (Black Dragon Society). On his way back, he spent around ten days in the Korean Empire. İbrahim, who was convinced of the “barbarism” of the West, found quite a few examples in Korea to build upon his theory of “Eastern civility,” just as he had found during his time in Japan. He met with a range of people, from porters to the Korean Empire’s Interior Minister, and wrote about them in his travelogue titled Âlem-i İslam [The World of Islam]. This paper argues that İbrahim was particularly sympathetic to Koreans because he saw their position in a world of imperial hierarchies as analogous to that of Muslims in the Russian Empire. In Korea, İbrahim’s anti-Westernism is coupled with his vision of a Pan-Asian world order led by Imperial Japan. Âlem-i İslam is significant because it is the only account of the Korean Empire’s final years written by a Muslim intellectual.Item Open Access North Korean military proliferation in the Middle East and Africa: Enabling violence and instability(Routledge, 2022-05-22) Kubat, Muhammed CihadItem Open Access Freemasonry’s political and diplomatic entanglements in the last phase of Ottoman history: the peculiar case of the Committee of Union and Progress(Routledge, 2022-09-14) Tiryaki, Rüştü MuratFreemasonic activity in the Ottoman lands saw an unprecedented growth and dynamism in the final phase of Ottoman history particularly benefitting from its close association with the Young Turk movement and its political apparatus, the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP). Ottoman freemasonry was led to a new level of popularity with a great deal of public visibility, a consequence of which was the formation of the Ottoman Grand Orient as a national organization for the first time in the Ottoman lands. Despite the ensuing controversial accusations and conspiracy theories against the freemasonic institution which became commonplace during the period in question, it occupied a place within the Ottoman state and society which it had never attained before. This made it possible for the Ottoman freemasons to integrate themselves to the universal fraternal discourse of the freemasonic philosophy during a last attempt of the Ottoman administration to keep its remaining lands intact. The intention of this article is to create a window within the broader picture of the socio-political environment of the time with a view to the position and involvement of freemasonry in which its association with the CUP often stands out as a major factor.Item Open Access Laura Nasrallah, Annemarie Luijendijk and Charalambos Bakırtzıs (eds), from roman to early Christian Cyprus(Published by Cambridge University Press, 2022-01-28) Gülsevinç, F.; Zavagno, LucaItem Open Access Special double issue on globality(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2021-08-03) Weisbrode, KennethItem Open Access Shields of the republic: the triumph and peril of America’s alliances(Routledge, 2021-04-02) Weisbrode, KennethItem Open Access Locus, sanctus, et virtus: monastic surnaming in late medieval and early Tudor England reviewed(Brepols Publishers, 2021) Thornton, David EwanThis article examines the apparent practice among monks and regular canons in England before the Dissolution of dropping their family surnames on admission/profession, and adopting instead a new ‘monastic byname’, derived from a place name (toponym) or, by the late fifteenth century onwards, from a saint’s name (hagionym) or a virtue. The article begins by reviewing evidence that this onomastic practice existed and determining how widespread it was. The nature and distribution of the toponymic, hagionymic, and virtue bynames are then examined in turn. The article concludes by considering the underlying reason for the adoption of monastic bynames and argues that this practice served as a means of reflecting symbolically the new monk’s or canon’s separation from lay society, and from his family in particular, and his incorporation into the monastic community.Item Open Access A mynach by any other name . . . : the anthroponymy of the welsh cistercians, c.1300–1540(University of Wales Press, 2021-12-01) Thornton, David E.This paper analyses the forenames and 'surnames' of over 600 monks associated with Cistercian abbeys in Wales between c .1300 and c.1540 in an attempt to determine what these names can reveal about the ethnic identities or identifications of their individual bearers and of their respective houses. The names are compared with those of white monks and other religious in England during the same period, as well as with naming patterns among the laity of contemporary Wales and England. The names of the brethren at different monasteries could vary significantly, and it is argued that this was a result partly of the stronger Welsh identity of the monks at certain Cistercian houses, but was also because the practice of adopting 'monastic bynames' – common at monasteries in late medieval England – was followed at some Welsh abbeys but not all.Item Open Access From stay-at-home women to career-minded women: the Istanbul YWCA, 1919–1930(Routledge, 2021-07-26) Karabağ, MüzeyyenExamining the labor policies of the Young Women’s Christian Association (YWCA) in Istanbul from 1919–1930, this article claims that the organization’s mainly American staff were critical of women who stayed at home because the idea of being ‘an individual’ for them meant working, or having a professional goal. They encouraged young women develop their individuality and self-expression as independent career-oriented women. By establishing an Employment Bureau, offering business training, presenting career-oriented role models and talks, YWCA staff encouraged young women to gain financial independence and pushed them towards making active decisions about their careers, detaching them from paternal and societal authority. Working for oneself and focusing on one’s own career became the key to taking control of one’s life and choices, pursuing personal happiness and potential, all of which was part of attaining a sense of individuality. Their prioritizing of having a career over marriage and motherhood contributed to feminist activism. This case-study argues that the YWCA’s mainly American staff at the Istanbul centers promoted the value of a professional identity for women beyond the bounds of nationalistic duty or motherhood, which contrasted with the late Ottoman state’s and Early Republican Turkey’s ideologies while simultaneously challenging gender roles and patriarchal codes.Item Open Access The Fleet in Being: An Alternative US Strategy(Routledge, 2021-05-25) Weisbrode, KennethContemporary American statecraft should be based empirically on the existence of a polycentric world and the role of multilateral institutions within it.Item Open Access Modelling the maritime cultural landscape of the Costiera Amalfitana: the first three seasons of research (2016–2018)(Taylor & Francis, 2021-08-10) Harpster, M.; Trakadas, A.; Denel, E.; Capriglione, V.; Lucarini, C.; Meranda, M.; Morselli, M.; Pelling, R.; Bennett, I.; Zazzaro, C.; Demirci, Ö.; Donadio, C.; Ferranti, L.; Stanislao, C.; Zavagno, Luca; Pecci, P.Human activity along the Amalfi coastline in Italy has been tied to the sea for millennia – for sustenance, migration, trade, warfare, and leisure. As a result, this region has an equally rich and extensive maritime cultural landscape composed of tangible and intangible elements. In 2016, a multi-disciplinary project began efforts to model and to understand changes within this landscape, and this essay presents the preliminary results of our first three seasons of work. Some efforts, such as the documentation of maritime cultural heritage in local museums, archival work, and geomorphological research proceeded smoothly. Unexpectedly, however, little material from the pre-modern era was found under water, adding questions to this study that future work in the Marine Protected Area west of Positano may answer.Item Open Access Editorial (Weisbrode, Kenneth)(Brill, 2019) Scott-Smith, G.; Weisbrode, KennethItem Open Access Stability or mobility? Movement between cistercian houses in late medieval England and wales(Peeters, 2019) Thornton, David E.The movement or “transfer” by members of monastic orders between religious houses has generally been discouraged by ecclesiastical authorities.1 In the case of monks, transfer to another monastery technically contravenes the vow of stability made at profession and thereby requires not only the formal permission of the current superior but also a second profession at the new house (“change of stability”). However, there survives abundant evidence that monks and regular canons in medieval England and Wales did indeed move between houses. This paper will examine the question of movement between Cistercian monasteries in late medieval England and Wales, based upon an ongoing prosopographical study of English and Welsh Cistercians between c. 1300 to c. 1540, and in particular the suggestion, made by a number of historians, that Cistercian monks who bore a surname (or, what will hereafter be termed monastic byname)2 that was also the name of another Cistercian abbey had some previous association with that other abbey. In addition, the paper will also consider the related topic of the promotion of monks as abbots of other monasteries.