Browsing by Type "Book Chapter"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 1208

Open Access
1-6 üniteler
(Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2006) Konuralp, Haluk; Özekes, M.; Gökbel, D.
Open Access
1814'ten 2011 'e Seyahatname araştırmalarının tarihçesi
(T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, 2011) Tezcan, Nuran; Tezcan, Nuran; Tezcan, S.
Open Access
2008-2011 world economic crisis, new paradigms, science methodology, information systems, and decision systems
(IGI Global, 2014) Güvenen, O.
The human society and market structures need a "regulatory framework," new paradigms which endogenize ethics, efficiency, rights, and minimize risks in decision systems, which can converge in peace and human sustainability. Ethics is a necessary condition for any system at the individual, institutional, corporation, national, and international levels. Globalization with automation transformed global market parameters. Information distortion in information systems may create high alternative costs such as problems of quantification of socio-economic phenomena and negative impacts on quantitative and qualitative distortions in decision-making structures. In the 21st century, it became a necessary condition to transform power driven systems to science and culture and endogenize ecology, ethics, which aims "human optimal" welfare decision systems at the world level. © 2015, IGI Global.
Open Access
3D breast cancer model on silk fibroin–integrated microfluidic chips
(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2024) Yılmaz, Eylül Gülşen; İnci, Fatih
To imitate in vivo environment of cells, microfluidics offer controllable fashions at micro-scale and enable regulate flow-related parameters precisely, leveraging the current state of 3D systems to 4D level through the inclusion of flow and shear stress. In particular, integrating silk fibroin as an adhering layer with microfluidic chips enables to form more comprehensive and biocompatible network between cells since silk fibroin holds outstanding mechanical and biological properties such as easy processability, biocompatibility, controllable biodegradation, and versatile functionalization. In this chapter, we describe design and fabrication of a microfluidic chip, with silk fibroin-covered microchannels for the formation of 3D structures, such as MCF-7 (human breast cancer) cell spheroids as a model system. All the steps performed here are characterized by surface-sensitive tools and standard tissue culture methods. Overall, this strategy can be easily integrated into various high-tech application areas such as drug delivery systems, regenerative medicine, and tissue engineering in near future.
Open Access
3D Force field spectroscopy
(Springer, Cham, 2015) Baykara, Mehmet Z.; Schwarz, U. D.; Morita, S.; Giessibl, F. J.; Meyer, E.; Wiesendanger, R.
With recent advances in instrumentation and experimental methodology, noncontact atomic force microscopy is now being frequently used to measure the atomic-scale interactions acting between a sharp probe tip and surfaces of interest as a function of three spatial dimensions, via the method of three-dimensional atomic force microscopy (3D-AFM). In this chapter, we discuss the different data collection and processing approaches taken towards this goal while highlighting the associated advantages and disadvantages in terms of correct interpretation of results. Additionally, common sources of artifacts in 3D-AFM measurements, including thermal drift, piezo nonlinearities, and tip-related issues such as asymmetry and elasticity are considered. Finally, the combination of 3D-AFM with simultaneous scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is illustrated on surface-oxidized Cu(100). We conclude the chapter by an outlook regarding the future development of the 3D-AFM method.
Open Access
3D thumbnails for 3D videos with depth
(IGI Global, 2011) Yigit, Y.; Isler, S. F.; Capin, T.
In this chapter, we present a new thumbnail format for 3D videos with depth, 3D thumbnail, which helps users to understand the content by preserving the recognizable features and qualities of 3D videos. The current thumbnail solutions do not give the general idea of the content and are not illustrative. In spite of the existence of 3D media content databases, there is no thumbnail representation for 3D contents. Thus, we propose a framework that generates 3D thumbnails from layered depth video (LDV) and video plus depth (V+D) by using two different methodologies on importance maps: Saliency-depth and layer based approaches. Finally, several experiments are presented that indicate 3D thumbnails are illustrative. © 2012, IGI Global.
Open Access
6098 sayılı Yeni Türk Borçlar Kanunu’nun irade sakatlıkları ve gabine (aşırı yararlanmaya) ilişkin hükümlerinin değerlendirilmesi
(Ankara Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2017) Çağlayan-Aksoy, Pınar; Oğuz, A.; Özden Merhacı, S.; Özkan, Z.; Umut Erkan, V.
Open Access
A call for feminist insights in cybersecurity: implementing United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace, and security in cyberspace
(Oxford University Press, 2024-03-21) Whetstone, Crystal; Luna, K.C.; Mhajne, Anwar; Henshaw, Alexis
This chapter is a call for the United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) and the WPS agenda to be applied within cyberspace. Given the extent of cyberspace, the chapter argues that applying UNSCR 1325 to the virtual sphere will facilitate attention and resources to better address women’s security from a holistic perspective. The chapter focuses on both conflict-affected countries where gender-based violence increases in war environments and fragile states where cybercrime increases due to the vulnerabilities of the population. Following a critical rereading of UNSCR 1325, the chapter outlines a theoretical framework that builds on the work of previous feminist international relations (IR) scholars who have called for the expansion of UNSCR 1325 in innovative ways. The chapter highlights five areas where UNSCR 1325 and the WPS agenda can move forward in scholarship, advocacy, and policymaking to better secure women, girls, and other minorities in cyberspace.
Open Access
Ab-initio atomic scale study of nearly frictionless surfaces
(Elsevier, 2007) Çıracı, Salim; Yıldırım, T.; Dağ, S.; Gülseren, Oğuz; Erdemir, A.; Martin, J. -M.
This chapter presents a comparative analysis of the dry sliding friction between the atomically flat and commensurate surfaces of two different systems: between two diamond (001) surfaces and between two BN (001) surfaces. The interaction between bare diamond (001) - (2 × 1) surfaces is strongly attractive until there is a small spacing d ∼ 1.5 Å, and the interaction forms strong chemical bonds between two surfaces. However, the interaction turns repulsive if two surfaces are pushed under high loading force. Upon hydrogenation, hydrogen atoms donate charge to the carbon atom and become positively charged. The interaction between surfaces carrying the same type of charge becomes repulsive. This appears to be the most important component of the superlow friction. The repulsive interaction persists at any relative position of the sliding surfaces and is strong even at large distance to prevent C-H bonds from merging. Strong and stiff C-H bonds and stiff diamond crystal by itself prevent excessive energy from dissipation. The oxygenation of surfaces in the atmospheric conditions finally destroys the steady repulsive interaction. However, the interaction between two bare reconstructed BN (001) surfaces is different from that of the diamond (001) surface because of the ionic nature of the crystal. BN being an ionic crystal with electron transfers from B to N, the bare surface is already negatively charged. Under these circumstances, the strong chemical interaction is canceled by the repulsive Coulombic interaction, resulting in a weak attractive interaction. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Open Access
Abazin
(ABC-CLIO, 2011) Karasar, Hasan Ali; Cole, J. E.
Open Access
Achieving inclusion in public spaces: A shopping mall case study
(Springer, London, 2012) Afacan, Yasemin
Open Access
Acropolis
(SAGE, 2010) Gates, Charles; Hutchison, R.
Open Access
Adaptation and systems of cultural value
(Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2017) Kennedy-Karpat, Colleen; Sandberg, E.; Kennedy-Karpat, Colleen; Sandberg, E.
Open Access
Adapting iterative-improvement heuristics for scheduling file-sharing tasks on heterogeneous platforms
(Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008) Kaya, Kamer; Uçar, B.; Aykanat, Cevdet; Xhafa, F.; Abraham, A.
We consider the problem of scheduling an application on a computing system consisting of heterogeneous processors and one or more file repositories. The application consists of a large number of file-sharing, otherwise independent tasks. The files initially reside on the repositories. The interconnection network is heterogeneous. We focus on two disjoint problem cases. In the first case, there is only one file repository which is called as the master processor. In the second case, there are two or more repositories, each holding a distinct set of files. The problem is to assign the tasks to the processors, to schedule the file transfers from the repositories, and to order the executions of tasks on each processor in such a way that the turnaround time is minimized. This chapter surveys several solution techniques; but the stress is on our two recent works [22,23]. At the first glance, iterative-improvement-based heuristics do not seem to be suitable for the aforementioned scheduling problems. This is because their immediate application suggests iteratively improving a complete schedule, and hence building and exploring a complex neighborhood around the current schedule. Such complex neighborhood structures usually render the heuristics time-consuming and make them stuck to a part of the search space. However, in both of the our recent works, we show that these issues can be solved by using a three-phase approach: initial task assignment, refinement, and execution ordering. The main thrust of these two works is that iterative-improve-based heuristics can efficiently deliver effective solutions, implying that iterative-improve-based heuristics can provide highly competitive solutions to the similar scheduling problems.
Open Access
Adaptive methods for dithering color images
(SPIE Optical Engineering Press, 1995) Akarun, L.; Yardımcı, Y.; Çetin, A. Enis; Allebach, J. P.
Open Access
Adaptive states and the new transnational security regime
(Routledge, 2010) Aydınlı, Ersel; Aydınlı, Ersel
Open Access
Addressing Kurdish separatism in Turkey
(Palgrave Macmillan, 1999) Müftüler-Baç, Meltem; Ross, M. H.; Rothman, J.
One of the ongoing themes in descriptions of ethnic conflicts and their settlement is that there is a role for a wide range of interveners. The reason for this may be simple: that there is a great deal which needs to occur before hostile groups can find ways to live together in relativepeace. A well-developed theory of ethnic conflict resolution would not only take into account the roles that different actors can play in the process, but would also offer insights into the particular roles each might play at different stages of a conflict.
Open Access
The adoption of pictorial imagery in Minoan wall painting: a comparativist perspective
(The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 2004) Gates, Charles; Chapin, A.
A striking feature of Minoan wall paintings is the sudden adoption of pictorial imagery in the Neopalatial period. This change calls for an explanation, but so far, that explanation has proved elusive. Those specialists in Aegean frescoes who have addressed this problem have focused on the possible artistic antecedents or on the functions of the mural imagery, notably its putative religious and decorative purposes, but have not considered the circumstances that gave rise to such imagery in the first place. This paper will explore these issues of origins and functions, with particular attention paid to Knossos. The explanation proposed here, with the help of three cross-cultural comparisons, is that pictorial imagery in Minoan wall painting resulted from the major political change that marked the transition from the Protopalatial to Neopalatial periods on Crete: the consolidation of island-wide power in Knossos, in the hands not of an auto- crat, but of an oligarchic or theocratic regime. Pictorial imagery, at least in Neopalatial Crete, is not only an artistic preference, but also an ideological choice, an expression of particular political, social, and religious conditions.
Open Access
Advances in business analytics at HP laboratories
(Springer, Boston, 2010) Beyer, D.; Clearwater, S.; Chen, K. Y.; Feng, Q.; Huberman, B. A.; Jain, S.; Jamal, Z.; Şen, Alper; Tang, H. K.; Tarjan, B.; Ward, J.; Zhang, A.; Zhang, B.; Sodhi, M. S.; Tang, C. S.
HP Labs’ Business Optimization Lab is a group of researchers focused on developing innovations in business analytics that deliver value to HP. This chapter describes several activities of the Business Optimization Lab, including work in product portfolio management, prediction markets, modeling of rare events in marketing, and supply chain network design.
Open Access
Advances in nanoparticle‐based medical diagnostic and therapeutic techniques
(John Wiley & Sons, 2016-03-11) Sardan, Melis; Özkan, Alper Devrim; Zengin, Aygül; Tekinay, Ayşe B.; Güler, Mustafa O.; Güler, Mustafa O.; Tekinay, Ayşe B.
Advances in modern medicine have eliminated several major causes of human mortality and considerably extended life expectancies around the world; however, this increase in the global age average has also boosted the incidences of age‐associated disorders. These conditions, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular disease, severely decrease the quality of life for the affected but are highly polymorphic and often difficult to treat. This chapter describes the characteristics of nanoparticle (NP) contrast agents (CAs) proposed for use in medical imaging, and details the surface modification methods used to designate specific targets for their attachment. It then compares their effectiveness and toxicity compared to conventional methods of contrast enhancement, and discusses the contribution that nanoscience has had, and will have, on medical imaging and disease diagnosis at large.