Browsing by Subject "young adult"

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    Beyond the 'East-West' dichotomy: Global variation in cultural models of selfhood
    (American Psychological Association Inc., 2016) Vignoles, V. L.; Owe, E.; Becker, M.; Smith, P. B.; Easterbrook, M. J.; Brown, R.; González, R.; Didier, N.; Carrasco, D.; Cadena, M. P.; Lay, S.; Schwartz, S. J.; Rosiers, S. E. D.; Villamar, J. A.; Gavreliuc, A.; Zinkeng, M.; Kreuzbauer, R.; Baguma, P.; Martin, M.; Tatarko, A.; Herman, G.; de Sauvage, I.; Courtois, M.; Gardarsdóttir, R. B.; Harb, C.; Gallo, I. S.; Gil, P. P.; Clemares, R. L.; Campara, G.; Nizharadze, G.; Macapagal, M. E. J.; Jalal, B.; Bourguignon, D.; Zhang, J.; Lv, S.; Chybicka, A.; Yuki, M.; Zhang X.; Espinosa, A.; Valk, A.; Abuhamdeh, S.; Amponsah, B.; Özgen E.; Guner, E. Ü.; Yamakoglu, N.; Chobthamkit, P.; Pyszczynski, T.; Kesebir, P.; Trujillo, E. V.; Balanta, P.; Ayala, B. C.; Koller, S. H.; Jaafar, J. L.; Gausel, N.; Fischer, R.; Milfont, T. L.; Kusdil, E.; Çağlar, S.; Aldhafri, S.; Ferreira, M. C.; Mekonnen, K. H.; Wang, Q.; Fülöp, M.; Torres, A.; Camino, L.; Lemos, F. C. S.; Fritsche, I.; Möller, B.; Regalia, C.; Manzi, C.; Brambilla, M.; Bond, M. H.
    Markus and Kitayama's (1991) theory of independent and interdependent self-construals had a major influence on social, personality, and developmental psychology by highlighting the role of culture in psychological processes. However, research has relied excessively on contrasts between North American and East Asian samples, and commonly used self-report measures of independence and interdependence frequently fail to show predicted cultural differences. We revisited the conceptualization and measurement of independent and interdependent self-construals in 2 large-scale multinational surveys, using improved methods for cross-cultural research. We developed (Study 1: N = 2924 students in 16 nations) and validated across cultures (Study 2: N = 7279 adults from 55 cultural groups in 33 nations) a new 7-dimensional model of self-reported ways of being independent or interdependent. Patterns of global variation support some of Markus and Kitayama's predictions, but a simple contrast between independence and interdependence does not adequately capture the diverse models of selfhood that prevail in different world regions. Cultural groups emphasize different ways of being both independent and interdependent, depending on individualism-collectivism, national socioeconomic development, and religious heritage. Our 7-dimensional model will allow future researchers to test more accurately the implications of cultural models of selfhood for psychological processes in diverse ecocultural contexts. © 2016 American Psychological Association.
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    Perisylvian GABA levels in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2017) Atagün, M. İ.; Şıkoglu, M. E.; Soykan, Ç.; Can, S. S.; Ulusoy-Kaymak S.; Çayköylü, A.; Algın O.; Phillips, M. L.; Öngür, D.; Moore, C. M.
    The aim of this study is to measure GABA levels of perisylvian cortices in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Patients with schizophrenia (n = 25), bipolar I disorder (BD-I; n = 28) and bipolar II disorder (BD-II; n = 20) were compared with healthy controls (n = 30).1H-MRS data was acquired using a Siemens 3 T whole body scanner to quantify right and left perisylvian structures’ (including superior temporal lobes) GABA levels. Right perisylvian GABA values differed significantly between groups [χ2= 9.62, df: 3, p = 0.022]. GABA levels were significantly higher in the schizophrenia group compared with the healthy control group (p = 0.002). Furthermore, Chlorpromazine equivalent doses of antipsychotics correlated with right hemisphere GABA levels (r2= 0.68, p = 0.006, n = 33). GABA levels are elevated in the right hemisphere in patients with schizophrenia in comparison to bipolar disorder and healthy controls. The balance between excitatory and inhibitory controls over the cortical circuits may have direct relationship with GABAergic functions in auditory cortices. In addition, GABA levels may be altered by brain regions of interest, psychotropic medications, and clinical stage in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. � 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd