Browsing by Subject "psychoanalysis"

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Open Access
Gaston Bachelard'ın psikanalitik yaklaşımıyla Ahmed Hâşim'in şiirlerinde ateş
(2011) Korkmaz, Nurseli Gamze
Gaston Bachelard, in his works “The Psychoanalysis of Fire” and “The Flame of a Candle” had established a correlation between fire, purity, plants and the complexes labeled as the Prometheus, Empedocles, Novalis and Hoffmann. It is convenient to explain the images and metaphors that are often seen and related with fire in Ahmed Hâşim‟s poems with Bachelard‟s so-called correlation. The complexes defined by Bachelard and other explanations about fire are fundamentally based on psychoanalytic interpretations. The signs of Prometheus complex in the images of Ahmed Hâşim‟s poems are observed in the form of deifying fire and/or other objects which signify fire. On the other hand, the Prometheus complex which is defined as” the Oedipus complex of the life of the intellect” by Bachelard, is seen in a different form in Ahmed Hâşim‟s poems as the violation of the policy of “Stay away from the fire!” which is Law of the Father, as well. The poetic images in Haşim‟s poems that are based on “rubbing”, “love” and “privacy” are basically explained according to the Novalis complex which asserts that fire comes out of a sexual rubbing. These concepts evoke “happiness” and “heat”, as well. The poetic images in which the beams of the sun reflected into the water- the sun is one of the objects that signify the firein Hâşim‟s poems are read as the sexual association of two essences; one of them is feminine and the other is masculine according to the Hoffmann complex. Whereas, it is especially focused on the transcendental and purifying features of the light in the images and metaphors of the poems in which the fire is idealized. The images that bring together fire and plants in Hâşim‟s poems could also be read by the thesis of Bachelard. For Bachelard, fire is vertical and anything vertical evokes fire. According to this argument, in Haşim‟s poems while trees signify fire, fruits of trees are described as the light which is the fruit of the fire. In a similar way, it is possible to explain all the images regarding fire in Haşim‟s poems with Bachelard‟s thesis. The aim of this thesis is to be a trial of analyzing the images and metaphors in Ahmed Hâşim‟s poems with Bachelard‟s concepts.
Open Access
Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil'in romanlarında aşk ve nesne ilişkileri
(2002) Arslanoğlu, Arsev Ayşen
Love and Object Relations in the Novels of Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil Love has been one of the most common themes in world literature at all times. The long-lasting effect of love on an individual’s life stems from its deep-rooted significance for the psyche. In this M.A. thesis the themes of love and self-sacrifice in the novels of Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil (1865-1945) are examined in depth through the methods of psychoanalytic criticism. Many Turkish critics consider Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil to be the first Turkish novelist on account of the maturity and psychological depth of his writings when this genre was newly developing. Uşaklıgil, who wrote in almost every genre of literature, usually deals with unrequited or unhappy love affairs, which often end in tragic loss, suicide or other forms of disaster. The author’s propensity for the tragic turns his novels into rich embodiments of textual material for psychoanalytically-based literary investigations. In this study, the concept of libido first developed by Sigmund Freud, and various analytical concepts in the realm of object relations theory first developed by Melanie Klein will be employed as key terms of analysis. Although the views of these theorists differ in certain respects, their approach to the individual’s psychosexual development and the problems faced in the process of love may be considered complementary. In view of these and other theorists’ analysis of love, we conclude that love is a process of transformation in which “the other” becomes part of the ego together with all of its psychological consequences. In the ego’s search for bliss, the sense of security that the prospect of the unification of the ego with the other presents, turns the beloved into the ultimate object. However, the ego structures of the lovers determine whether the outcome of the relationship will be happy or not. Hence, when the beloved becomes the sole reason for one’s existence—as in the novels of Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil— relinquishing all other object representations and threatening the independence of ego structures, love turns unavoidably into tragedy. In this thesis, Aşk-ı Memnu (Forbidden Love, 1900) and Mai ve Siyah (Blue and Black, 1897), two masterpieces of Uşaklıgil as well as of Turkish literature, are studied in depth in terms of love and object relations. Both novels present various characters who are dragged into tragedy because of the very constitution of their psyche. The study also investigates the patterns of love in the earlier novels of the author in order to compare these novels with the said masterpieces and verify the findings.
Open Access
Şeyhî'nin Hüsrev ü Şîrin mesnevisindeki aşk ilişkileri
(2002) Çulhaoğlu, Gülşen
THE RELATIONSHIPS OF LOVE IN SHEYKHI’S KHUSREW AND SHÎRÎN Şeyhî (Sheykhi)`s masterpiece which is called Hüsrev ü Şirin (Khusrew and Shîrîn) is written in the form of mesnevî (mathnawî), one of the most widely- verse used forms in Divan literature. The prototype of this work was initially written by Genceli Nizamî (Nizâmî Gandjawî) and translated by many poets living in Anatolia and Azerbaijan, thereby spreading the verbal tradition related to Ferhat ile Şirin (Farhâd wa-Shîrîn). Şeyhî`s work is recognized as the best Turkish representative of Hüsrev ü Şirin, the main theme of which is “love”. Its main subject, based on historical realities, is the love triangle among Hüsrev, Şirin and Ferhat. Compared to Nizamî, Şeyhî gives more importance to the historical facts and emphasizes Hüsrev’s efforts to gain authority more than Nizamî does. These elements save Şeyhî’s work from becoming a full, direct translation. As two individuals from a divergent social status but desiring the same object, Hüsrev and Ferhat provide us with significant guidelines in analyzing the theme of love in the course of acquiring Şirin. Hüsrev and Ferhat’s experiences while trying to win over Şirin, their object of love, carry some characteristics which will help us to make a psychoanalytical analysis. In relation to that, the mystical dimension of suffering from love and sacrifices made for it is another subject that can be analyzed. In this thesis, Şeyhî`s mesnevî Hüsrev ü Şirin is examined within the contexts of psychoanalysis and mysticism. Although love is accepted as the main theme of the work, it is ascertained as only a means to help the characters reach authority.
Open Access
Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu'nun romanlarında cinsellik
(2002) Serdar, Ali
Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu (1889-1974), best known by his novels published in the Republican era, started his career as an author in different genres of literature in the years following the Second Constitutional period. In the history of Turkish literature, it is widely accepted that Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu’s literary works that belong to his early years are in accordance with the idea of “art for art’s sake” and that those published in the Republican period reflect a socially-oriented view of art. Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu, whose first novel is published in 1921, has turned out to be one of the most important figures of the Turkish intellectual history of the Republican era not only with his literary personality but also with his active participation in its politics. He is perceived as one of the initiators of the “Canon of National Literature”, especially in relation to his novels. Therefore, his works have become a subject of widespread research, constituting an area of its kind, namely the “Yakup Kadri Readings”. In this work, an alternative reading practice is developed in order to replace the current readings that focus on ideology, history, and politics. The study investigates how Yakup Kadri dealt with the issue of “sexual identity” in his novels, which has not been analyzed so far. Thus, an approach that is based on close reading, character analysis and psychoanalytic theory is carried throughout the study. In order to examine the problematic place of sexuality in the works of Yakup Kadri, three novels of the author, namely Hüküm Gecesi (1927), Yaban (1932) and Bir Sürgün (1937), are chosen for in depth analysis.