Browsing by Subject "Wavelength division multiplexing"

Now showing 1 - 11 of 11

Open Access
A comparative study of single-layer and multi-layer traffic engineering approaches on transparent optical networks
(IEEE, 2007) Şengezer, Namık; Puype, B.; Karasan, Ezhan; Pickavet, M.
This paper comparatively studies single-layer and multi-layer traffic engineering strategies on an IP/MPLS/WDM network. These strategies are evaluated and compared in two different scenarios. In the first scenario, the strategies make use of statistical information on the traffic patterns. In the second scenario, the traffic engineering decisions are based on the instantaneous traffic information only. The performance and benefits of both approaches are discussed based on simulations considering both throughput and network resource usage. © 2007 IEEE.
Open Access
An efficient virtual topology design and traffic engineering scheme for IP/WDM networks
(Springer, 2007) Şengezer, Namık; Karasan, Ezhan
We propose an online traffic engineering (TE) scheme for efficient routing of bandwidth guaranteed connections on a Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS)/wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network with a traffic pattern varying with the time of day. We first consider the problem of designing the WDM virtual topology utilizing multi-hour statistical traffic pattern. After presenting an effective solution to this offline problem, we introduce a Dynamic tRaffic Engineering AlgorithM (DREAM) that makes use of the bandwidth update and rerouting of the label switched paths (LSPs). The performance of DREAM is compared with commonly used online TE schemes and it is shown to be superior in terms of blocked traffic ratio.
Open Access
Exact calculation of blocking probabilities for bufferless optical burst switched links with partial wavelength conversion
(IEEE, 2004-10) Akar, Nail; Karasan, Ezhan
In this paper, we study the blocking probabilities in a wavelength division multiplexing-based asynchronous bufferless optical burst switch equipped with a bank of tuneable wavelength converters that is shared per output link. The size of this bank is generally chosen to be less than the number of wavelengths on the link because of the relatively high cost of wavelength converters using current technologies; this case is referred to as partial wavelength conversion in the literature. We present a probabilistic framework for exactly calculating the blocking probabilities. Burst durations are assumed to be exponentially distributed. Burst arrivals are first assumed to be Poisson and later generalized to the more general phase-type distribution. Unlike existing literature based on approximations and/or simulations, we formulate the problem as one of finding the steadystate solution of a continuous-time Markov chain with a block tridiagonal infinitesimal generator. We propose a numerically efficient and stable solution technique based on block tridiagonal LU factorizations. We show that blocking probabilities can exactly and efficiently be found even for very large systems and rare blocking probabilities. Based on the results of this solution technique, we also show how this analysis can be used for provisioning wavelength channels and converters. © 2004 IEEE.
Open Access
Filtering characteristics of hybrid integrated polymer and compound semiconductor waveguides
(IEEE, 2002) Ozturk, C.; Huntington, A.; Aydınlı, Atilla; Byun, Y.T.; Dagli, N.
This paper reports a study on a compact filter fabricated using hybrid integration of compound semiconductors and polymers. A GaAs epilayer is glued onto a polymer channel waveguide forming a highly asymmetrical directional coupler. This approach results in a narrow band filter due to very different dispersion characteristics of the compound semiconductor and the polymer materials. Furthermore, fiber coupling loss has been significantly reduced, since the input and output coupling is done through the polymer waveguide. Filtering characteristics can be engineered by changing the thickness and the length of the semiconductor epilayer. This can be done precisely using etch stop layers and noncritical lithography. The spectral response of such a filter can also be tuned electronically either using the electro-optic properties of the compound semiconductor or the thermo-optic properties of the polymer.
Open Access
High-speed GaAs-based resonant-cavity-enhanced 1.3-μm photodetector
(SPIE, 2000) Özbay, Ekmel; Kimukin, İbrahim; Bıyıklı, Necmi; Gary, T.
High-speed photodetectors operating at 1.3 and 1.55 μm are important for long distance fiber optic based telecommunication applications. We fabricated GaAs based photodetectors operating at 1.3 μm that depend on internal photoemission as the absorption mechanism. Detectors using internal photoemission have usually very low quantum efficiency. We increased the quantum efficiency using resonant cavity enhancement effect. Resonant cavity enhancement effect also introduced wavelength selectivity which is very important for wavelength division multiplexing based communication systems. The top-illuminated Schottky photodiodes were fabricated by a microwave-compatible monolithic microfabrication process. The top metal layer serves as the top mirror of the Fabry-Perot cavity. Bottom mirror is composed of 15 pair AlAs/GaAs distributed Bragg reflector. We have used transfer matrix method to simulate the optical properties of the photodiodes. Our room temperature quantum efficiency measurement and simulation of our photodiodes at zero bias show that, we have achieved 9 fold enhancement in the quantum efficiency, with respect to a similar photodetector without a cavity. We also investigated the effect of reverse bias on quantum efficiency. Our devices are RC time constant limited with a predicted 3-dB bandwidth of 70 GHz.
Open Access
nOBS: an ns2 based simulation tool for performance Evaluation of TCP Traffic in OBS networks
(Springer-Verlag France, 2007) Gurel, G.; Alparslan, O.; Karasan, E.
Performance evaluation of TCP traffic in OBS networks has been under intensive study, since TCP constitutes the majority of Internet traffic. As a reliable and publicly available simulator, ns2 has been widely used for studying TCP/IP networks; however ns2 lacks many of the components for simulating optical burst switching networks. In this paper, an ns2 based OBS simulation tool (nOBS), which is built for studying burst assembly, scheduling and contention resolution algorithms in OBS networks is presented. The node and link objects in OBS are extended in nOBS for developing optical nodes and optical links. The ingress, core and egress node functionalities are combined into a common optical node architecture, which comprises agents responsible for burstification, routing and scheduling. The effects of burstification parameters, e.g., burstification timeout, burst size and number of burstification buffers per egress node, on TCP performance are investigated using nOBS for different TCP versions and different network topologies.
Open Access
Optical restoration at the wavelength-multiplex-section level in WDM mesh networks
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1998-09) Karasan, E.; Goldstein, E.
In the presence of rapidly growing demand, long-haul multiwavelength lightwave networks face the increasingly critical task of not only transporting large traffic volumes, but also of restoring them in the event of failures. This may be naturally done in two distinct ways: by rerouting individual wavelengths (wavelength-paths), or by rerouting full bundles of multiplexed wavelengths (wavelength-multiplex sections). We here evaluate the prospects for restoration at the wavelength-multiplex-scction level in national-scale long-haul wavelength-division-multiplexed mesh networks. The approach is found to offer the potential of substantial economic benefits, given current transponder costs. These benefits will largely vanish, however, if transponder costs decline by an order of magnitude.
Open Access
Performance of WDM transport networks
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1998-08) Karasan, E.; Ayanoglu, E.
Wavelength division multiplexed point-to-point transport is becoming commonplace in wide area networks. With the expectation that the next step is end-to-end networking of wavelengths (in the optical domain without conversion to electronics), there is a need for new design techniques, a new understanding of the performance issues, and a new performance evaluation methodology in such networks. This paper describes approaches to that end, summarizes research results, and points to open problems.
Open Access
Photonic band gap structures for WDM applications
(IEEE, 2002) Bayındır, Mehmet; Akarca, S. S.; Özbay, Ekmel
A new structure by combining a single cavity and coupled-cavity waveguides (CCWs) for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) applications was proposed. As such, a structure in which the coupling between the cavity mode and the guiding model allows to drop a selective wavelength λi was designed. The selectivity of dropping wavelength was determined by local properties of the cavity modes. Such results were said to be important for designing future ultrasmall optical circuits.
Open Access
Traffic engineering in case of interconnected and integrated layers
(IEEE, 2008-09-10) Hegyi P.; Cinkler, T.; Şengezer, Namık; Karaşan, Ezhan
Open Access
TSCP: a tabu search algorithm for wavelength converting node placement in WDM optical networks
(IEEE, 2005) Şengezer, Namık; Karasan, Ezhan
Sparse wavelength conversion can increase the performance of all-optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks signi cantly by relaxing the wavelength continuity constraint. In this paper, we study the wavelength converter placement problem in multi- ber networks with static traf c demands. We present a tabu search based heuristic algorithm. The objective of the algorithm is to satisfy all the traf c demands with the minimum total cost of bers achieved in the full conversion case, by placing minimum number of wavelength converting nodes. We also implement a greedy algorithm and compare the performances of these converter placement algorithms with the optimum solutions on a sample network. The Tabu search based algorithm achieves the optimum solution in 72% of the test cases and it increases the average number of wavelength converting nodes by less than 10% with respect to the optimum solution. The effect of the utilized routing scheme on the generated solutions and the correlation between the converter node locations and the amount of traf c passing through the nodes are also investigated.