Browsing by Subject "United Kingdom"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7

Open Access
Early outcomes after transoral CO2 laser resection of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: One centre's experience
(Cambridge University Press, 2010) Leong, S. C.; Kathan, C.; Mortimore, S.
Objectives: To review early oncological outcomes following transoral CO2 laser resection of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Design: Retrospective review of hospital electronic database. Setting: Large district general hospital in England, UK.Main outcome measures: Patients' three-year disease-specific survival and disease-free survival were evaluated, including post-operative complications, voice quality and swallowing status. Results: Seventy-seven patients (16 women and 61 men) were identified. Transoral laser excision of squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx was undergone by 65 patients, and the same procedure in the hypopharynx by 12. Patients with laryngeal cancer had statistically better disease-specific survival than those with hypopharyngeal cancer (p=0.021), although the cumulative disease-free survival probability was 0.71 for both larynx and hypopharynx groups. Patients who underwent laryngectomy following failed laser treatment or as a salvage procedure had poorer outcomes.Conclusions: The overall results of this study were comparable with those of other, larger studies. At three-year follow up, cumulative disease-specific survival probabilities were 0.92 and 0.71 for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. Copyright © JLO (1984) Limited 2009.
Open Access
Harbours of crisis and consent: the technopolitics of coastal infrastructure in colonial Cyprus, 1895-1908
(SAGE Publications, 2016-09) Karas, S.; Arapostathis, S.
By the late 1800s British colonial rule in Cyprus was experiencing both a socioeconomic and a legitimacy crisis. Britain's development projects were intended to quell the crisis and consolidate colonial authority. Famagusta Harbour construction was an integral part of that programme, but it antagonised wealthy and influential Cypriots in Larnaca. They believed that such infrastructure would undermine the importance of Larnaca harbour and threaten their commercial and political interests. Their protests threatened the colonial administration with a new crisis that was averted by the integration of Larnaca's Harbour into British plans. The colonial regime had to negotiate and co-operate with local networks of power in order to realise its development programme: harbour development was no mere rational engineering exercise.
Open Access
The impact of inflation uncertainty on interest rates in the UK
(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 1999) Berument, Hakan
This paper assesses the effect of expected inflation and inflation risk on interest rates within the Fisher hypothesis framework. Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic models are used to estimate the conditional variability of inflation as a proxy for risk. With the UK quarterly data from 1958:4 to 1994:4, we found that both the expected inflation and the conditional variability of inflation positively affect the UK three-month Treasury-bill rate.
Open Access
The missing link between inflation uncertainty and interest rates
(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2005) Berument, Hakan; Kilinc, Z.; Ozlale, U.
In the literature, there is no consensus about the direction of the effects of inflation uncertainty on interest rates. This paper states that such a result may stem from differentiation in the sources of the uncertainties and analyzes the effects of different types of inflation uncertainties on a set of interest rates for the UK within an interest rate rule framework. Three types of inflation uncertainties - impulse uncertainty, structural uncertainty and steady-state uncertainty - are derived by using a time-varying parameter model with a Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity specification. It is shown that the impulse uncertainty is positively and the structural uncertainty is negatively correlated with the interest rates. Moreover, these two uncertainties are important to explain short-term interest rates for the period of inflation targeting era. However, this time, the impulse uncertainty is negatively and the structural uncertainty is positively correlated with the overnight interbank interest rates, which is consistent with the general characteristic of the inflation targeting regimes. Lastly, the evidence concerning the effect of the steady-state inflation uncertainty on interest rates is not conclusive. © Scottish Economic Society 2005.
Open Access
New labour's ethical dimension: Statistical trends in Tony Blair's foreign policy speeches
(2010) Mumford, D.; Selck, T.J.
Debate has raged over the extent to which New Labour has succeeded in incorporating an ethical dimension in British foreign policy. The assumption has been that New Labour at least changed the context of foreign policy by adopting a more moralistic language. However, there has been no attempt as yet to show this statistically. Using computer-assisted content analysis of Margaret Thatcher's, Robin Cook's and Tony Blair's foreign policy speeches, and assuming that Blair, as opposed to Cook, is the representative voice of New Labour, this research finds that New Labour has indeed changed the context significantly. However, this change did not occur until after the events of 9/11. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Political Studies Association.
Open Access
The politics of austerity and public policy reform in the EU
(Sage Publications Ltd., 2014-04-07) Ladi, S.; Tsarouhas D.
The European Union (EU) is at a critical juncture that will either trigger further integration or reinforce a mode of intergovernmental cooperation. The spread of market pressure to a growing number of states demonstrates that the crisis needs to be dealt with at the European and not just the national level. Up to now the 'politics of extreme austerity' has been the mainstream recipe promoted to and adopted by member states. The measures are tougher in those countries where there has been external financial assistance (i.e. Greece, Portugal and Ireland) but the rest of Europe is following suit (e.g. Italy and the UK). This introduction outlines the key directions of EU reforms to put into context the more specific cases discussed elsewhere in this symposium. The strengths and weaknesses of the theoretical frameworks employed in the articles are discussed to demonstrate the lessons that the crisis offers for our well-established public policy models and to highlight avenues for further research. Two main arguments are advanced: first, the crisis calls for an interdisciplinary approach to comprehend its full extent and deal with it efficiently; and second, the current political trajectory of the EU calls for urgent changes to strengthen its cohesion and long-term viability.
Open Access
The sensitivity of German and British tourists to news shocks
(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2009) Ertuna, C.; Ertuna, Z. I.
Purpose – This study aims to investigate the impact of news shocks on the growth rate of German and British tourist arrivals in Turkey. Design/methodology/approach – This research utilizes GARCH as a detection device to distinguish the sensitivity of German and British tourists to news shocks, and employs monthly log-differenced tourist arrivals covering the period from January 1996 to December 2006. Findings – The uncertainty about future British arrival rates does not follow any specific pattern. The impact of news shocks seems to have an asymmetric, long-lasting, but decaying, effect on German tourists. The national culture seems to modify the impact of news shocks on visiting decisions; German tourists seem to be more sensitive to news shocks than British tourists. Research limitations/implications – The research covers only British and German tourists’ decisions to visit Turkey. The question of whether the composition of the mean equation substantially alters the variance structure merits further study. Practical implications – The findings suggest that, in the case of an unexpected negative news shock, tourism and travel-related organizations (private and government) should concentrate their mitigating policy responses on news-sensitive nationalities. Destinations that are more susceptible to negative occurrences such as natural disasters or political instability could reconsider their approaches to their target markets by taking into consideration characteristics of national cultures in their strategy. Originality/value – The paper compares, for the first time, non-event-specific sensitivity of national cultures to news shocks and offers practical recommendations for response strategies.