Browsing by Subject "Turkish Republic"

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Open Access
Addressing Kurdish separatism in Turkey
(Palgrave Macmillan, 1999) Müftüler-Baç, Meltem; Ross, M. H.; Rothman, J.
One of the ongoing themes in descriptions of ethnic conflicts and their settlement is that there is a role for a wide range of interveners. The reason for this may be simple: that there is a great deal which needs to occur before hostile groups can find ways to live together in relativepeace. A well-developed theory of ethnic conflict resolution would not only take into account the roles that different actors can play in the process, but would also offer insights into the particular roles each might play at different stages of a conflict.
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İlham veren kadınlar: İlk kadın Danıştay Başkanı Füruzan İkincioğulları'nın gözünden 1994-1998 yılları arası ; Danıştay
(Bilkent University, 2018) Mutlu, İdil Simge; İkincioğulları, Alp; Uysal, Salih Cem; Bingöl, Cem
Bu araştırma projesinde, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin ilk kadın Danıştay Başkanı olan Füruzan İkincioğulları'nın yorumları ışığında, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin 1994-1998 yılları arasındaki siyasi ve hukuki olaylarının değerlendirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu olaylardan 28 şubat Darbe Girişimi üzerinde özellikle durulmuştur. Füruzan İkincioğulları, 1933 yılında doğmuş, zorlu bir eğitim hayatından sonra tetkik hakimi olarak görevine başladığı Danıştay'a 1994'de başkan olup, bu görevi 1998 yılına kadar sürdürmüştür. Bu proje, Füruzan İkincioğulları'nın hayatının ve görüşlerinin tam anlamıyla anlaşılabilmesi ve incelenebilmesi amacıyla; Füruzan İkincioğulları'nın eğitim hayatını, kariyerini, Danıştay macerasını, başkanlık sürecini, bir kadın olarak karşılaştığı zorlukları/kolaylıkları ve kendisinin hukuk ile ilgili görüşlerini ana başlıklar olarak barındırmaktadır. Projenin temel kaynağı olarak Füruzan İkincioğulları ile yapılan röportaj kullanılmıştır. Bunun yanında, Ankara Barosu ve Gazi üniversitsesi gibi çeşitli kurumların dergileri ve dönemin hukuki ve siyasi olaylarına ilişkin kitaplardan da yararlanılmıştır.
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Is authoritarian modernization effective? a case study of socio-political divergence between Türkiye and Iran as a consequence of the twentieth-century modernization movement
(Bilkent University, 2024) Hamidova, Ayan; Lassem, Nima Kamali; Shadurdyyeva, Leyli; Shukurzade, Murad
Since the beginning of the twentieth century, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and Reza Shah led their nations, Türkiye and Iran, through unstable periods, in means of establishing the modernized Turkish Republic and the Pahlavi dynasty in Iran. This paper discusses the major factors that led to the distinctive pathways of the two countries throughout their history of modernization. Both leaders implemented the patterns based on their politically strategic campaigns, which were mainly under the concepts of secularism, nationalism, and revolutionism. However, Atatürk's additional focus on the interests of the population to gain support for the republic contrasted with Reza Shah's more strictly authoritarian methods, leading to differing outcomes. Distinctive religious sects, Sunnism in Türkiye and Shiasm in Iran influenced the two nations’ reaction to the political reforms. Although Türkiye and Iran followed a similar pattern of diplomatic treaties, the latter experienced obstacles, slowing the pursuit of authoritarian modernization. Thus, differing strategies of regimes, religion, and diplomatic relations, as well as the structural environments based on the history of the two states, diverged Türkiye and Iran in their paths of modernization, in which Türkiye succeeded under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's leadership, while Reza Shah’s efforts for Iran failed.
Open Access
Istanbul
(Palgrave Macmillan, 2016) Kennedy, Valerie; Tambling, J.
Asked what he liked most about Ankara, the poet Yahya Kemal replied, ‘Returning to Istanbul.’ However unfair to Ankara, the reply conjures up Istanbul’s special place in the minds of Turks and non-Turks alike. Located in both Europe and Asia, with a current population estimated at 17 million (‘Istanbul, the Queen of Cities’ 2016), divided by the Bosphorus and the Golden Horn, Istanbul’s geographical situation suggests the brassage de peuples which has characterized the city for much of its existence. For Western travellers from at least the sixteenth century onwards, the city has symbolized, variously, aesthetics, exoticism and/or sensuality, Oriental despotism, and the seclusion of women, functioning as Europe’s ‘Other’ (Said 1995) in terms of culture, government, and religion. The European Capital of Culture in 2010, today, with Turkey’s candidature for membership of the European Union seemingly eternally deferred, and Istanbul struggling to cope with the influx of refugees from Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, and elsewhere, the city once again symbolizes the complex relationship between East and West. Moreover, the heavy-handed government reaction to the summer 2014 Gezi Park protest against the destruction of an Istanbul city park spiralled into countrywide demonstrations against the AKP (the ruling Justice and Development Party of Turkey [conservative]) government of Recep Tayyib Erdoğan, revealing Istanbul’s position on Turkey’s political fault line, just as the 1999 Izmit earthquake reminded us of Istanbul’s geological vulnerability. (Such heavy-handedness was more than repeated in the summer of 2016.) Nowhere is the complex relationship between Istanbul and literature or Istanbul as the meeting place of East and West more clearly dramatized than in the works of Orhan Pamuk, a writer who is controversial at home while being seen as the Turkish author abroad, although there are many other significant Turkish writers.
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Was Esref Kuscubasi a hero or a villain?
(Bilkent University, 2021) Azizov, Imamali; Tafish, Osama; Yar, Daniş; Rzayev, Subatay; Nasibov, Farid
The following essay gives detailed information about Esref Kuschubasi, one of the members of Teskilati-Mahsusa, who has gained much of a reputation for being recognized as a hero or traitor throughout his life. Although Esref Kuschubasi displayed himself as a brave soldier especially in his military career and the following wars such as Balkan Wars, his attitude towards the newly formed Turkish Republic under Mustafa Kemal Ataturk changed and made him become against the Turkish Republic and its rule over the region. Esref Kuschubasi was the one who attempted to change the regime of the Turkish Republic by committing more and more crimes as well as joining some rebellious groups such as “Cerkez Ethem’’. Consequently, due to the archive of the Turkish Republic, Esref Kuschibasi was considered primarily guilty of his dangerous actions against the Turkish Republic.