Browsing by Subject "The Ottoman Empire"

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Open Access
The beginnings of Ottoman-German partnership : diplomatic and military relations between Germany and the Ottoman Empire before the First World War
(2003) Öncü, Edip
This thesis analyses the course and nature of Ottoman-German diplomatic and military relations before the First World War. It suggests that Germany and the Ottoman Empire acted according to their own political interests since their first interaction at the beginning of the eighteenth century, although their diplomatic relations were mostly cordial. Far from being close collaborative partners before the First World War, the eventual alliance of the two empires during the war was the natural outcome of each empire’s own political and military objectives rather than the outcome of their friendship before the war. The thesis also studies the Baghdad Railroad Project, the Russian threat against Germany as well as the Ottomans, the German military reform missions to the army of the Sultan, and the political situation in the Empire in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
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Esaretten zafere: Mehmed Çavuş
(Bilkent University, 2022) Tekin, Beyza; Şentürk, Ezgi; Gücün, Deniz; Okumuş, Deniz; Altuntaş, Elif
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu 1912 yılından 1922 yılına kadar yaklaşık 10 yıl süren savaşlardan sonra tarihten silinmiş, yerine, yine bu süreçte verilen İstiklal Savaşı sonucunda Türkiye Cumhuriyeti kurulmuştur. Hayatı araştırma konusu olarak ele alınan Mehmed Çavuş da bu on yıllık sürecin tamamında bilfiil cephelerde bulunmuş ve söz konusu tarihi sürece bizzat şahitlik etmiştir. Balkan Harbi’ne katılması ile başlayan askerlik serüveni, Kafkas Cephesi’nde I. Dünya Harbi’ne, Sarıkamış Harekâtına, daha sonra da Ermeni Tehcirine katılması ile devam etmiştir. Daha sonra Ruslara esir düşerek Sibirya’da esaret hayatı yaşamış, yıllar süren bir yolculuktan sonra Türkiye’ye dönmüştür. Kurtuluş Savaşı’ndan sonra yaklaşık 44 yıl daha yaşayan Mehmed Çavuş, 1966 yılında doğduğu köyde vefat etmiştir. Yine vefatından 49 yıl sonra Türkiye Cumhurbaşkanının onayı ile Millî Savunma Bakanlığı’nca kendisi ile aynı ismi taşıyan torununa İstiklal Madalyası verilmiştir.
Open Access
Imagining the Middle East: the state, nationalism and regional international society
(Bristol University Press, 2015-07-24) Göl, A.
The Middle East is commonly perceived as a zone of cultural and political differences within the global international society. Imagining the Middle East as a ‘unique’ region is not a new idea, but relocating this conception within the English School (ES) of International Relations (IR) is. This article challenges the perceived ‘exceptionalism’ of the Middle East, which claims that the European concepts of state, sovereignty and nationalism are alien to Islam, therefore preventing the emergence of a regional international society. The first part highlights the correlation between Eurocentrism in IR and the lack of interest in regional – area – studies through the critique of Orientalism and the ES. The second part moves to demonstrate why the ES is more explanatory than other IR theories in the context of the Ottoman–European relations. The third part explores the ‘institutional distinctiveness’ of the Middle East, disproving the notion of regional ‘exceptionalism’ and IR’s foundational Eurocentric assumptions. This article concludes by arguing that there is a strong case for calling the Middle East a ‘regional interstate society’, which remains to be a litmus test of whether or not a truly global international society is possible.
Open Access
Karşılaşan oryantalizmler: Osmanlı, İngiliz ve Fransız şarkiyatçılığını seyahat anlatıları üzerinden okumak
(2021-06) Bilgin, Gözde
Bu çalışma, Osmanlı oryantalizminin İngiliz ve Fransız oryantalizmi ile olan ilişkisine odaklanmaktadır. İngiliz, Fransız ve Osmanlı edebiyatından ve görsel kültüründen seçilen örnekler üzerinden bu bağlar incelenmektedir. Seçilen edebi metinler seyahatnameler ve seyahatname özelliği de taşıyan hibrit metinlerdir. Bu eserler, 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısı ve 20. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinden seçilmiştir. Doğu’yu ve Batı’yı bir karşıtlık üzerinden tanımlayan oryantalist sistemin temsilcileri olarak ise İngiliz ve Fransız seyyahlar seçilmiştir. Seçilen metinlerde İngiliz ve Fransız seyyahlar için Doğu, İstanbul ve Edirne’dir. Seçilen Osmanlı metinlerinde ise Doğu, Osmanlı’nın Kuzey Afrika toprakları ve Arap vilayetleridir. Osmanlı’nın kendi Doğu’sunu, kendi toprakları üzerinde oluşturma fikri ise Ussama Makdisi ve Sadık Celal Al- Azm gibi akademisyenlerin düşünceleri üzerinden açıklanmaktadır. Tezin iddiası ise İngiliz ve Fransız seyyahların Doğu’ya atfettiği tembellik, cahillik, şehvet düşkünlüğü ve vahşilik gibi ön yargıların Osmanlı oryantalizminde de çeşitli şekillerde kendisine yer bulduğudur. Osmanlı oryantalizminin bu kalıpları tekrar etmesinin sebebi ise Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun Batılılaşmayı kendi eliyle bu topraklara getirmek istemesi ve bu sayede bu topraklar üzerindeki hakimiyetini meşrulaştırmaktır.
Open Access
Of disguise and provocation: the politics of clothing in the late Ottoman Empire, 1890-1910
(2019-08) Batgıray, Melike
This thesis aims to analyze the fedayee practice of disguise in the context of violence between the years of 1890 and 1910 in the North-east parts of the Ottoman Empire. It mainly focuses on the practice’s itself and reason behind it. Making use of photographs, this thesis also examines the politics of clothing and self-representation. At this juncture, objects in photographs which were intentionally placed fallacious and delusive are examined to clarify possible fedayee clothes which are also analyzed. In order to make sense of the penchant of Armenian fedayees for disguise, this thesis also explores the complexity of Kurdish, Circassian, Georgian, Laz clothing through photographic evidence.
Open Access
Ottoman corsairs in the Central Mediterranean and the slave trade in the 16th century
(2021-08) Karzek, Saim Anıl
This thesis aims to analyze the Ottoman corsairs and their role in the slave trade in the 16th century Mediterranean, and it concentrates on the corsair activity around the central Mediterranean during Suleiman I's reign. The historiography chiefly emphasizes the corsairs as an apparatus, a war-machine of the Imperial Navy (Donanma-yı Hümâyûn) against the Habsburg Empire. Moreover, scholars have given their primary attention to the political rivalry between the Habsburg and the Ottoman households, and the corsair concept lacks a social and economic consideration. Therefore, this study predominantly reevaluates this approach by focusing on the Ottoman corsairs' social and economic aspects, such as the slave trade carried out for the Sublime Porte. The research investigates the Ottoman-Venetian disputes due to the corsair activities through archival documents. Southern Italy and Sicily, under Habsburg rule, were open to direct threats throughout the constant wars between Spain, France, and the Ottoman Empire, and many people were reduced to slavery and sold in slave markets. Although the corsair activity around the Iberian-peninsula and the North Africa have been examined, the Adriatic coast should need more recognition by the researchers.
Open Access
Ottoman corsairs in the Western Mediterranean and their place in the Ottoman-Habsburg rivalry
(2005) Gürkan, Emrah Safa
This thesis analyses the political deeds of the Ottoman corsairs in the Western Mediterranean between the years, 1505 and 1535. It tries to evaluate their place in the broader framework of the European politics of the time. It aims to analyze the perception of the both sides of the international struggle for the covered period, namely that of the Habsburgs and the Ottomans. Neither the preferences of the decision-makers of two sides, nor the power and effectiveness of the corsair rule established in the Western Mediterranean is immune to reconsideration for each period covered. Hence, both issues are tried to be discussed by calculating the changing balances of power as the division into three chapters also proves. In order to do that, in this period of the struggle of the 16th century Europe in which not only the Ottomans and the Habsburgs, but also all major or minor powers of the era were forced to take sides; we should not only analyze how Khayr al-Din Barbarossa rose to prominence to the extent that he could achieve the rank of a Kaptan-ı Derya, but also the reaction of the strongest ruler of Western Mediterranean and of the Catholic World against this growing importance.
Open Access
The Ottoman Empire and European International Society : a theoretical - historical analysis
(2010) Gökakın, Behice Özlem
This dissertation analyzes the Ottoman Empire’s relationship with European international society in the nineteenth century through the English School of International Relations Theory. By use of primary and secondary sources, this dissertation attempts to refine some of the historical arguments of the English School in reference to the expansion of European international society and the socialization of non-European states. By focusing on the Ottoman perspective, this dissertation presents a critical understanding of European international society and its expansion from a non-European perspective.
Open Access
The Relationship between the Ottoman Empire and Kanem-Bornu During the reign of Sultan Murad III
(2016-09) Flynn, Sébastien
This thesis focuses on the relationship between the Ottoman Empire and Kanem-Bornu during the reign of Sultan Murad III (1574-1595) and that of mai Idris Alooma. It looks at the history of one of the main factors that led the Ottoman Empire in Africa, the Sahara trade. It describes the history of both the Ottomans in Tripoli and that of Kanem-Bornu. It analyses the role that the Ottoman Empire played in Tripoli and the regions south of it during the reign of Sultan Murad III. This research attempts to better contextualize the presence of the Ottoman Empire in Africa during the second half of the sixteenth century.