Browsing by Subject "Tanzimat Period"
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Item Restricted European influence on Ottoman cuisine: From the Tanzimat period (1839-1876) to the 1920s(Bilkent University, 2021) Aizad, Mahnoor; Mangi, Sehar; Jaffery, Roshaan Abbas; Kapıasheva, Diana; Taleb, ChifaeFrom the late-1830s through the 1920s, a series of events took place that played a great role in Europeanizing the food and dining etiquette within the Ottoman Empire. Initially, the Ottoman Turks' attitudes toward such changes were not entirely positive; but, as the Crimean War unfolded the nature of the influence altered. Following this, Sultan Abdul Aziz, the Ottoman Emperor at the time, and his entourage travelled to Europe in 1867, which had a profound effect on Ottoman palace cuisine afterwards. Finally, the Bolshevik revolution that took place in 1917 forced members of the royal dynasty to flee from Russia to Turkey and, afterward, Europe. These events brought some Russian dishes to Turkish cuisine. Many European travelers wrote about their journeys and experiences during this period, which will aid in understanding how and what changed with the arrival of the White Russians. This paper examines the events that contributed to the Europeanization of food and dining etiquette in the Ottoman Empire, as well as the degree to which they had an influence on the Ottoman sultans and the people of the Empire.Item Open Access Public diplomacy and the Translation Office (Tercüme Odası) in the Ottoman Empire (1839-1876)(2012) Kamay, BernaThis study aims to situate the role of the public diplomacy conducted by the Foreign Ministry during the intensified foreign diplomacy of the 19th century Ottoman Empire. By looking at the archival documents of the Translation Office (Tercüme Odası) within the Foreign Ministry, this thesis shows how foreign newspapers became the tools of implementing public diplomacy. After discussing the transformation of the office of the Reis-ül Küttab to Foreign Ministry in correlation with the development and changing nature of Ottoman foreign affairs, the study focuses on the importance of the newly emerging bureaucratic system and the crucial role the new style bureaucrats played in the transformation of the Empire. The major focus of this study is on the role of the intelligence network between the Ottoman embassies, the Translation Office and the Foreign Ministry in conducting the public diplomacy through the monitoring of European newspapers. Ottoman diplomats and agents proved competent in their effort to elevate their profession and integrate the Ottoman diplomacy into the European system by using new diplomatic tools such as public diplomacy.