Browsing by Subject "Power"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 23

Open Access
15 yüzyıldan 18 yüzyıla kasidelerde ideal hükümdar portresi ve hükümdarın metaforik sunumu
(2013) Onay, Ebru
Originated from the question how the sovereignty of sultan affected and shaped the mind of “Homo-Ottomanicus”, this project focuses on the portrayal of the Ottoman sultans in qasidas in general and the metaphorical presentation of them in particular. With a specific emphasis on the importance of the perspectives qasidas can provide for the research, a number of qasidas written for the reigning sultan by Ahmad Pasha, Bâkî, Nef’î, and Nedîm in their Turkish divans have been examined in the thesis. It is observed that in qasidas the sultan is generally depicted as fair, generous, benign, and good warrior and this feature was a result of the circle of equity inherited from Persian- Arabic- Indian ruling tradition -or rather an idiosyncratic amalgamation of them. With a specific eye to the functions of the comparisons and analogies between the Ottoman sultans and heroes from Persian and Islamic mythologies, the importance of comparisons and analogies in strengthen of the power of the sultans is discussed. This being done, I attempt to examine the metaphorical presentation and representation of the Ottoman sultans in selected qasida examples from aforementioned poets. In this main part, George Lakoff and Mark Johnson’s influential work on metaphor, Metaphors We Live By, is applied as theoretical frame. Lakoff and Johnson assert that metaphors are not merely simple linguistic devices to add some aesthetic value to our statements and literary expressions but rather an intrinsic component of our cognitive process, hereby, could provide us an elusive resource to get a better understanding of mind, and the ways it functions. On the bases of this argument, the metaphorical employment of the language in selected qasidas are examined to get the climate of mind in terms of the relationship between sultans and their subjects in the Ottoman Empire. It has been observed that in concerning qasidas from four divans, the sultan is generally portrayed as “aloft” and “ahead” while the subject is portrayed as “beneath” and “behind”. Furthermore, the sultan is depicted in these poems as a “shadow” offers protecting, “a sanctuary” to take refuge in, and an “aesthetic creature” or an “ornament” with the power to embellish its surroundings. The frequency of using these metaphors is changing over the concerning periods whereas in Nedîm’s Divân the number of the “ornament metaphors” for the sultan increases significantly compared to the other three divans. After discussing the possible reasons and meaning of this turn in metaphorical employment, the project compares its findings with the conventional arguments regarding the Ottoman sultans in European centred readings. It is claimed that as the representative of authority and power, the Ottoman sultan is depicted contradistinctively as “protector-shelter” in qasidas rather than as “the despotic father” that the European centred readings have claimed him to be so far.
Open Access
Critique of violence : a study of the relation between politics and violence in some modern political theories
(2012) Altunok, Gülbanu
This thesis aims at understanding the relationship between violence and politics in twentieth century political thought. To this end, the study looks at the works of selected thinkers and suggests a threefold categorization of existing approaches: a ‘non-problematization of the relationship between violence and politics’ exemplified in the liberal-democratic paradigm, a ‘nonproblematization of violence in politics’ in some critiques of liberal thought and the position of ambivalence, which suggests a historical relationship between violence and politics. The thesis moves to a further analysis of Hannah Arendt and Michel Foucault, whose works are considered as representing the third position and discuss their analysis of the relationship between violence and politics with a focus on power and revolution.
Open Access
Demonstration of a cavity-enhanced optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification system
(Optical Society of America, 2011-03-28) Siddiqui, A.; Hong, K. H.; Moses, J.; Chen, J.; Ilday, F. O.; Kartner, F. X.
The use of a low finesse enhancement cavity resonant with a low average power (< 1W) and a high repetition rate (78MHz) pump source is shown to achieve 55% conversion efficiency into signal and idler from the coupled pump in an optical parametric process, whereas an equivalent amount of pump power in a single-pass configuration leads to negligible conversion. Careful comparison of the intracavity conversion process to the single-pass case is performed to assess the underlying impedance matching that yields the high conversion results.
Open Access
Empowerment and resistance strategies of working women in Turkey: the case of 1960–70 graduates of the girls’ institutes
(Sage Publications Ltd., 2002) Cindoglu, D.; Toktaş, Ş.
This article deals with the empowerment and resistance strategies used by working women in Turkey. In order to explore the ways in which gender ideologies are produced and resisted, a very specific group of women were studied using life history and focus group interviews. The interviews were conducted with women who had graduated between 1960 and 1970 from Girls' Institutes. The Girls' Institutes were all-female high schools and the curriculum of these institutes was particularly geared towards modern domestic, or homemaking skills. However, despite the notion of producing modern women for the domestic sphere, most of the graduates have chosen to work outside their homes. Of these working women some have remained single, some have not had children. These outcomes present a paradox. The article focuses on the resolution of these paradoxes, the power and resistance manoeuvres that women employ and their relationship to the processes of modernization and westernization in Turkey.
Open Access
Evil in Nietzsche and its reflections in the speeches of George W Bush and Osama bin Laden after September 11
(2004) İnanç, Zeynep
In this thesis I use Nietzsche’s conception of evil and power in problematizing George W. Bush and Osama bin Laden’s statements after the September 11 event. My main argument is based on Nietzsche’s conceptualization of the creation of the idea of the real world. This idea of the real world is founded upon morality. I focus on a specific dimension of the conceptualization of evil which requires an incessant struggle between good and evil. Bush and Laden construct their moral wars against one another with a belief that one of them will eventually win. Following Nietzsche’s framework, this thesis argues that this moral war is never going to end because this war is not meant to end, as the continuity of the war ensures the continuity of the power holders’ power.
Open Access
Fıkralarda dinsel iktidar örüntüsünün kırılması
(Geleneksel Yayıncılık, 2005) Uslu, M.F.
Fıkra geniş bir toplumsal kullanıma sahip olan, toplumun tüm katmanlannca üretilen ve söylenen birsözel anlatı biçimidir. Böylelikle, fıkra içinden çıktığı toplumun değerlerinden derin izler taşır. Toplumunalışkanlıkları ve kültürel değerlerinin yanında toplumsal çatışmalar da fıkralara yansır. Fakat fıkralar sadecebu çatışmaların yansıtıcısı değil hem yeniden üreticisi hem de şekillendiricisidir. Dinsel konuları mer¬kezine alan fıkralarda, toplumsal iktidarın ciddi belirleyicilerinden biri olan dinin ve dinsel pratiklerin bazıdurumlarda yeniden üretilip kuvvetlendirildiği, bazı durumlarda ise sorgulanır kılındığı görülmektedir. Yazıdabu iki karşıt etkinin ilişkisi ve karşılıklı konumları sorunsallaştırılmıştır.
Open Access
Generation of picosecond pulses directly from a 100 W, burst-mode, doping-managed Yb-doped fiber amplifier
(Optical Society of America, 2014) Elahi, P.; Yilmaz, S.; Eldeniz, Y. B.; Ilday, F. O.
Burst-mode laser systems offer increased effectiveness in material processing while requiring lower individual pulse energies. Fiber amplifiers operating in this regime generate low powers in the order of 1 W. We present a Yb-doped fiber amplifier, utilizing doping management, that scales the average power up to 100 W. The laser system produces bursts at 1 MHz, where each burst comprises 10 pulses with 10 mu J energy per pulse and is separated in time by 10 ns. The high-burst repetition rate allows substantial simplification of the setup over previous demonstrations of burst-mode operation in fiber lasers. The total energy in each burst is 100 mu J and the average power achieved within the burst is 1 kW. The pulse evolution in the final stage of amplification is initiated as self-similar amplification, which is quickly altered as the pulse spectrum exceeds the gain bandwidth. By prechirping the pulses launched into the amplifier, 17 ps long pulses are generated without using external pulse compression. The peak power of the pulses is similar to 0.6 MW. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America
Open Access
Hardware acceleration for Swin Transformers at the edge
(2024-05) Esergün, Yunus
While deep learning models have greatly enhanced visual processing abilities, their implementation in edge environments with limited resources can be challenging due to their high energy consumption and computational requirements. Swin Transformer is a prominent mechanism in computer vision that differs from traditional convolutional approaches. It adopts a hierarchical approach to interpreting images. A common strategy that improves the efficiency of deep learning algorithms during inference is clustering. Locality-Sensitive Hashing (LSH) is a mechanism that implements clustering and leverages the inherent redundancy within Transformers to identify and exploit computational similarities. This the-sis introduces a hardware accelerator for Swin Transformer implementation with LSH in edge computing settings. The main goal is to reduce energy consumption while improving performance with custom hardware components. Specifically, our custom hardware accelerator design utilizes LSH clustering in Swin Transformers to decrease the amount of computation required. We tested our accelerator with two different state-of-the-art datasets, namely, Imagenet-1K and CIFAR-100. Our results demonstrate that the hardware accelerator enhances the processing speed of the Swin Transformer when compared to GPU-based implementations. More specifically, our accelerator improves performance by 1.35x while reducing the power consumption to 5-6 Watts instead of 19 Watts in the baseline GPU setting. We observe these improvements with a negligible decrease in model accuracy of less than 1%, confirming the effectiveness of our hardware accelerator design in edge computing environments with limited resources.
Open Access
InGaN/GaN light-emitting diode with a polarization tunnel junction
(American Institute of Physics, 2013) Zhang Z.-H.; Tan S.T.; Kyaw, Z.; Ji Y.; Liu W.; Ju, Z.; Hasanov N.; Sun, X. W.; Demir, Hilmi Volkan
We report InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LED) comprising in situ integrated p(+)-GaN/InGaN/n(+)-GaN polarization tunnel junctions. Improved current spreading and carrier tunneling probability were obtained in the proposed device architecture, leading to the enhanced optical output power and external quantum efficiency. Compared to the reference InGaN/GaN LEDs using the conventional p(+)/n(+) tunnel junction, these devices having the polarization tunnel junction show a reduced forward bias, which is attributed to the polarization induced electric fields resulting from the in-plane biaxial compressive strain in the thin InGaN layer sandwiched between the p(+)-GaN and n(+)-GaN layers. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
Open Access
An investigation of the relation among religious, aesthetic and power representations in sacred art using the examples of Tibetan Buddhist thanka paintings and Orthodox Christian icons
(1998) Özgüzer, Selin
The aim of this study is to investigate the relation among religious, aesthetic and power representations in Tibetan Buddhist thankas and Orthodox Christian icons because of the sharp differences between the two religions. Common ways of representation as well as differences can be seen in these sacred art forms as their aim is to communicate the religious and spiritual truths. After the main concepts of the religions are examined, the purpose of sacred arts, their methods of communication and place of visuality in these religions are investigated. Then icons and thankas are compared in terms of representation methods of religious figures, nature, death and power.
Open Access
Microwave heating induced on-demand droplet generation in microfluidic systems
(American Chemical Society, 2021-12-29) Cui, W.; Yesiloz, Gurkan; Ren, C. L.
In this note, we report a simple, new method for droplet generation in microfluidic systems using integrated microwave heating. This method enables droplet generation on-demand by using microwave heating to induce Laplace pressure change at the interface of the two fluids. The distance between the interface and junction and microwave excitation power have been found to influence droplet generation. Although this method is limited in generating droplets with a high rate, the fact that it can be integrated with microwave sensing that can be used as the feedback to tune the supply flow of materials presents unique advantages for applications that require dynamic tuning of material properties in droplets.
Open Access
Nev'î-zâde Atâyî'nin üç mesnevisinde cinsel söylemler ve iktidar ilişkileri
(2014) Yerlikaya, Aslı
Divan edebiyatının ana konusu olan aşk, ideal aşktan günlük hayattaki cinselliğe kadar geniş bir alanı kapsamaktadır. Oysa bu alanda yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde araştırmacıların genellikle ideal aşka yoğunlaştığı, müstehcen konulara gereken önemi vermedikleri görülmüştür. Bu alanda yapılan az sayıdaki araştırmada müstehcenlik genellikle “tabu” konu olarak görüldüğü için ya tasavvufi bakış açısıyla üzeri örtülmüş ya da divan edebiyatını dışlamanın bir aracı olarak belli ideolojik amaçların aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada oluşan bu boşluğun doldurulması amaçlanmış; divan edebiyatında gerçekliği yansıtması bakımından tartışmasız olan Atâyî’nin üç mesnevisinden (Sâkînâme, Nefhâtü’lezhâr, Sohbetü’l-ebkâr) yola çıkılarak dönemin toplumsal yapısını somut olarak anlamak ve edebiyat-toplum ilişkisi çerçevesinde toplumdaki cinsellik anlayışını ortaya koymak bilimsel bir nesnellik çerçevesinde hedeflenmiştir. Tüm bu tespitlerde Michel Foucault’un cinsel söylem ve iktidar kavramlarından yararlanılmıştır. İncelemenin “Birinci Bölüm”ünde Nevʻî-zâde Atâyî’nin Nefhâtül-ezhâr ve Sohbet’ül-ebkâr mesnevilerinde müstehcen konulara yer verildiği tespit edilirken, Sâkînâme’nin konularının müstehcen olmadığı belirlenmiş; cinsel söylemlerin ise mesneviler boyunca daha zarif söyleyişten ayıp sayılana olana doğru üç boyutta ilerlediği görülmüştür. Çalışmanın “İkinci Bölüm”ünde ise mesnevilerde yer alan bu realist müstehcen hikâyelerin ve Atâyî’nin ahlaki öğütlerinin, 17. yüzyıl iktidarı ve iktidar ilişkileri hakkında bilgiler verdiği görülmüştür. Toplumu uyarmaya yönelik bu ahlaki nasihatlerle Atâyî, öteki üzerinde güç kazanmakta ve mikro düzeyde bir “iktidar” oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da bu iktidarın arzu, kadın, kulampara ve ceza kavramları ile olan ilişkisi üzerinde durulmuş; Atâyî ve Atâyî’nin de temsilcisi olduğu bu erkek elit grubun iktidarının 17. yüzyıl Osmanlı Devleti’nde iktidar ilişkilerinin yapısında nasıl bir rol üstlendiğine odaklanılmıştır.
Open Access
Orhan Pamuk'un romanlarında erkeğin iktidarı
(2014) Sağlam, Müzeyyen
Power of men in the novels of one of the most important representative of postmodernist Turkish novels, Orhan Pamuk has never been entirely addressed in any study before. However much the female characters and the way of depicting the female characters in the novels of Orhan Pamuk have been the subject of two theses and many articles, the masculine characters and the hegemony of these characters on the women have always been ignored. Thus, the main objective of this thesis, “Power of Men” is to fill this gap in literature studies. For the purpose of ensuring that this study is more encompassing and that it reaches more objective results, all novels of Orhan Pamuk (Mr. Cevdet and His Sons, the Silent House, the Black Book, New Life, My Name is Red, Snow and the Museum of Innocence) have been included in this study. Within the scope of the first chapter of the thesis “Theoretical Background”, the gender theory has been described and the development of this theory in the world and in Turkey has been addressed so as to ensure better understanding of discussions on “masculinity” and “hegemonic masculinity”. The main focus of the second chapter “Being a Man in the Novels of Orhan Pamuk”, is the male characters who have been ignored in the literature studies. In this chapter, the impact of traditional society and the family structure on the formation, development and transfer of the masculine identity and power; the practices in public area and the role of interaction between two genders in this process have been discussed. In addition, it has also been touched upon the positioning of the female characters in the development process of the masculine power in the novels and the roles of the female characters in the novels observed with regard to the hegemonic masculinity relations. As a result of all these observation it has been determined that Orhan Pamuk, despite introducing a different perspective to the Turkish novels, still follows the traditional way of writing about the development process of masculine identity and masculine power.
Open Access
Power as visibility: conceptualizing the changing nature of influence in international relations
(2024-06) Karabıçak, Onur
This thesis propounds a new definition of power and influence in international relations and a conceptual framework of power’s translation into influence. First, this thesis defines power as being or rendering something (in)visible, and influence as changing one's narrative of world politics. Visibility is being socially relevant and mattering to others, and it is operationalized as an actor's frequency of being seen by an audience. Second, this thesis draws a framework for the analysis of the power and influence of international actors on audiences. The methodology is extracted from the operationalization of the components of visibility in the proposed framework of analysis. The power as visibility framework is applied to the case of comparing Erdoğan's power and influence over the mass audience in Türkiye and the Western European elite audience in 2008 and 2020. The material examined by the thesis consists of official speeches and popular culture media. Finally, the thesis concludes with a discussion of the alternative explanations and power as visibility framework.
Open Access
The problems of visual representation of cities in present day Turkey
(1997) Ünlüata, N. Eden
The intention of this study is to examine the visual representational structure of the present day Turkish cities and their relation to the social and cultural condition. The intention is to define the problematic of the power relations and hegemony created over the city- dwellers through public space.
Open Access
Putting genealogy into perspective : for a genealogical critique of design and designers
(2001) Kurtgözü, Aren Emre
In this work, genealogy, as a form of historical critique inaugurated by Friedrich Nietzsche and later taken up, refined and consolidated by Michel Foucault, has been extensively studied. Since Foucault was responsible for the refinement and application of genealogical techniques of analysis in the field of modern disciplines, Foucault's corpus on the subject has been painstakingly analyzed in order to develop a genealogical method for the analysis and critique of design discipline. To reveal the origins of design and its relations to diverse networks of power, the discourse of design throughout history has been studied in order to compile an inventory of design concepts, statements, definitions, etc. Definitions of design has been isolated from this inventory on the assumption that they are most susceptible to genealogical analysis. Then, through an analysis of design definitions, the specific mechanisms of design discourse through which designers responded to diverse networks of power has been revealed.
Open Access
‘Real people in real places’: conceptualizing power for emancipatory security through Tahrir
(Sage Publications Ltd., 2015) Bilgic, A.
The objective of emancipatory security theory is to examine the insecurities of individuals and social groups that stem from oppressive power processes, relations, and structures. However, the image of power in emancipatory security studies does not correspond to such a normative and analytical motivation. This renders the theory susceptible to substantial criticism on the grounds of inadequate analysis of resisting individuals as agents of security in their own localities. To address this issue, the present article conceptualizes ‘emancipatory power’. In this exercise, Hannah Arendt’s understanding of power, enriched by Judith Butler’s concept of performativity and feminist insights, will be used as the theoretical foundation to tailor collective power based on trust in a ‘moment’ of emancipation. Collective power will be illustrated by references to the protests in Cairo’s Tahrir Square in 2011.
Open Access
Reconsidering the concept of influence: the case of Turkey’s relations with the Middle East (2003-2014)
(2016-06) Ersoy, Eyüp
This thesis propounds a new conceptual analysis of influence in international relations. First, it advances a novel definition of influence, with additional clarifications on the relationship between influence and power(s). Second, this thesis addresses the causes of states’ quest for influence in international relations. This thesis identifies three motives of security, economy, and identity as existential imperatives of state conduct to seek influence in international relations. Third, this thesis presents an analysis of the patterns and causes of variations among these motives in states’ regional foreign policies. Finally, Turkey’s dyadic relationships in the Middle East between 2003 and 2014, specifically with the states of Syria, Iran, and Palestine, constitutes the case study of this thesis.
Open Access
Slang and gender
(2006) Kocaer, S.
Unlike sex, gender contains thought and behaviours which are imposed by culture. But, generally, people are aware of sex; they interpret the characteristics which are regarded as part of man and woman as a feature of sex. The usage of slang and swearword is also generally identified with sex. The common belief in today's urban areas is that the usage of slang and swearword by women is not appropriate, because, slang and swearwords belong to men's world. But, recently, especially in big cities like İstanbul, Ankara, where there is much cultural interaction, it is observed that "educated" young women use slang as a common part of their speeches. In this paper, the change in speech of youth of today's urban areas will be discussed. While in the past, the usage of slang and swearword by women has not been accepted, today, despite the rapid rise in education level, the usage of slang and swearword is increasing among some young women. This paper is questioning the reasons under this change.
Open Access
The Golden snitch: status-seeking strategies of second-tier states, the cases of Canada, South Africa, and India
(2024-05) Yenigün, Sena
This thesis analyzes the status-seeking strategies of the second-tier states immediately below the Great Power Club. It seeks to answer who the second-tier states are, what strategies are available to them, and what may account for their choice of status-seeking strategies. It argues that what is thought as one category is comprised of three categories: rising powers, regional powers, and middle powers. It puts forth that we may locate countries in their respective categories by looking at their material capabilities in 5 dimensions: military expenditure, military personnel, economy, population, and technological development. Furthermore, considering their behaviors and recognition, it categorizes states. It puts forth that middle powers perform well in economy and technology, regional powers in population and military, and rising powers in multiple dimensions. After locating second-tier states in their categories, it argues that second-tier states seek status differently according to their material capabilities (their category) and identities. Employing three case studies on Canada, South Africa, and India, it looks into their power trajectory, foreign policies, and role identities evident in the discourse of the policymakers and official papers. This thesis, borrowing from Larson and Shevcheko’s (2014) work, puts forth that second-tier states choose social creativity and social mobility as their primary strategies and choose social competition as a last resort if continuous status denial occurs (Ward, 2017). While middle powers seek status through social creativity, turning negative attributes to positive, regional and rising powers seek it through social mobility, emulating the behavior of the higher club.