Browsing by Subject "Pan-Islamism"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5

Open Access
Depicting the enemy : Russians and Ottomans in the press during the First World War
(2007) Zardykhan, Zharmukhamed
The intricate course of events that led both the Russian and Ottoman Empires towards the Great War had been the culmination of long-lasting domestic and international developments, which were reflected in their policies towards the other side. However, despite the ardent hatred and evident enmity that prevailed over the Russo-Ottoman relations for centuries, both of these empires were faced with similar problems of political, socioeconomic and national character that distinguished them from the rest of Europe and Asia. Whether out of hopelessness, inevitability, greater expectations or simply as a precious opportunity to rehabilitate their former reputation, seriously damaged after iv the humiliating Russo-Japanese and Balkan wars, the levying of war against their historical enemies deeply affected each countries' entire population. The effect was particularly strong because of the advanced and elaborate total war propaganda techniques employed primarily by the press, while the religious, nationalistic and historical aspects of the confrontation made the propaganda warfare a diverse and complicated battlefield. The main objective of this work is the presentation, comparison and analysis of a great variety of controversial pieces of information related to the Russo-Ottoman confrontation prior to and during the First World War. This information reveals personal prejudice, ethnic, religious and political affiliation of the authors, as well as deliberate attempts to spread misinformation and propaganda.
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The Frigate Ertugrul as a Turning Point in the Ottoman Relations with Japan and the Lands En Route
(Bilkent University, 2021) Alkhatib, Yahya; Lotfiazar, Radman; Amini, Khashayar; Sohail, Mohammed
Bu araştırma da Sultan 2. Abdülhamid’in Japonya’ya gönderdiği fırkateynin dönüş yolunda nasıl battığı incelenecektir. Temel olarak bu araştırma fırkateynin yolculuğunu iki ana bakış açısı altında inceleyecek olup, birincisi Japonya-Osmanlı ilişkisinde oluşturduğu kilometre taşı olması ciheti, ikincisi ise 2. Abdülhamid’in Ertuğrul fırkateynini İslam dünyasının farklı bölgelerine, özellikle Güney ve Güneydoğu Asya’daki Müslüman ülkelerine, göndererek yabancı ülkelerle ilişkilerinde güttüğü Pan-İslamizm politikası incelenecektir.
Open Access
Imagining the Middle East: the state, nationalism and regional international society
(Bristol University Press, 2015-07-24) Göl, A.
The Middle East is commonly perceived as a zone of cultural and political differences within the global international society. Imagining the Middle East as a ‘unique’ region is not a new idea, but relocating this conception within the English School (ES) of International Relations (IR) is. This article challenges the perceived ‘exceptionalism’ of the Middle East, which claims that the European concepts of state, sovereignty and nationalism are alien to Islam, therefore preventing the emergence of a regional international society. The first part highlights the correlation between Eurocentrism in IR and the lack of interest in regional – area – studies through the critique of Orientalism and the ES. The second part moves to demonstrate why the ES is more explanatory than other IR theories in the context of the Ottoman–European relations. The third part explores the ‘institutional distinctiveness’ of the Middle East, disproving the notion of regional ‘exceptionalism’ and IR’s foundational Eurocentric assumptions. This article concludes by arguing that there is a strong case for calling the Middle East a ‘regional interstate society’, which remains to be a litmus test of whether or not a truly global international society is possible.
Open Access
A Muslim intellectual in Korea: Abdürreşid İbrahim (1857–1944) and Situating Korea in the Pan-Asian world order
(UNESCO * Korean National Commission, 2022) Kubat, Muhammed Cihad
Abdürreşid İbrahim, a leading Muslim scholar originally from Russia, embarked on his journey to Japan in 1908 to meet with his contacts from Kokuryūkai (Black Dragon Society). On his way back, he spent around ten days in the Korean Empire. İbrahim, who was convinced of the “barbarism” of the West, found quite a few examples in Korea to build upon his theory of “Eastern civility,” just as he had found during his time in Japan. He met with a range of people, from porters to the Korean Empire’s Interior Minister, and wrote about them in his travelogue titled Âlem-i İslam [The World of Islam]. This paper argues that İbrahim was particularly sympathetic to Koreans because he saw their position in a world of imperial hierarchies as analogous to that of Muslims in the Russian Empire. In Korea, İbrahim’s anti-Westernism is coupled with his vision of a Pan-Asian world order led by Imperial Japan. Âlem-i İslam is significant because it is the only account of the Korean Empire’s final years written by a Muslim intellectual.
Open Access
Nation and nationalism according to Islamists during second constittutional period, a case study : Sırat-ı Müstakim-Sebilürreşad
(2014) Gündoğdu, Şenol
This study examines Islamist understanding of nation and nationalism during the Second Constitutional Period (1908-1918) by examining the most important Islamist journal of that era; Sırat-ı Müstakim-Sebilürreşad. Islamism emerged as a reactionary ideology against Western threats toward the ‘backward’ Islamic world and the Ottoman Empire. This ideology sought to establish genuine Islam by looking back into original sources and the Golden Age (Asr-ı Saadet). This process aimed to revitalize the Islamic world and unite Muslims against the Western threats. As an Islamist journal in the Second Constitutional Period, Sırat-ı Müstakim-Sebilürreşad presented an Islamic modernist understanding dependent upon the revival of Islam and the Ottoman Empire with reference to real Islam against the Western threats. However, according to Islamists ethnic and secular nationalisms corrupted the unity of Muslims. This study argues that the journal, Sırat-ı Müstakim-Sebilürreşad, was against separatist nationalism(s), especially Muslim nationalism(s) for the sake of the Ottoman Empire’s survival and Islamic unity (Pan-Islam). This study begins by presenting a general discussion of Islamism in the historical context of the Ottoman Empire, examining the history of the Sırat-ı Müstakim-Sebilürreşad journal, and its emphasis on nation, nationalism and their relation with Islam and the Ottoman Empire. This study assess how selected texts from the Sırat-ı Müstakim-Sebilürreşad represent Islamist understandings of the nation and nationalism and how Islamists identified the Islamic nation concept. In summation this study argues that Sırat-ı Müstakim-Sebilürreşad had an Islamist national understanding which aimed to save first the Ottoman Empire, then the Islamic world through the revival of Islam.