Browsing by Subject "Optical fiber"
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Item Open Access Advances in fiber sensing devices decorated with functionalized nanomaterials(2023-05-08) Yıldırım, Elif Yapar; Karatutlu, AliHybrid sensor devices formed via decoration of nanomaterials on the surface of optical fibers are designed and fabricated for sensing specific physical, chemical, or biological objects. In this chapter, advances in optical fiber sensing devices functionalized with nanomaterials are outlined with respect to optical fiber types including the optical fiber sensing device preparation processes, detection object, sensitivity, and their sensing mechanism. The single- and multimode fibers, active fibers, fiber Bragg gratings, and photonic crystal fibers are the mostly utilized forms of optical fiber sensing devices. The emerging functionalized nanomaterials reviewed here are limited to quantum dots, plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs), 2D nanomaterials, and rare earth–doped NPs.Item Open Access Fabrication of biaxial polarization-maintaining optical fiber with ultra-low bending-dependent polarization extinction ratio deterioration(Academic Press, 2022-02-07) Karatutlu, Ali; Yapar Yıldırım, Elif; Midilli, Yakup; Akçimen, Samet; Ortaç, Bülend; Kendir, EsraDifferent applications, including interferometers, gyroscopes, and frequency combs, require a single polarized light transmission by maintaining this property against the environmental perturbation. As a new type of polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber, a biaxial PM fiber was fabricated over 30 dB of high polarization extinction ratio (PER) values among two orthogonal axes over a fiber length of 110 m. The PM fiber was manufactured with a combination of an elliptical core and Panda-type geometries. The PER values were demonstrated to be preserved at harsh temperature conditions from −55 °C to +85 °C. The bending loss measurements indicate the biaxial PM fiber has ultra-low bending dependent PER deterioration (<0.5 %) at various bending diameters from 12 mm to 5 mm. The biaxial PM property was also confirmed by the group beat length measurements and found to be less than 1.5 mm at 1550 nm. The optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) measurements show that the optical loss of the biaxial PM fiber was below 1.5 dB/km over 3 km length. The mode-field diameter (MFD) and the numerical aperture (NA) values were also reported along two polarized axes. This novel PM fiber offers a single solution for the elliptical and Panda-type PM fibers utilized for integrated fiber-based sensors and instruments.Item Open Access Generation of cylindrical vector beams with few-mode fibers excited by Laguerre–Gaussian beams(Elsevier, 2004-07-01) Volpe, Giovanni; Petrov, D.We propose a novel method to efficiently produce light beams with radial, azimuthal, and hybrid polarization, through a few-mode fiber excited by a Laguerre–Gaussian beam. With different input polarization we can selectively excite different combinations of modes from the LP11 group. We propose to show how to transform the output beam into a cylindrical vector beam in free-space through various polarization transformations.Item Open Access Kilometer-long ordered nanophotonic devices by preform-to-fiber fabrication(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2006) Bayındır, Mehmet; Abouraddy, A.F.; Shapira O.; Viens J.; Saygin-Hinczewski, D.; Sorin, F.; Arnold, J.; Joannopoulos, J. D.; Fink, Y.A preform-to-flber approach to the fabrication of functional fiber-based devices by thermal drawing in the viscous state is presented. A macroscopic preform rod containing metallic, semiconducting, and insulating constituents in a variety of geometries and close contact produces kilometer-long novel nanostructured fibers and fiber devices. We first review the material selection criteria and then describe metal-semiconductor-metal photosensitive and thermally sensitive fibers. These flexible, lightweight, and low-cost functional fibers may pave the way for new types of fiber sensors, such as thermal sensing fabrics, artificial skin, and large-area optoelectronic screens. Next, the preform-to-fiber approach is used to fabricate spectrally tunable photodetectors that integrate a photosensitive core and a nanostructured photonic crystal structure containing a resonant cavity. An integrated, self-monitoring optical-transmission waveguide is then described that incorporates optical transport and thermal monitoring. This fiber allows one to predict power-transmission failure, which is of paramount importance if high-power optical transmission fines are to be operated safely and reliably in medical, industrial and defense applications. A hybrid electron-photon fiber consisting of a hollow core (for optical transport by means of a photonic bandgap) and metallic wires (for electron transport) is described that may be used for transporting atoms and molecules by radiation pressure. Finally, a solid microstructured fiber fabricated with a highly nonlinear chalcogenide glass enables the generation of supercontinuum light at near-infrared wavelengths.