Advances in fiber sensing devices decorated with functionalized nanomaterials

Hybrid sensor devices formed via decoration of nanomaterials on the surface of optical fibers are designed and fabricated for sensing specific physical, chemical, or biological objects. In this chapter, advances in optical fiber sensing devices functionalized with nanomaterials are outlined with respect to optical fiber types including the optical fiber sensing device preparation processes, detection object, sensitivity, and their sensing mechanism. The single- and multimode fibers, active fibers, fiber Bragg gratings, and photonic crystal fibers are the mostly utilized forms of optical fiber sensing devices. The emerging functionalized nanomaterials reviewed here are limited to quantum dots, plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs), 2D nanomaterials, and rare earth–doped NPs.