Browsing by Subject "Invasion"

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Laçış-Saban Ailesinin gözünden çerkes sürgünü ve sonrası
(Bilkent University, 2020) Turan, Sarper; Yurtoğlu, Ayda; Çınar, Simge; Karahan, Tutku; Şıvgın, Irmak
Osmanlı’nın 1828-1829 Osmanlı-Rus Savaşını kaybetmesi ve Edirne Antlaşmasıyla Çerkesya’yı Rusya’ya bırakması üzerine Rusya ve direniş gösterip teslim olmak istemeyen Kafkasya halkları arasında Kafkas-Rus savaşları başladı. Savaş sırasında başlayan göç hareketinde köylerinin yakılması, hayvanlarının elinden alınması ve din değiştirmeye zorlanmaları etkili oldu. Şeyh Şamil’in direnişini kaybetmesiyle beraber Laçış-Saban ailesi de 1859 yılında Osmanlı topraklarına göç etti. 21 Mayıs 1864’te Çarlık Rusyası’nın kesin galibiyeti ile Çerkesler Osmanlı topraklarına zorunlu olarak sürgün edildi. Bu çalışmada göçün nedenleri, yaşanan zorluklar, Çerkeslerin Osmanlı’ya uyum süreçleri ve sonrası Laçış-Saban ailesinin perspektifinden anlatılacaktır.
Open Access
Mechanistic pathways of malignancy in breast cancer stem cells
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2020-04-30) Yousefnia, S.; Forootan, F. S.; Forootan, S. S.; Esfahani, M. H. N.; Güre, Ali Osmay
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are the minor population of breast cancer (BC) cells that exhibit several phenotypes such as migration, invasion, self-renewal, and chemotherapy as well as radiotherapy resistance. Recently, BCSCs have been more considerable due to their capacity for recurrence of tumors after treatment. Recognition of signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms involved in stemness phenotypes of BCSCs could be effective for discovering novel treatment strategies to target BCSCs. This review introduces BCSC markers, their roles in stemness phenotypes, and the dysregulated signaling pathways involved in BCSCs such as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, PI3K/Akt/nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), TGF-β, hedgehog (Hh), Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, and Hippo pathway. In addition, this review presents recently discovered molecular mechanisms implicated in chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance, migration, metastasis, and angiogenesis of BCSCs. Finally, we reviewed the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in BCSCs as well as several other therapeutic strategies such as herbal medicine, biological agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies, nanoparticles, and microRNAs, which have been more considerable in the last decades.
Open Access
The role of bcsE gene in the pathogenicity of Salmonella
(Oxford University Press, 2021-07-19) Özdemir, Caner; Akçelik, N.; Özdemir, F. N.; Evcili, İrem; Kahraman, Tamer; Gürsel, İhsan; Akçelik, M.
The effects of the bcsE gene and BcsE protein on bacterial physiology and pathogenicity in SalmonellaTyphimurium and Salmonella Group C1 were investigated. It was observed that biofilm and pellicle formation did not occur in the bcsE gene mutants of wild-type strains. Besides, the ‘rdar’ (red, dry, rough) biofilm morphotype in wild-type strains changed significantly in the mutants. In terms of the bcsE gene, the swimming and swarming motility in mutant strains showed a dramatic increase compared to the wild-type strains. The Salmonella bcsE gene was cloned into Escherichia coli BL21, and the his-tagged protein produced in this strain was purified to obtain polyclonal antibodies in BALB/c mice. The antibodies were showed labeled antigen specificity to the BscE protein. As a result of immunization and systemic persistence tests carried out with BALB/c mice, BscE protein was determined to trigger high levels of humoral and cellular responses (Th1 cytokine production, IgG2a/IgG1 > 1). Systemic persistence in the liver and spleen samples decreased by 99.99% and 100% in the bcsE mutant strains. Finally, invasion abilities on HT-29 epithelial cells of wild-type strains were utterly disappeared in their bcsE gene mutant strains.