Browsing by Subject "Inequality"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5

Open Access
The impact of financial liberalization and the rise of financial rents on income inequality: the case of Turkey
(Oxford University Press, 2004) Yeldan, A. E.
This is the third of five country case studies on income inequality, and investigates the impact of financial liberalization and the rise of financial rents on income inequality in Turkey. The chapter has five sections: Introduction; Indicators of Income Distribution: The Evidence-a broad overview, and evidence on the patterns of income distribution in Turkey over the last three decades; Macroeconomic Adjustment under Financial Liberalization and the Rise of Financial Rents-a discussion of the evolution of functional categories of income that includes an account of the macroeconomic adjustment; The Rising Fiscal Gap and the Role of the State in Regulating the Distributional Structure-a detailed analysis of the rise in public sector deficits and the distributive consequences of the widening fiscal gap; and Concluding Comments and Overall Assessment. Sect. 3 looks at the inherent tensions caused by the macroeconomic disequilibria embodied in the process of integration with world markets under conditions of a poorly supervised banking system and underdeveloped and fragile domestic asset markets; here, it is found to be analytically convenient to decompose the path of Turkish liberalization after 1980 into two major subperiods partitioned by the strategic step of capital account deregulation-which took place in 1989 and was completed by the full integration of the domestic market into global financial markets. This section also studies the patterns of the wage cycle and productivity growth using quantitative filtering techniques, and reports on the disassociation of labour remunerations from the productivity gains in the real sphere of the economy. © United Nations University/World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU/WIDER) 2004. All rights reserved.
Open Access
Kazakh intelligentsia and the quest for egalitarianism, 1917-1927
(2021-05) Tustikbay, Nurzhan
Within its multiethnic empire, Tsarist Russia institutionalized the inequality between Russians and non-Orthodox, non-Russian peoples. At the beginning of the 20th century, the country was undergoing radical political transformations that included the participation of actors from the borderlands. By bringing to the fore the voice from the periphery, this thesis examines the political history of making Soviet Kazakhstan between 1917 and 1927 from the perspective of the local Kazakh politicians. The central question is why Kazakh intellectuals engaged with the Soviet project. Based on the documents of the local elite, the main argument is that the Kazakh political establishment strived to achieve an egalitarian position within Russia, which became an essential determinant for their engagement with the Soviet project. Specifically, the struggle for equality occurred in three dimensions. Firstly, the intelligentsia strove to achieve equal rights for the indigenous population and equal representation within the multiethnic state. This became the determining factor in their acceptance of the Soviet power. The second dimension was an effort to overcome the Tsarist legacy – that is, to eliminate the historical inequality between dominant and oppressed nations and thereby ensure actual equality. The last dimension focuses on Kazakh statesmen’s ideas to transform the Kazakh society in conformity with egalitarian principles. Specifically, the emphasis lies in the spread of education and class restructuring of society, which corresponded to the Soviet project. This latter dimension would also challenge the Central Party's interpretation in the mid-1920s that the local statesmen were either a conservative or nationalist force.
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Mardin'in Nusaybin ilçesindeki sosyal ve kültürel yapının kadınların sosyal hayatına etkisi
(Bilkent University, 2024) Erman, Bahar; Arslan, Yankı; Altıkardeş, Barış; Kaleli, Sedef; Muhtaranlar, Rutkay
Bu araştırma, Mardin’in Nusaybin ilçesinde sosyal ve kültürel yapının kadınların sosyal hayatına etkisini, özellikle Altıkardeş ailesinin bakış açısından değerlendirmeyi hedef almıştır. Mardin’in 1984-1994 yıllarına ait yerel gazete manşetleri, bölgedeki terör, kadın sorunu ve genel iç karışıklığı hakkında makaleler ve Altıkardeş aile bireyleriyle yapılan röportajlar kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Mardin’de oluşmuş gelenekler ve bu gelenekleri oluşturan unsurlar göz önünde bulundurularak aile ve aşiret yapısı ve bölgedeki terörün kadınlara olan etkisi incelenmiştir. İlk olarak Güneydoğu Anadolu’nun ekonomik, demografik ve sosyo kültürel yapısı incelenmiş ve bu bağlamda Mardin’de ekonomik, toplumsal ve kültürel yapının toplumun geleneklerinin şekillenmesinde oynadığı rol analiz edilmiştir. Bu konu özelinde ağırlıklı olarak T.C Aile Araştırma Kurumu Başkanlığı’nın yazılarından faydalanılmıştır. Ardından bölgedeki aile ve aşiret yapılanmasının kadınlara olan etkisi dönemin gazete haberleriyle birlikte; İsmet Altıkardeş, Ahmet Doğmuşöz ve Sevim Karadavut ile yapılan röportajların yardımıyla yorumlanmıştır. Bu yapılanma, özellikle kadınların aile içinde benimsediği rol, erken yaşta evlilik, aile içi şiddet ve gelir eşitsizliği gibi konular göz önünde bulundurularak incelenmiştir. Ek olarak bölgede artan terörün kadınların günlük hayatına etkisi, Mardin özelinde yazılan araştırma makalelerinden faydalanılarak irdelenmiştir. Bu araştırma, Mardin’de sosyal ve kültürel yapıya derinlemesine bir bakış sunmayı amaçlamıştır ve bölgedeki kadınların yaşadığı zorluklara ışık tutmuştur.
Open Access
Rethinking the European social model
(Foundation for European Progressive Studies, 2016) Tsarouhas, Dimitris; Stetter, E.; Duffek, K.; Skrzypek, A.
The concept of the European Social Model (ESM) has been used by academics and practitioners alike for quite some time. Though its precise conceptualization often remained elusive, its use was welcomed across much of the mainstream party political spectrum in Europe. After all and although the ESM could be interpreted in different ways, it surely stood for the uniqueness of the west European version of capitalism, normative or real, and the positive connotations associated with it. The banking, sovereign debt, financial and economic crisis, however, has contributed not only to a drop in economic output and higher unemployment across much of the European Union (EU). It is also leading to a new soul-searching mission as to what the ESM really is, not least in light of the conscious political choice to adopt austerity politics as a mechanism of economic “catharsis”, and to impose the costs of “adjustment” mostly on those least in a position to defend themselves from freely floating market forces. Given the heterogeneity of EU member states and their very diverse institutional and organizational features, does a European Social Model still exist today, even at a normative level of common aspiration? Is the policy of socio-economic convergence between the localities, regions and states of Europe still part of a grand EU contract to which the citizens of Europe can have faith? Or does the crisis underline and aggravate EU heterogeneity, leading to internal competition on economic performance, thus relegating further any concerns the Union aspires to in terms of social protection and cohesion? In other words, is ECB President Mario Draghi write when claiming that the “European Social Model is already gone”?
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Türkiye'deki çocukların eğitiminin geliştirilmesinde TOÇEV: "Okumak Her Çocuğun Hakkı"
(Bilkent University, 2024) Aksay, Nazlı; Bıgay, İlayda Şenız; Orozobayev, Aybike; Kaşıkçı, Arzu; Sabırlı, İpek
Bu makalede Ebru Uygun ve yol arkadaşlarının kurmuş olduğu TOÇEV’in tarihçesi ve projeleri üzerinde durulmaktadır. Ebru Uygun, katıldığı uluslararası yardım projelerinden etkilenmiş ve 1994 yılında İstanbul’da TOÇEV’i kurarak dönemin sivil toplum kuruluşlarının uluslararası alanda faaliyet göstermesine öncü olmuştur. TOÇEV’in kurulduğu dönemden bu yana yaptığı çalışmalar, Türkiye’deki eğitim alanında faaliyet gösteren diğer vakıflar ve dernekler ile karşılaştırılarak ele alınmıştır. Aynı zamanda projelerin işleyişi ve vakfın misyonlarından bahsedilerek TOÇEV’in 90’lardan itibaren katettiği yol incelenmiştir.