Browsing by Subject "Ethics"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 25

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1990’li yıllarda Türkiye’de spor basını
(Bilkent University, 2023) Akkaş, Süleyman Melih; Çiğdem, Mustafa Akdes Ezra; Duman, Sercan; Kürklü, Batuhan; Yavaş, Baran
1990’lı yıllarda spor yazarlığının inceliklerinin anlaşılması için zamanın spor yazarları ile yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda dönemin spor basını açısından ortaya çıkmış en belirgin değişiklikler tespit edilerek bunlar ayrı başlıklar altında incelenmiştir. Dönemin öne çıkan birincil özelliği olan değişim ve evrimin nasıl gerçekleştiği, sonuçları ve günümüze yansıyan etkileri nitelik ve istatistiki veriler ile nicelik olarak incelenmiştir. Varılan sonuçta günümüzde spor yazarlığının bu kadar belirgin hale gelmiş olmasında, sektörün 1990’lı yıllarda geçirdiği yapısal, içeriksel ve finanslar değişikliklerin çokça etkisi olduğu ortaya konmuştur.
Open Access
Accounting for externalities in the measurement of productivity growth: the Malmquist cost productivity measure
(Elsevier BV, 2005) Ball, E.; Färe, R.; Grosskopf, S.; Zaim, O.
This paper starts with the basic premise: that conventional measures of productivity growth-often used as a measure of corporate performance-which ignore external or social output, are biased. We then construct an alternative productivity growth measure using activity analysis which integrates the externality/social output into a generalized productivity measure reflecting social responsibility. This method is very general and could be applied to gauge corporate social responsibility. We provide an application to US agriculture to demonstrate the approach: We show that conventional measures of productivity are biased upward when production of negative externalities (or bad) outputs is increasing. Conversely, this same measure of productivity is biased downward when externalities in production are decreasing. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Open Access
Ayaşlı ile Kiracıları'nda anlatıcı sorunsalı
(2004) Gözcü, Sevim
As a writer who witnessed the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the foundation of the Republic of Turkey, Memduh Şevket Esendal (1884-1952) rose to prominence as the author of Ayaşlı ile Kiracıları (Ayaşlı and His Tenants), which is considered one of the most important novels of the Republican era in Turkish literature. The novel, after being serialized in the newspaper Vakit, was published in book form in 1934. Ayaşlı ile Kiracıları attracted the attention of many writers and critics after it won the fifth place in the Novel Competition of Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi (the Republican Party) in 1942. So far, appraisals of it have been centered on its usage of plain language and its accurate reflection of societal transformation during the early Republican period. However, the position of the narrator, which is highly decisive in shaping the novel, has been scarcely explored in criticism. In this thesis, the function of the narrator as a character will be analyzed in terms of his cultural distinction, class position, and narrative practices. In the novel, a bank officer writes his memories about the people he has lived with and the events he has witnessed in the nine-room flat of an apartment building. The narrator, who writes his memories in a seemingly sincere manner, as he comes to know the other tenants more closely, starts to feel uneasy about living in this place, a kind of boarding house. As the story develops the narrator introduces and scrutinizes many new characters, but at the same time, these characters begin to reveal their serious ethical shortcomings. Throughout the novel the narrator witnesses the moral deterioration of the environment which is rampant with drug addiction, gambling, material greed, gossip, selfishness, irresponsibility, and a general lack of love and care. Characters such as unfaithful couples and neglected children present an atmosphere that is unacceptable to ordinary citizens and average readers. On the other hand, it is understood upon close examination that the narrator himself epitomizes the hard-working, honest, and respectable citizen with egalitarian values. Among the people of questionable moral standards he stands out as a high bureaucrat and intellectual. The occasion of his happy and respectable marriage towards the end of the novel once again underscores his difference from the other tenants and the values they represent. The narrator mainly employs two narrative strategies throughout the novel. Firstly, he presents his world ostensibly as a passive spectator. Secondly, he presents a critique of this world without excessively accentuating his different value system. Therefore, he gives the impression that he is not imposing any value judgments upon his fellow tenants, who are in fact characters created by him. He tries to persuade the reader that he is in fact objective and acquiescent. Thus, a close examination of the narrative construction of the novel brings to light the difference between the narrator and the other people boarding the apartment house in terms of ethical standpoint and cultural status.
Open Access
A bayesian network analysis of ethical behavior
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2016) Ekici, A.; Ekici, S. O.
Using one of the major domains of macromarketing – ethics – this paper aims to introduce the Bayesian network (BN) method and demonstrate its added value for macro-level decision makers. Bayesian networks are particularly important for macromarketers because they allow researchers to analyze a domain from a system perspective. The BN approach is considered one of the most powerful tools for observing system changes. The method can also deal with multiple variables at once, which can lead to efficient scenario analyses, critical for understanding how a system functions. As such, BNs offer a powerful tool for macromarketers who deal with systems, interactions, and higher levels of aggregation. We believe that the adoption of this methodology by macromarketing researchers is likely to contribute to the discipline by advancing the understanding of how certain systemic/network relationships and various domains of macromarketing work.
Open Access
Bilge Karasu's animals : ethical and political encounters
(2017-07) Gergöy, Adem
In his fiction and intellectual works Bilge Karasu (1930-1995) emphatically addresses the ethical and political problems that Critical Animal Studies have recently focused on in terms of human-animal relationships. In these works, the subject of animals is not a simple theme but rather a construction to investigate non-dominating meeting points between "the same" and "other". This thesis investigates how human "coexistence" with animals is conceived in Bilge Karasu's oeuvre. For this purpose I focus on the representation of animals in a selection of Bilge Karasu’s fictions, including Göçmüş Kediler Bahçesi, Kılavuz, Kısmet Büfesi, Narla İncire Gazel, Ne Kitapsız Ne Kedisiz. In analyzing the texts, Jacques Derrida's "animal question", which presented a new approach to Critical Animal Studies, was taken into account. The focus of this approach is the ethical and political problems brought about by "language" in human-animal relations. "Language", the focal point of human-animal separation, leads to the two main problems in human-animal relationships that complement each other. One cannot imagine animals in and of themselves because of the reductive nature of "language". Thus, the hurdle of “language” throws animals out of life and opens up endless ways of exploiting them. The questions this thesis focuses on in reading Bilge Karasu are as follows: Which ontological similarities and differences are emphasized between humans and animals in the texts? What effect does this predicted design have on the Karasu’s ethical vision? Which narrative strategies are followed as the result of this design? In brief, the conclusion reached at the end of this work is that the works of Bilge Karasu, a non-human-centered fictional world related to human-animal relations is established. In this world, man desires not to be set in contrast with animals but to lead a "side-by-side existence". The relations between human beings and animals are strikingly emphasized not through language but through face-to-face experience. Furthermore, in these texts, tools of literary representation such as symbols and metaphors that describe the encounters between the reader and animals have been transformed through postmodern narrative techniques.
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Bir aktöre denemesi
(1997) Barlas, Orhan
Open Access
Chatbots and mental health: Insights into the safety of generative AI
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2023-10-26) De Freitas, Julian; Uğuralp, Ahmet Kaan; Oğuz-Uğuralp, Zeliha; Puntoni, Stefano
Chatbots are now able to engage in sophisticated conversations with consumers. Due to the “black box” nature of the algorithms, it is impossible to predict in advance how these conversations will unfold. Behavioral research provides little insight into potential safety issues emerging from the current rapid deployment of this technology at scale. We begin to address this urgent question by focusing on the context of mental health and “companion AI”: Applications designed to provide consumers with synthetic interaction partners. Studies 1a and 1b present field evidence: Actual consumer interactions with two different companion AIs. Study 2 reports an extensive performance test of several commercially available companion AIs. Study 3 is an experiment testing consumer reaction to risky and unhelpful chatbot responses. The findings show that (1) mental health crises are apparent in a nonnegligible minority of conversations with users; (2) companion AIs are often unable to recognize, and respond appropriately to, signs of distress; and (3) consumers display negative reactions to unhelpful and risky chatbot responses, highlighting emerging reputational risks for generative AI companies.
Open Access
Contextual effects on ethical sensitivity and penalty judgments
(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003) Şımga-Mugan, C.; Önkal-Atay, D.
The aim of the current study is to explore the potential existence of contextual effects on ethical sensitivity and penalty judgments. In so doing, Turkish female and male business students’ ethical judgments for accounting and general business contexts are investigated, along with their penalty judgments in these two settings. The results of this study reveal no significant gender-related differences in ethical judgments on accounting issues, but significant gender differences are observed in general business scenarios. This finding supports the proposition that observed differences of ethical judgments between the genders may be contextual. The results indicate that there is higher ethical awareness for both genders in general business contexts, with females showing stronger ethical sensitivity than males for general business vignettes. In general, males are found to prefer harsher penalties than females for accounting settings and for all penalty choices. Analyses of penalty judgments between the groups of individuals who are more ethically sensitive and who are less ethically sensitive reveals that there exist significant differences between these groups in all penalty choices, with ethically-more-sensitive group participants preferring stronger penalties.
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Democracy and Moral Development by David L. Norton
(1992) Klosko, George
Open Access
Educating the mindful design practitioner
(Elsevier, 2021-05-06) Altay, Burçak; Porter, N.
Mindfulness applications are increasing exponentially across many disciplines. However, mindfulness theory and practice within design pedagogy is relatively scarce. What are the operational concepts and applications of mindfulness for acquiring design skills and ethical awareness? We explore these questions through a theoretical framework and two university-based studies where design students engaged in various mindfulness activities. Results show that meditation practices (formal mindfulness) and adopting a mindful approach to design tasks (informal mindfulness) can facilitate exploratory and creative thinking, increase sensory and spatial awareness, ‘free up’ one’s inner critic, and expand students’ empathetic horizons. These outcomes suggest mindfulness training is fruitful for the holistic development of students, supporting them to be truly reflective practitioners who creatively attend to the wellbeing of others and themselves.
Open Access
The ethical ideologies of tourism marketers
(Pergamon Press, 2006-04) Yaman, R. H.; Gurel, E.
This article reports on the findings of the first phase of a wide-ranging study that aims to determine whether tourism managers from different cultures differ in ethical decisionmaking. It examines the ethical ideologies and perceptions of social responsibility of those in charge of organizations operating within the systems in Australia and Turkey. A mail survey was undertaken with a sample of marketing executives of tourism organizations in these countries. Respondents were queried about their ethical ideologies and perceptions of social responsibility and the influence of those on organizational effectiveness. The variation is explained by cultural differences and selected demographic characteristics of the executives and their organizations.
Open Access
Ethics and aesthetics in the philosophy of Alain Badiou
(2005) Yalım, P. Burcu
The supposed impossibility of achieving a form of rational agency for action is the prevailing critique against contemporary theories of representaion. Alain Badiou’s philosophy appears to solve this problem by assigning a subject-form and not a substantial subject as such as rational agency and by filling in the space of truth left empty by the declaration of the end of philosophy with a new universality of truth subject to temporality. Yet this apparent duality of form and content pertaining to subjectivity, and the manner in which time and history are constructed in Badiou’s theory of truth signal the return of a certain transcendence, and the very abolishment of the time which appears to be thus constructed. This thesis aims to make a critical discussion on Alain Badiou’s philosophy through his fifteen theses on art, as the return of classical philosophy and to rise the ethical stakes involved in putting forth a philosophy based upon truth.
Open Access
Fabric frontiers: thread, cloth, body, self in Latina literature in film
(University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013) Harper, M. P.
This article examines the relationship between self-formation and clothing as a contact zone in Sandra Cisneros's "Eleven," Achy Obejas's "We Came All the Way from Cuba So You Could Dress Like This?" and Alicia Partnoy's "The Denim Jacket" as well as in the film El Norte and the documentary Señorita extraviada. Exploring the cultural conflicts that unfold on the surface of clothing, I contend that these literary and cinematic texts offer richly nuanced moments in which a character interacts with a garment to illuminate the complex relations between biological bodies and social contexts. In these texts, cloth operates both as a limen and as the creased and occasionally threadbare map of a life; whether to take a garment off, put it on, throw it away, or hold on to it becomes a matter of ethical significance, of practicing a particular kind of relationship to oneself.
Open Access
The influence of distributive justice on lying for and stealing from a supervisor
(Springer Netherlands, 2009) Umphress, E. E.; Ren, L. R.; Bingham, J. B.; Gogus, C. I.
In a controlled laboratory experiment, we found evidence for our predictions that participants who received fair distributive treatment were more likely to lie to give a supervisor a good performance evaluation than those treated unfairly, and those who received unfair distributive treatment were more likely to steal money from a supervisor than those treated fairly. We further proposed that the presence of an ethical code of conduct would moderate these relationships such that when the code was present these relationships would be weaker than when the code was absent, but we failed to find support for these moderating effects. Our findings suggest that the relationship between distributive justice and unethical behavior is likely more complex than previously considered. Both researchers and managers may benefit from a broader understanding of the factors that motivate and inhibit unethical behaviors intended to benefit and harm supervisors and/or organizations.
Open Access
The influence of nationality and gender on ethical sensitivity: an application of the issue-contingent model
(Springer, 2005) Simga‐Mugan, C.; Daly, B. A.; Onkal, D.; Kavut, L.
When a member of an organization has to make a decision or act in a way that may benefit some stakeholders at the expense of others ethical dilemmas may arise. This paper examines ethical sensitivity regarding the duties to clients and owners (principals) employees (agents) and responsibilities to society (third parties). Within this framework ethical perceptions of male and female managers are compared between the U.S. and Turkey - two countries that differ on power distance as well as the individualism/collectivism dimensions. Our results show that ethical sensitivity varies depending upon whether the interests of principals agents or third parties are affected by a given ethical dilemma. We also find that contingent upon the principal-agent-society relationships the nationality and gender of the decision-maker influences ethical sensitivity.
Open Access
May ı treat a collective as a more means?
(University of Illinois Press, 2014) Wringe, B.
According to Kant, it is impermissible to treat humanity as a mere means. If we accept Kant's equation of humanity with rational agency, and are literalists about ascriptions of agency to collectives it appears to follow that we may not treat collectives as mere means. On most standard accounts of what it is to treat something as a means this conclusion seems highly implausible. I conclude that we are faced with a range of options. One would be to rethink the equation of humanity with rationality. Another would be to abandon the prohibition on treating as a means. The last would be to abandon literalist construals of attribution of agency to collectives
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Nietzsche's immoralism
(1991) Foot, Philippa
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Notes and comment; "I'am Alien to a Great Deal": Flannery O'connor and the Modernist Ethic
(1990) Magistrale, Tony
Open Access
Of algorithms, data and ethics: a response to Andrew Bennett
(SAGE Publications Ltd., 2015) Mutlu, C. E.
Developments in the field of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) will have a significant impact on the way we study international relations. Opportunities related to data processing and automated reasoning that emerge through developments in complex algorithms will inevitably generate a debate on research methods in social sciences. Algorithms provide novel and innovative ways to sort and make sense of digital data. Applications of ‘big data’ and its potential uses in the social sciences remain understudied in IR. The field has not fully picked up on the potential uses of algorithmic processing for research. This article looks at the ethical questions that arise from the use of algorithmic data processing and automated reasoning. In particular, the article asks whether there should be any ethical limitations on the ways we collect data to be processed by algorithms.
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Olayları açıklamanın en temel koşulları üzerine
(1996) Çotuksöken, Betül