Browsing by Subject "Diagnostics"
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Item Open Access Application of a mode-locked fiber laser for highly time resolved broadband absorption spectroscopy and laser-assisted breakdown on micro-plasmas(IOP Publishing, 2012-05-29) Niermann, B.; Budunoglu, I. L.; Gurel, K.; Boke, M.; Ilday, F. O.; Winter, J.Absorption spectroscopy is known to be a powerful tool to gain spatially and temporally resolved information on excited and reactive species in a plasma discharge. Furthermore, the interaction of the discharge with short intense laser pulses can trigger the ignition and the transition into other transient states of the plasma. In this context laser-assisted 'pump-probe' experiments involving simultaneously generated supercontinuum radiation yield highly temporally resolved and spatially well-defined information on the transient phenomena. In this paper we demonstrate the possibility for 'pump-probe' experiments by initiating breakdown on a picosecond time scale ('pump') with a high-power beam and measuring the broadband absorption with the simultaneously provided supercontinuum ('probe'). Since both pulses are generated from the same mode-locked master oscillator, they have a strong level of synchronization.Item Open Access Combating infectious diseases with synthetic biology(American Chemical Society, 2022-01-25) Khan, Anooshay; Ostaku, Julian; Aras, Ebru; Safak Seker, Urartu OzgurOver the past decades, there have been numerous outbreaks, including parasitic, fungal, bacterial, and viral infections, worldwide. The rate at which infectious diseases are emerging is disproportionate to the rate of development for new strategies that could combat them. Therefore, there is an increasing demand to develop novel, specific, sensitive, and effective methods for infectious disease diagnosis and treatment. Designed synthetic systems and devices are becoming powerful tools to treat human diseases. The advancement in synthetic biology offers efficient, accurate, and cost-effective platforms for detecting and preventing infectious diseases. Herein we focus on the latest state of living theranostics and its implications.Item Open Access Lab-on-a-chip platforms for disease detection and diagnosis(Wiley Blackwell, 2018) Işıksaçan, Ziya.; Güler, M. T.; Kalantarifard, Ali; Asghari, Mohammad; Elbüken, Çağlar; Altıntaş, Z.The adaptation of silicon electronics microfabrication technologies to other materials led to the birth of microfluidic systems. These systems allow investigation and control of fluids at micrometer scale. Due to the wide variety of applications of microfluidics, several research groups have been involved in the development of basic microfluidic components. After the development of fundamental fluid handling components, these technologies have been integrated for numerous applications one of which is disease detection and diagnostics. This chapter summarizes the microfluidic platforms that are mature enough for adaptation towards disease detection. The microfluidic platforms were discussed under six categories: continuous flow, paper‐based, microdroplets, digital microfluidics, compact disk‐based, and wearable platforms. Seminal works and recent developments in each category have been presented together with successful commercial examples. It is worth noting that some studies straddle more than one category, therefore, this classification is strictly for the ease of the reader. Each section discusses the benefits of a specific microfluidic platform. Engineering of microfluidic systems lead to lab‐on‐a‐chip (LOC) systems that can be used for diagnostics whether at point‐of‐care as portable systems or at clinical settings as advanced detection systems. The increasing awareness on personalized treatments proves the importance of such democratizing technologies. The increasing market share of microfluidic platforms in nearly all sectors is also an indication of the bright future of microfluidics and lab‐on‐a‐chip systems. The chapter is ended with a future outlook.Item Open Access Smart materials-integrated sensor technologies for COVID-19 diagnosis(Qatar University and Springer Nature Switzerland, 2021-01-21) Erdem, Özgecan; Derin, Esma; Sağdıç, Kutay; Yılmaz, Eylül Gülsen; İnci, FatihAfter the first case has appeared in China, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose an omnipresent threat to global health, affecting more than 70 million patients and leading to around 1.6 million deaths. To implement rapid and effective clinical management, early diagnosis is the mainstay. Today, real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR test is the major diagnostic practice as a gold standard method for accurate diagnosis of this disease. On the other side, serological assays are easy to be implemented for the disease screening. Considering the limitations of today’s tests including lengthy assay time, cost, the need for skilled personnel, and specialized infrastructure, both strategies, however, have impediments to be applied to the resource-scarce settings. Therefore, there is an urgent need to democratize all these practices to be applicable across the globe, specifically to the locations comprising of very limited infrastructure. In this regard, sensor systems have been utilized in clinical diagnostics largely, holding great potential to have pivotal roles as an alternative or complementary options to these current tests, providing crucial fashions such as being suitable for point-of-care settings, cost-effective, and having short turnover time. In particular, the integration of smart materials into sensor technologies leverages their analytical performances, including sensitivity, linear dynamic range, and specificity. Herein, we comprehensively review major smart materials such as nanomaterials, photosensitive materials, electrically sensitive materials, their integration with sensor platforms, and applications as wearable tools within the scope of the COVID-19 diagnosis.Item Open Access A snapshot of microfluidics in point-of-care diagnostics: multifaceted integrity with materials and sensors(Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2021-05-09) Akçeoğlu, Garbis Atam; Saylan, Y.; İnci, FatihOver four decades, point-of-care (POC) technologies and their pivotal applications in the biomedical arena have increased irrepressibly and allowed to realize the potential of portable and accurate diagnostic strategies. Today, in the light of these advances, POC systems dominate the medical inventions and bring the diagnostics to the bedside settings, potentially minimizing the workload in the centralized laboratories, as well as remarkably reducing the associated-cost and time. In contrast to the conventional technologies, microfluidics paves the way to create more efficient and applicable POC diagnostic devices through their inherent fashions such as minute volume of samples, easy manipulations, shorter assay time, and low-cost production. In this review, the current status and advancements of microfluidic systems along with the current limitations in the aspect of POC diagnostic strategies are elaborated. Further, the integration of novel materials and innovative sensing platforms to the microfluidic systems are comprehensively evaluated to address the real-world challenges for diagnosing various maladies at the POC settings.