Browsing by Subject "Debt"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4

Open Access
Central Bank independence and financing government spending
(Elsevier BV, 1998) Berument, Hakan
This paper incorporates the effect of the central bank's independence into the government's optimum financing model. When the implications of the hypotheses are tested for eighteen OECD countries, this paper shows that countries with higher levels of central bank independence generate less seigniorage revenue.
Open Access
Grace periods in sovereign debt
(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 1999) Bac, M.
This paper presents a theoretical analysis of grace periods in the context of an overhang of external debt creating a tax on domestic investment. The grace period arises as a Nash equilibrium strategy of the creditor in a dynamic, noncooperative game. Its length is shown to depend on the planning horizon of the parties, the discount factor and the growth prospect of the debtor country.
Open Access
"Nothing will satisfy you but money" Debt, freedom, and the mid-atlantic culture of money, 1670–1764
(University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021-02-03) Johnson, Daniel
Politics in British America often centered on the issue of currency. Competing ideas about the nature of money and what constituted just relations of credit and debt also pervaded everyday colonial culture. By the late seventeenth century, some mid-Atlantic colonists believed that colonial debt laws and powerful urban merchants’ monopolization of coin led to the appropriation of debtors’ land and labor. Assembly emissions of bills of credit in New York and Pennsylvania in the 1710s and 1720s eased many debtors’ burdens, but the creation of provincial paper monies enhanced rather than diminished money’s importance as an object of social and political controversy in the region. By the middle of the eighteenth century, supporters of paper money believed that bills of credit uniquely embodied liberty, possessing the power to maintain ordinary inhabitants’ independence. Monetary scarcity, by contrast, portended dispossession and bondage. This article analyzes the petitions, pamphlets, editorials, broadsides, and crowd actions that contributed to the creation of a distinctive culture of money in the mid-Atlantic between the 1670s and 1760s.
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Tarım Kredi Kooperatifleri
(Bilkent University, 2021) Karaman, Seha Eylül; Oral, Banu; Tonguç, Mehmet; Sabuncu, Ege; Al, Şeymanur
Tarım Kredi Kooperatifleri üreticilerin çıkarlarını korumak amacıyla kurulmuş ve üyelik koşulları Tarım Kredi Kooperatifleri Kanunu ile belirlenmiştir. Kooperatiflerin bütçesi üyelerin kendi öz kaynakları ve Ziraat Bankası tarafından oluşturulmuştur. Kredi vermenin yanı sıra çiftçilerin gübre, zirai ilaç, yem, tarım alet ve makinaları ve ender olarak da bazı tüketim maddeleri gibi zirai giderleri de kooperatifler tarafından karşılanmaktadır.1 Kooperatifler çiftçilere kredilerini ödemeleri konusunda imkanlar sunmakta ve ödeyemeyecekleri durumlarda kolaylıklar sağlamaktadır. Tarım Kredi Kooperatiflerinin yaptıkları çalışmaların faydalarının görülmesi ile birlikte üye sayıları yıldan yıla artmış ve kooperatifçilik sistemi hızla yayılmıştır.