Browsing by Subject "Conjugated polymers"

Now showing 1 - 18 of 18

Open Access
Conjugated polymers based on polyfluorene derivatives and polypyrrole
(2007) Koldemir, Ünsal
In this thesis, a series of polyfluorene based copolymers have been prepared via Suzuki Coupling for use in light emitting diodes (LEDs). Polyfluorene based polymers are synthesized from different monomers. These polymers are characterized with spectroscopic techniques including FT-IR, UV-VIS, Fluorescence and 1H, 13C NMR. Conjugated polymers are attractive chemical structures inherently allowing charge transport. However, in the solid state, conjugated polymers lack stability and form aggregates. To overcome this problem, conjugated polymers can be converted to insulated molecular wires. This can be achieved by separation of the conjugated polymer chains by a macrocycle. In this study, encapsulation of conjugated polymers is tried with two methods. First method is to encapsulate the polymer main chain by macrocycles. Polypyrrole based polypseudorotaxane is prepared in this way. Pyrrole is complexed with the cucurbit[6]uril (CB(6)) and following chemical oxidation by FeCl3 in acidic medium yields the desired polypseudorotaxane. Spectroscopic investigations such as FT-IR, UV-VIS, Fluorescence and 1H-NMR confirm the formation of polypyrrole based polypseudorotaxane. The second method involves the rotaxanation of the polymer side chains. For this purpose, fluorene based monomers are chosen because the 9th position of fluorene can be easily functionalized. After attaching suitable groups to the 9th position of fluorene, the rotaxane formation was attempted via 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition in the presence of CB(6). A white light emitting diode is prepared using a hybrid inorganic and organic material based system. Prepared conjugated polymers were used in white light generation. Good results are obtained with high CRI indices. Also the thermal stability of the conjugated polymers is studied by FT-IR, UV-VIS and Fluorescence spectroscopic techniques under heat exposure.
Open Access
Cucurbit [7] uril-threaded fluorene-thiophene-based conjugated polyrotaxanes
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016) Idris, M.; Bazzar, M.; Guzelturk, B.; Demir, Hilmi Volkan; Tuncel, D.
Here we investigate the effect of cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) on the thermal and optical properties of fluorene-thiophene based conjugated polyelectrolytes. For this purpose, poly(9,9′-bis(6′′-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)hexyl)fluorene-alt-co-thiophenelene) P1 and poly(9,9′-bis(6′′-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)propyl)fluorene-alt-co-thiophenelene) P2 and their CB7-based polyrotaxane counterparts, P1CB7 and P2CB7, are synthesized by threading the part of the conjugated backbone of these polymers with CB7 during their synthesis. Threading efficiency in the P1CB7 containing hexyl pendant of as high as 50% is achieved, but in the case of P2, with the propyl pendant, only around 15% is achieved. We observed significant changes in the optical properties of both P1CB7 and P2CB7 with respect to their polymers P1 and P2. Fluorescent quantum yields of P1 and P2 which are 0.11 and 0.35 have increased to 0.46 and 0.55 for P1CB7 (>4 fold) and P2CB7, respectively. Moreover, polyrotaxanes compared to their polymers exhibit longer fluorescence lifetimes in the solution and the solid state thanks to the suppressed overall nonradiative recombination via encapsulation of the conjugated polymer backbone. Thermal analysis also indicates that polyrotaxanes have higher thermal stabilities than their polymer counterparts. In order to demonstrate the applicability of the synthesized materials, we also fabricated proof-of-concept light emitting diodes from P1 and its CB7-based polyrotaxane counterpart P1CB7. The CB7-integrating polymer showed lower turn-on voltages with high electroluminescence colour purity due to balanced charge injection in P1CB7 as compared to the P1 polymer.
Open Access
Design and synthesis of monosaccharide functionalized conjugated polymers, polyrotaxanes and oligomers for biological applications
(2015-09) Soner, Esra Deniz
In this work, the design, synthesis and characterization of fluorescent, water-soluble, multivalent glycoconjugates for their potential applications in active-targetted cellular theranostics through receptor-mediated endocytosis are presented. Gluco-functionalized thiophene monomers are utilized for the pre-functionalized Suzuki coupling polymerization of glycopolythiophenes and glycopolythiophenerotaxanes. The pre-functionalized glycopolythiophenerotaxane synthesis route was designed to provide in situ complexation between boronic ester thiophene monomer and water-soluble macrocycle cucurbit[7]uril, for the Suzuki coupling with the glycothiophene monomer in water. Red emitting oligomers carrying azide groups were utilized for the synthesis of post-functionalized glycoconjugate oligomers. These functionalizations were carried through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (click reaction) between azide groups and alkyne-functionalized monosaccharides (mannose or glucose). Structural and photophysical properties of glycopolythiophenes were investigated through ¹H-NMR, UV-VIS, and Fluorescence Spectroscopy. Monomers in synthetic steps were analysed through ¹H-NMR, IR, and ¹³C-NMR. Structural, photophysical and morphological properties of red oligomers were investigated through ¹H-NMR, HRMS-TOF, DLS, SEM.
Open Access
The effect of cucurbit[n]uril on the solubility, morphology, and the photophysical properties of nonionic conjugated polymers in an aqueous medium
(2010) Tuncel, D.; Artar, M.; Hanay, S. B.
The effects of cucurbit[n]uril on the dissolution and the photophysical properties of nonionic conjugated polymers in water are described. For this purpose, a fluorine-based polymer, namely, poly[9,9-bis{6(N,N-dimethylamino) hexyl}fluorene-co-2,5-thienylene (PFT) was synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques including 1D and 2D NMR, UV-vis, fluorescent spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). For the first time, it was demonstrated that a nonionic conjugated polymer can be made soluble in water through an inclusion complex formation with CB8. The structure of the complex was elucidated by NMR experiments including 1H and selective 1D-NOESY. This complex emits green and is highly fluorescent with fluorescent quantum yield of 35%. In contrast, CB6 or water-soluble CB7 although they are chemically identical to CB8 do not have any effect on the dissolution and photophysical properties of PFT. By preparing a protonated version of PFT, the optical properties of PFT in methanol, protonated PFT and PFT@CB8 in water have been studied and compared. It was also observed that the morphology of the polymer PFT was affected by the presence of CB8. Thus CB8-assisted self-assembly of polymer chains leads to vesicles formation; these structures were characterized by DLS, AFM, SEM, and TEM fluorescent optical microscopy.
Open Access
Facile synthesis of cross-linked patchy fluorescent conjugated polymer nanoparticles by click reactions
(2011) İbrahimova, V.; Ekiz, S.; Gezici, Ö.; Tuncel, D.
Here, we report a novel method to synthesize multifunctional nanoparticles that can be used in biological studies, such as in cell imaging and as a carrier for biomolecules/drugs. The nanoparticles were prepared either via Cu-catalyzed or cucurbit[6]uril (CB6)-catalyzed click reactions between azide groups containing hydrophobic blue, green and yellow emitting fluorene-based conjugated polymers and a hydrophilic diaminodialkyne containing cross-linker. Through the click reaction, not only does the cross-linking confer stability, but it also introduces functional groups, such as triazoles and amines, to the nanoparticles. Moreover, CB6 not only acted as a catalyst to facilitate the copper-free click reaction, but it also allowed us to obtain nanoparticles containing rotaxanes in which the triazole units were encapsulated by CB6 units. TEM images of the nanoparticles also showed that they display very interesting morphologies. Incorporation of hydrophilic functional groups to the hydrophobic conjugated polymers resulted in a distinct phase separation, producing Janus-like or patchy particles.
Open Access
Highly luminescent CB[7]-based conjugated polyrotaxanes embedded into crystalline matrices
(Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2017) Erdem, T.; Idris, M.; Demir, Hilmi Volkan; Tuncel, D.
π-Conjugated polymers suffer from low quantum yields (QYs) due to chain–chain interactions. Furthermore, their emission in solid films is significantly quenched due to aggregation leading further decrease in QY. These are the two main issues of these materials hampering their widespread use in optoelectronic devices. To address these issues, here the backbone of poly(9,9′-bis(6″-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)hexyl)fluorene-alt-co-thiophenelene) is isolated by threading with cucurbit[7]uril (CB7). Subsequently, the conjugated polyrotaxanes are incorporated into organic crystalline matrices to obtain highly efficient color-converting solids suitable for solid-state lighting. Upon threading the polymer backbone with CB7s, although the QY of the resulting polyrotaxane in solution state increases, the quenching problem in their solid state is not completely tackled. To solve this problem, these conjugated polyrotaxanes are embedded into various crystalline matrices and their remarkably high QYs (>50%) in the solution are successfully maintained in the solid state. To demonstrate the suitability of these aforementioned materials for solid-state lighting, a proof-of-concept light-emitting diode is constructed by employing their powders as color converters.
Open Access
Non-radiative resonance energy transfer in bi-polymer nanoparticles of fluorescent conjugated polymers
(Optical Society of American (OSA), 2010) Ozel I.O.; Ozel, T.; Demir, Hilmi Volkan; Tuncel, D.
This work demonstrates the comparative studies of non-radiative resonance energy transfer in bi-polymer nanoparticles based on fluorescent conjugated polymers. For this purpose, poly[(9,9-dihexylfluorene) (PF) as a donor (D) and poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) as an acceptor (A) have been utilized, from which four different bi-polymer nanoparticle systems are designed and synthesized. Both, steady-state fluorescence spectra and time-resolved fluorescence measurements indicate varying energy transfer efficiencies from the host polymer PF to the acceptor polymer MEH-PPV depending on the D-A distances and structural properties of the nanoparticles. The first approach involves the preparation of PF and MEH-PPV nanoparticles separately and mixing them at a certain ratio. In the second approach, first PF and MEH-PPV solutions are mixed prior to nanoparticle formation and then nanoparticles are prepared from the mixture. Third and fourth approaches involve the sequential nanoparticle preparation. In the former, nanoparticles are prepared to have PF as a core and MEH-PPV as a shell. The latter is the reverse of the third in which the core is MEH-PPV and the shell is PF. The highest energy transfer efficiency recorded to be 35% is obtained from the last system, in which a PF layer is sequentially formed on MEH-PPV NPs. © 2010 Optical Society of America.
Open Access
Organic-inorganic composites of semiconductor nanocrystals for efficient excitonics
(American Chemical Society, 2015) Güzeltürk, B.; Demir, Hilmi Volkan
Nanocomposites of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals integrated into conjugated polymers are the key to soft-material hybrid optoelectronics, combining advantages of both plastics and particles. Synergic combination of the favorable properties in the hybrids of colloidal nanocrystals and conjugated polymers offers enhanced performance and new functionalities in light-generation and light-harvesting applications, where controlling and mastering the excitonic interactions at the nanoscale are essential. In this Perspective, we highlight and critically consider the excitonic interactions in the organic inorganic nanocomposites to achieve highly efficient exciton transfer through rational design of the nanocomposites. The use of strong excitonic interactions in optoelectronic devices can trigger efficiency breakthroughs in hybrid optoelectronics.
Open Access
pH-responsive near-infrared emitting conjugated polymer nanoparticles for cellular imaging and controlled-drug delivery
(John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2014) Pennakalathil, J.; Özgün, A.; Durmaz, I.; Cetin Atalay, R.; Tuncel, D.
In this article, pH-responsive near-infrared emitting conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) are prepared, characterized, and their stabilities are investigated under various conditions. These nanoparticles have capacity to be loaded with water insoluble, anticancer drug, camptothecin (CPT), with around 10% drug loading efficiency. The in vitro release studies demonstrate that the release of CPTs from CPNs is pHdependent such that significantly faster drug release at mildly acidic pH of 5.0 compared with physiological pH 7.4 is observed. Time and dose-dependent in vitro cytotoxicity tests of blank and CPT-loaded nanoparticles are performed by realtime cell electronic sensing (RT-CES) assay with hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Huh7). The results indicate that CPNs can be effectively utilized as vehicles for pH-triggered release of anticancer drugs.
Open Access
Studies of polymer microring lasers subject to uniaxial stress
(2007) Tulek, A.; Vardeny, Z.V.
The emission spectra of microring lasers fabricated from π -conjugated polymer films casted on nylon microfibers with diameters in the range of 35-90 μm were studied upon application of uniaxial stress with strain up to ∼12%. The laser emission spectra substantially change with the applied stress, showing enhanced sensitivity to stress over changes induced in the fiber diameter alone. This is explained as due to the induced change in the polymer refractive index spectrum upon stress, causing an unexpected increase in the refractive index dispersion and, consequently, also in the effective refraction index for lasing at emission wavelengths. © 2007 American Institute of Physics.
Open Access
Supramolecular assemblies of cucurbiturils with photoactive, π-conjugated chromophores
(Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2018) Koç, Ahmet; Tuncel, Dönüş
Supramolecular assemblies of cucurbituril (CBn) homologues with π-conjugated chromophores will be overviewed. Special emphasis will be given to the effect of CBn on the optical properties of conjugated oligomers and polymers. How supramolecular complexes of π-conjugated chromophores including porphyrin derivatives, conjugated oligomers and polymers with CBn could be utilized in the theranostic and photonic applications will also be discussed.
Open Access
Supramolecular chemistry of cucurbit[n]uril homologues with a ditopic guest and light emitting conjugated polymers
(2011) Artar, Müge
The general objective of this thesis is to explore the ability of cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) (n= 6,7,8) homologues to form nano-structured supramolecular assemblies with various organic guests through self-sorting, self-assembly and recognition. In the first part of the thesis, the selectivity and recognition properties of CB[n] homologues towards a ditopic guest have been investigated. The guest was synthesized through Cu(I)-catalyzed click reaction between the salts of N,N'-bis-(2- azido-ethyl)-dodecane-1,12-diamine and propargylamine and contain two chemically and geometrically distinct recognition sites, namely, a flexible and hydrophobic dodecyl spacer and a five-membered triazole ring terminated with ammonium ions. Complex formation between the guest and CB[6], CB[7] and CB[8] in the ratios of 1:2, 1:1 and 1:1, respectively, was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. It was also revealed that CB[n] homologues have ability to self-sort and recognise the guests according to their chemical nature, size and shape. Kinetic formation of a hetero[4]pseudorotaxane via sequence-specific self-sorting was confirmed and controlled by the order of the addition. In the second part, the effect of CB[n] homologues on the dissolution and the photophysical properties of non-ionic conjugated polymers in water were investigated. A fluorene-based polymer, namely, poly[9,9-bis{6(N,N dimethylamino)hexyl}fluorene-co-2,5-thienylene (PFT) was synthesized via Suzuki coupling and characterization was performed by spectroscopic techniques including 1D and 2D NMR(Nuclear Magnetic Resonans), UV–vis, fluorescent spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS)(Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectroscopy ). The interaction of CB[6], CB[7] and CB[8] with PFT have been investigated and it was observed that only CB[8] among other CB homologues forms a water-soluble inclusion complex with PFT. Furthermore, upon complex formation a considerable enhancement in the fluorescent quantum yield of PFT in water was observed. The structure of resulting PFT@CB[8] complex was characterized through 1H-NMR and selective 1DNOESY(The Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement Spectroscopy) and further investigated by imaging techniques (e.g. AFM(Atomic Force Microscopy), SEM(Scanning Electron Microscopy), TEM(Transmission Electron Microscopy) and fluorescent optical microscopy) to reveal the morphology. The results suggested that through CB[8]-assisted self-assembly of PFT polymer chains vesicle-like nanostructures formed. The sizes of nanostructures were also determined using dynamic light scattering (DLS(Dynamic Light Scattering)) measurements.
Open Access
Synthesis and characterization of cross-linked water-dispersible conjugated polymer nanoparticles
(2012) Ekiz, Şeyma
In this study, a novel synthetic method was demonstrated for the water-dispersible crosslinked light-emitting conjugated polymer nanoparticles with enhanced stability. In order to synthesize the novel conjugated polymer nanoparticles, thiophene-based monomers were synthesized with different functional groups such as bromine, hydroxyl and azide groups. These monomers were characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. After the synthesis of the monomers, various polymers were synthesized via Suzuki coupling and oxidative polymerization. Their structural and optical properties were fully characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). Finally, crosslinked conjugated polymer nanoparticles were synthesized by a diaminoalkyne crosslinker and various useful functional groups were introduced to the nanoparticles such as triazoles and amine groups. Incorporation of the hydrophilic functional groups to the conjugated polymer nanoparticles resulted with patchy, janus-like nanoparticles. CB6 was used as a catalyst for the first time in nanoparticle synthesis for 1,3-azide alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition which formed a conjugated polymer-based nanosized rotaxanes. Crosslinking of the conjugated polymer nanoparticles was also achieved by the irradiation of the nanoparticles under UV light in order to get shape-persistent nanoparticles. Various functional groups of the conjugated polymer nanoparticles make them highly versatile for biological studies such as cell imaging and drug delivery in biological systems. Synthesized nanoparticles were fully characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FT-IR spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy.
Open Access
Synthesis and characterizations of water dispersible hybrid nanoparticles based on SPIONs and conjugated polymers for dual imaging applications
(2015-09) Gürbüz, Sinem
This study focuses on the synthesis and characterizations of conjugated polymer coated super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for their potential uses in vivo and in vitro imaging. Water dispersible, stable super-paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) hybridized conjugated polymer nanoparticles are synthesized with three different types of conjugated polymers emitting in the region of blue, green and red. SPION, which is a T2 contrast agent due to its magnetic susceptibility, is taken into consideration because of its unique uptake mechanism by the Kupffer cells in the liver, spleen or bone marrow.[1] The core iron oxide nanoparticles are coated to increase blood circulation time, reduce the agglomeration of them and improve pharmacokinetic effect.2 Conjugated polymers utilized in this work were modified with allyl pendant groups in order to obtain cross linkable moieties. Polymer chains were cross-linked via [2+2] cycloaddition of ethylene units under UV light to confer stability .Cross-linking would not only confer stability to these hybrid nanoparticles but it can also help preventing the early leakage of SPIONs from the polymer matrix in the biological media. For this purpose, three polymers used in this study, which were poly[(9,9-bis{3-dihexyl}flourenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(9,9-bis{3-diallyl}fluorenyl-2,7-diyl)] (PB), Poly[(9,9-bis ({3-diallyl}flourenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(benzothiodiazole)] (PG) and poly[3-{(allyloxy)ethyl} (thiophene 2,5-diyl)-co-(5,5’-{2,2’}-bithiophene)] (P2). Nanoparticles of these polymers with and without SPIONs were synthesized. Optical and morphological characterizations were investigated via DLS, SEM, TEM, UV-Vis and Fluorescence spectroscopy.
Open Access
Ultralow-threshold up-converted lasing in oligofluorenes with tailored strong nonlinear absorption
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015) Guzelturk, B.; Kanibolotsky, A.L.; Orofino-Pena, C.; Laurand, N.; Dawson, M.D.; Skabara P.J.; Demir, Hilmi Volkan
Nonlinear optical response in organic semiconductors has been an attractive property for many practical applications. For frequency up-converted lasers, to date, conjugated polymers, fluorescent dyes and small organic molecules have been proposed but their performances have been severely limited due to the difficulty in simultaneously achieving strong nonlinear optical response and high performance optical gain. In this work, we show that structurally designed truxene-based star-shaped oligofluorenes exhibit strong structure-property relationships enabling enhanced nonlinear optical response with favorable optical gain performance. As the number of fluorene repeat units in each arm is increased from 3 to 6, these molecules demonstrate a two-photon absorption cross-section as high as 2200 GM, which is comparable to that of linear conjugated polymers. Tailored truxene oligomers with six fluorene units in each arm (T6) show two-photon absorption pumped amplified spontaneous emission with a threshold as low as 2.43 mJ cm-2, which is better than that of the lowest reported threshold in organic semiconductors. Furthermore, we show a frequency up-converted laser using the newly designed and synthesized star-shaped oligomer T6 with a threshold as low as 3.1 mJ cm-2, which is more than an order of magnitude lower than that of any conjugated polymer. Thus, these oligomers with enhanced nonlinear optical properties are highly attractive for bio-integrated applications such as photodynamic therapy and in vivo bio-sensing. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015.
Open Access
Unidirectional laser emission from π-conjugated polymer microcavities with broken symmetry
(2007) Tulek, A.; Vardeny, Z.V.
We report unidirectional laser emission from π-conjugated polymer microcavities with broken symmetry geometries such as spiral and microdisk containing a "line defect," in comparison with plain microdisk cavity having isotropic emission. We found that the laser emission directionality contrast ratio is 8-10 and far field lateral divergence angle is 12°-15° for both broken symmetry geometries, with no significant increase in the laser threshold intensity. Fourier transform analysis of the laser emission spectra shows that unlike microdisks with line defect, the variation of light trajectories in the spiral microcavities leads to less defined laser modes. © 2007 American Institute of Physics.
Open Access
White-emitting conjugated polymer nanoparticles with cross-linked shell for mechanical stability and controllable photometric properties in color-conversion LED applications
(2011) Park, Eun-Ju; Erdem, T.; Ibrahimova, V.; Nizamoglu, S.; Demir, Hilmi Volkan; Tuncel, D.
We report on the synthesis and characterization of water-dispersible, mechanically stable conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) in shelled architecture with tunable emission and controllable photometric properties via cross-linking. Using a reprecipitation method, whiteemitting polymer nanoparticles are prepared in different sizes by varying the concentration of polymer; the emission kinetics are tuned by controlling the shell formation. For this purpose, polyfluorene derivatives containing azide groups are selected that can be decomposed under UV light to generate very reactive species, which opportunely facilitate the inter- and intra-cross-linking of polymer chains to form shells. Nanoparticles before and after UV treatment are characterized by various techniques. Their size and morphologies are determined by using dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements and imaging techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). For optical characterization, UV vis and steady-state and timeresolved fluorescent spectroscopies are performed. Solid-state behaviors of these CPNs are also investigated by forming films through drop-casting. Moreover, the photometric calculations are also performed for films and dispersions to determine the color quality. A device has been constructed to show proof-of-principle white light generation from these nanoparticles. Additionally, mechanical stability studies are performed and demonstrated that these nanoparticles are indeed mechanically stable by removing the solvent after cross-linking using a freeze-dryer and redispersing in water and THF. Optical and imaging data confirm that the redispersed particles preserve their shapes and sizes after cross-linking.
Open Access
White-emitting conjugated polymer nanoparticles: tuning emission via förster resonance energy transfer in nanostructures assembled through click reactions
(2014-06) Keita, Hamidou
In this work, we present the design, synthesis and characterization of water-dispersible conjugated polymer nanoparticles with tunable emission wavelengths for their potential applications in the areas of white organic light emitting diodes and cellular imaging. Blue, green and red emitting polymers carrying azide or alkyne groups are utilized and assembled together through 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (click reaction) to obtain stable, shape-persistent white-emitting nanoparticles. The emission properties can both be tuned by varying polymer concentration and nanostructure design as a result of intimate interactions between the polymers within the nanostructure, which facilitate a highly efficient Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). For this purpose, four different nanostructured architectures were designed and investigated. In the first method, NPs of donor and acceptor are prepared separately and then mixed physically at certain ratios. The second method involves the formation of homogenous solution of both donor and acceptor polymers in THF followed by formation of NPs from the resulting solution. And in the third and fourth methods, sequentially formed NPs were designed. In the former, donor NPs were core and coated with solution of the acceptor polymer as the outer shell, while the latter is quite the reverse where acceptor NPs form the core surrounded by the donor as the outer shell. Polymers used in this study are namely, poly[(9,9-bis{3-azidopropyl}fluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-cobenzene] (PFBN3) which is a blue emitter that serves as a donor, while poly[(9,9-bis(3- (prop-2 ynyloxy)propyl)fluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(1,4-benzo-{2,1,3}-thiadiazole)] (PFBT-Pgy) is a green emitting polymer whose absorbance strongly overlaps with the emission of the donor serves as the acceptor. Moreover, red emitting polymers such as poly[(2-azidoethyl)-2- (5-(thiophen-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)thiophene (PTN3 ) and Poly[(4-(2-(prop-2- ynyloxy)ethyl)thiophen-2-yl)-co-(1.4-benzo{1,2,5}thiadiazole)] (PBTTH-Pgy) were incorporated into multi-shell nanoparticle design to form white emitting tandem nanoparticles. The morphology and photophysical properties were investigated by DLS, SEM, TEM and UV-VIS, Steady-State Fluorescence, Time-resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy respectively.