Browsing by Subject "Civil war"

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Buket Uzuner; Kumral Ada Mavi Tuna
(1997) Şarman, Hande
Open Access
The cinque ports in the reigns of King John and King Henry III, with a focus on the two civil wars of the thirteenth century
(2019-08) Elmacıoğlu, Mustafa Özgür
Situated on the shores of the historic counties of Kent and Sussex on the South-East coast of England, the Cinque Ports were a group of port towns which provided ship service to the kings in exchange for certain privileges in the Middle Ages. Although the organization was originally made up of five port towns; Dover, Hastings, Hythe, Romney, and Sandwich, later additions were made, the most notable ones being the inclusion of Rye and Winchelsea in the late twelfth century. This thesis is a study of the Cinque Ports in the reigns of King John and King Henry III. The focal point of the study is the involvement of the Cinque Ports in the two civil wars of the thirteenth century, which took place in 1215-17 and 1264-7. The purpose of the thesis is to contextualize the actions of the Cinque Ports by comparing them in the two civil wars. In both of the civil wars, the Cinque Ports became a war zone, and their control was perceived as crucial by the main political actors. However, the difference in the political movements preceding the two civil wars, and the environmental changes in the Cinque Ports coastline led to the distinctness in their participation in the two civil wars.
Open Access
Do computer games enhance learning about conflicts? A cross-national inquiry into proximate and distant scenarios in Global Conflicts
(Pergamon Press, 2015) Kampf, R.; Cuhadar E.
Interactive conflict resolution and peace education have developed as two major lines of practice to tackle intractable inter-group conflicts. Recently, new media technologies such as social media, computer games, and online dialogue are added to the existing set of tools used for peace education. However, a debate is emerging as to how effective they are in motivating learning and teaching skills required for peace building. We take issue with this question and have conducted a study investigating the effect of different conflict contexts on student learning. We have designed a cross-national experimental study with Israeli-Jewish, Palestinian, and Guatemalan undergraduate students using the Israeli-Palestinian and Guatemalan scenarios in the computer game called "Global Conflicts." The learning effects of these scenarios were systematically analyzed using pre- and post-test questionnaires. The study indicated that Israeli-Jews and Palestinians acquired more knowledge from the Guatemalan game than Guatemalans acquired from the Israeli-Palestinian game. All participants acquired knowledge about proximate conflicts after playing games about these scenarios, and there were insignificant differences between the three national groups. Israeli-Jews and Palestinians playing the Israeli-Palestinian game changed their attitudes about this conflict, while Guatemalans playing the Guatemalan game did not change their attitudes about this case. All participants changed their attitudes about distant conflicts after playing games about these scenarios. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
Open Access
The English school theory of international relations and peacebuilding : an analysis of peacebuilding interventions in Liberia and Sierra Leone through the world society framework
(2015-12) Halistoprak, Burak Toygar
Although the world society (WS) framework appears to be an important cornerstone in the theoretical triad of the English School (ES), it is the least developed concept amongst others (Buzan 2004). This dissertation's objective is to contribute to the literature which aims to develop and revitalize the WS framework, which is one of the three pillars of the ES of International Relations (IR). It uses this theoretical approach in the analysis of peacebuilding intervention practices. The dissertation proposes three specific parameters which constitute the progress from the international to world society framework. In this regard, changes in the (1) normative context, (2) agency and (3) identity appear as themes which differentiate the WS framework as a distinct theoretical category. The dissertation develops the argument that the progress from the international to world society overlaps with the change in the nature of intervention which have been evolving from traditional peacekeeping to new peacebuilding. The empirical sections of the dissertation focus on the peacebuilding experiences in Liberia and Sierra Leone. These cases are analyzed with specific references to the parameters emphasized in the theoretical chapters. Both qualitative analysis and quantitative content analysis methods are employed in the empirical chapters. According to the results, I suggest that the peacebuilding interventions are better understood and explained through the lenses of the WS framework compared to the international society framework which remains rather state-centric in terms of its normative context and agents. The results also challenge several long established arguments in the peacebuilding literature which suggest that the normative center of the peacebuilding is built upon the understanding of human/individual security.
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Kumral Ada Mavi Tuna; Buket Uzuner'den bir edebiyat şöleni
(1997) Aytaç, Gürsel
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Kumral Ada-Mavi Tuna; Buket Uzuner'den bir iç savaş romanı
(1997) Öztürk, Serpil
Open Access
Oil and intra-state conflict in Iraq and Syria: sub-state actors and challenges for Turkey’s energy security
(Routledge, 2017) İpek, Pınar
The continuing dependency on fossil fuels of the Middle East not only in Turkey's energy mix but also in world energy demand requires further analysis of oil and conflict in the region since the fall of Mosul in Iraq to the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria in June 2014. This article addresses the relationship between oil and conflict. Then, it examines the case of Turkey's increasing energy relations with the Kurdistan Regional Government to elucidate the implications of inter-state and intra-state conflict on regional interdependence in the region. The argument asserts that risks of an abrupt regime change or revolutionary regime formation in the aftermath of civil war in Syria and ethnic or sectarian violence in Iraq, which are highly associated with intra-state conflicts, present challenges for Turkey's energy security and most importantly for human security in the region.
Open Access
Rebel rivalry and the strategic nature of rebel group ideology and demands
(SAGE Publications, 2021) Tokdemir, Efe; Sedashov, E.; Öğütçü-Fu, S. H.; Leon, C. E. M.; Berkowitz, J.; Akçınaroğlu, S.
How does the presence of multiple combatants affect rebel groups’ ideological and demand positioning? Although violent forms of inter-group conflict have been widely studied in the civil war literature, rebel groups’ strategic use of ideology and demands has received scarce scholarly attention. We argue that the pressure of competition forces rebel groups to differentiate themselves ideologically and demand-wise from their rivals to maximize their chances of survival and success. Rebel groups strive to set themselves apart by offering unique products to their supporters and recruits. Thus, we contend that rebel groups are more likely to modify their ideologies and demands from the government in the face of competition from rival groups. We test this theory using novel data collected from rebel group manifestos and public statements. Our findings suggest that groups are more likely to shift their ideology and modify their demands as the number of rival groups increases.
Open Access
The ‘Rojava revolution’ in Syrian Kurdistan: a model of development for the middle east?
(Institute of Development Studies, 2016) Cemgil, C.; Hoffmann, C.
As the civil war in Syria continues, in the territory of Rojava - in Kurdish, ‘the West’ - the northern Syrian Kurdish political movement is attempting to implement ‘libertarian municipalism’, based on the thoughts of United States (US) anarchist Murray Bookchin. Since the withdrawal of Syrian regime forces in 2012, the movement has consolidated significant territorial gains as a US ally in the anti-Islamic State (IS) struggle, while simultaneously securing Russian support. Viewed with suspicion by Turkey, Syria and Iraqi Kurdistan, the geopolitical conditions of Rojava’s emergence are its greatest impediment. This article analyses Rojava’s model of rule and socioeconomic development, and its theory and practice in the context of the civil war, and regional Middle Eastern and wider global geopolitics. It reflects on Rojava’s place and meaning for contemporary geopolitics in the Middle East, and considers the territory’s prospects, discussing its transformative potential for an otherwise troubled region. © 2016 The Authors and Institute of Development Studies.
Open Access
‘Wars of others’: national cleavages and attitudes toward external conflicts
(Taylor and Francis, 2020) Tokdemir, Efe; Akçınaroğlu, S.; Özen, H. E.; Karakoç, E.
Why do individuals sympathize with others’ wars, an antecedent of the decision to become a foreign fighter? By collecting original public opinion data from Lebanon, in 2015, and Turkey in 2017, about the actors of conflict in Syria, we test the argument that an ethno-religious cleavage at home shapes the proclivity of individuals to support others’ wars. Individuals may perceive a war abroad as endangering political and social balance of power at home – and hence own survival. Therefore, when transnational identities map onto a national cleavage, as in the Sunni–Shia cleavage in Lebanon, and Turk – Kurd cleavage in Turkey, individuals are more disposed to show sympathy for others’ wars both to help their kin and to protect the balance of power at home. Our findings imply that efforts to end the trend toward citizens becoming foreign fighters must start at home by mending the relations between ethnic and religious groups.