Browsing by Subject "Border security"
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Item Open Access Is better nuclear weapon detection capability justified?(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2011) Bakir, N. O.; Von Winterfeldt, D.In this paper, we present a decision tree model for evaluation of the next generation radiation portal technology (Advanced Spectroscopic Portals or ASPs) to scan containers entering the United States non-intrusively against nuclear or radiological weapons. Advanced Spectroscopic Portals are compared against the current designs of portal monitors (plastic scintillators or PVTs). We consider five alternative deployment strategies: 1) Exclusive deployment of ASPs replacing all the PVTs currently deployed at U.S. ports of entry, 2) Sequential deployment of ASPs with PVTs installing ASPs in all secondary and some primary inspections areas, 3) Sequential deployment of ASPs with PVTs installing ASPs in only secondary inspections areas, 4) Exclusive deployment of PVTs, 5) Stop deployment of new portal monitors and continue inspections with the current capacity. The baseline solution recommends a hybrid strategy that supports the deployment of new designs of portal monitors for secondary inspections and current designs of portal monitors for primary inspections. However, this solution is found to be very sensitive to the probability of attack attempt, the type of weapon shipped through ports of entry, the probability of successful detonation, detection probabilities and the extra deterrence that each alternative may provide. We also illustrate that the list of most significant parameters depends heavily on the dollar equivalent of overall consequences and the probability of attack attempt. For low probability and low consequence scenarios, false alarm related parameters are found to have more significance. Our extensive exploratory analysis shows that for most parametric combinations, continued deployment of portal monitors is recommended. Exclusive deployment of ASPs is optimal under high risk scenarios. However, we also show that if ASPs fail to improve detection capability, then extra benefits they offer in reducing false alarms may not justify their mass deployment. © 2011 Berkeley Electronic Press. All rights reserved.Item Open Access On guarding real terrains: the terrain guarding and the blocking path problems(Elsevier, 2020) Eliş, Haluk; Tansel, Barbaros; Oğuz, Osman; Güney, M.; Kian, R.Locating a minimum number of guards on a terrain such that every point on the terrain is guarded by at least one of the guards is known as the Terrain Guarding Problem (TGP). In this paper, a realistic example of the terrain guarding problem is studied, involving the surveillance of a rugged geographical terrain by means of thermal cameras. A number of issues related to TGP are addressed with integer-programming models proposed to solve the problem. Also, a sensitivity analysis is carried out in which five fictitious terrains are created to see the effect of the resolution of the terrain, and of terrain characteristics, on coverage optimization and the required number of guards. Finally, a new problem, which is called the Blocking Path Problem (BPP), is introduced. BPP is about guarding a path on the terrain with a minimum number of guards such that the path blocks all possible infiltration routes. A discussion is provided about the relation of BPP to the Network Interdiction Problem (NIP), which has been studied extensively by the operations research community, and to the k-Barrier Coverage Problem, which has been studied under the Sensor Deployment Problem. BPP is solved via an integer-programming formulation based on a network paradigm.Item Open Access A Stackelberg game model for resource allocation in cargo container security(Springer, 2011) Bakır, N. O.This paper presents a game theoretic model that analyzes resource allocation strategies against an adaptive adversary to secure cargo container transportation. The defender allocates security resources that could interdict an unauthorized weapon insertion inside a container. The attacker observes the defender's security strategy and chooses a site to insert the weapon. The attacker's goal is to maximize the probability that the weapon reaches its target. The basic model includes a single container route. The results in the basic model suggest that in equilibrium the defender should maintain an equal level of physical security at each site on the cargo container's route. Furthermore, the equilibrium levels of resources to interdict the weapon overseas increase as a function of the attacker's capability to detonate the weapon remotely at a domestic seaport. Investment in domestic seaport security is highly sensitive to the attacker's remote detonation capability as well. The general model that includes multiple container routes suggests that there is a trade-off between the security of foreign seaports and the physical security of sites including container transfer facilities, container yards, warehouses and truck rest areas. The defender has the flexibility to shift resources between non-intrusive inspections at foreign seaports and physical security of other sites on the container route. The equilibrium is also sensitive to the cost effectiveness of security investments.Item Open Access Uluslararası siyaset sosyolojisi ve güvenlik: Küresel terörizm, sınır güvenliği ve vatandaşlık örnekleri(AÜ Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi, 2019) Baysal, Başar; Karakaş, U.; Sula, Ç.Uluslararası İlişkiler literatüründeki geleneksel yaklaşımlara yöneltilen en önemli eleştirilerden bir tanesi, bu yaklaşımların dünya siyasetinin sosyal doğasını ihmal ettiği üzerinedir. Uluslararası ilişkileri sosyolojik perspektiften incelemek üzere daha önceden önemli girişimlerde bulunulduysa da Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplinine sosyoloji ve sosyal kuramı entegre etmenin kazançları üzerinde sistematik bir şekilde duran ilk yaklaşım Uluslararası Siyaset Sosyolojisi olmuştur. Bu çalışma, Uluslararası Siyaset Sosyolojisi yaklaşımının disipline katkılarını ve bu yaklaşımın güvenlik literatürü ile olan ilişkisini ortaya koymayı hedeflemektedir. Bu amaçla, öncelikle literatürün kapsamlı ve eleştirel bir taramasını yapıp, dayandığı temelleri, yöntemsel ve kuramsal iddialarını ve güvenlik ile olan ilişkisini ortaya koymaktadır. İkinci olarak, Uluslararası Siyaset Sosyolojisi’nin küresel terörizm, sınır güvenliği ve vatandaşlık konularına yaptığı ampirik katkıları incelemektedir. Sonuç bölümünde ise, Uluslararası Siyaset Sosyolojisi’nin sınırlarının olup olmadığı ve akademik dünyada nasıl bir yankı uyandırdığı ortaya koyulmaktadır.