Browsing by Author "Zhang, S."
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Item Open Access Design and finite element simulation of a novel 3D-CMUT device for simultaneous sensing of in-plane and out-of-plane displacements of ultrasonic guided waves(MDPI AG, 2023-10-25) Zhang, S.; Lu, W.; Wang, A.; Hao, G.; Wang, R.; Yilmaz, MehmetIn this study, we introduce a physical model of a three-dimensional (3D) guided wave sensor called 3D-CMUT, which is based on capacitive micro-machined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs). This 3D-CMUT sensor is designed to effectively and simultaneously obtain 3D vibration information about ultrasonic guided waves in the out-of-plane (z-direction) and in-plane (x and y-directions). The basic unit of the 3D-CMUT is much smaller than the wavelength of the guided waves and consists of two orthogonal comb-like CMUT cells and one piston-type CMUT cell. These cells are used to sense displacement signals in the x, y, and z-directions. To ensure proper functioning of the 3D-CMUT unit, the resonant frequencies of the three composed cells are set to be identical by adjusting the microstructural parameters appropriately. Moreover, the same sensitivity in the x, y, and z-directions is theoretically achieved by tuning the amplification parameters in the external circuit. We establish a transient analysis model of the 3D-CMUT using COMSOL finite element simulation software to confirm its ability to sense multimode ultrasonic guided waves, including A0, S0, and SH0 modes. Additionally, we simulate the ball drop impact acoustic emission signal on a plate to demonstrate that the 3D-CMUT can not only utilize in-plane information for positioning but also out-of-plane information. The proposed 3D-CMUT holds significant potential for applications in the field of structural health monitoring (SHM).Item Open Access Distributed multi-agent online learning based on global feedback(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2015-05-01) Tekin, C.; Zhang, S.; Schaar, Mihaela van derAbstract—In this paper, we develop online learning algorithms that enable the agents to cooperatively learn how to maximize the overall reward in scenarios where only noisy global feedback is available without exchanging any information among themselves. We prove that our algorithms' learning regrets—the losses incurred by the algorithms due to uncertainty—are logarithmically increasing in time and thus the time average reward converges to the optimal average reward. Moreover, we also illustrate how the regret depends on the size of the action space, and we show that this relationship is influenced by the informativeness of the reward structure with regard to each agent's individual action. When the overall reward is fully informative, regret is shown to be linear in the total number of actions of all the agents. When the reward function is not informative, regret is linear in the number of joint actions. Our analytic and numerical results show that the proposed learning algorithms significantly outperform existing online learning solutions in terms of regret and learning speed. We illustrate how our theoretical framework can be used in practice by applying it to online Big Data mining using distributed classifiers.Item Open Access Electrospun UV-responsive supramolecular nanofibers from a cyclodextrin-azobenzene inclusion complex(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013) Chen, M.; Nielsen, S. R.; Uyar, Tamer; Zhang, S.; Zafar, A.; Dong, M.; Besenbacher, F.A combination of the unique hosting properties of cyclodextrins (CDs) and the peculiar UV-responsive trans-cis isomerization of the guest molecule azobenzene has endowed light-responsibility of the inclusion complex (IC). The IC of 4-aminoazobenzene (AAB) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), with its inherent viscosity from hydrogen bondings between CDs and π-π stacking between AABs, was electrospun into nanofibers from water without using any carrier polymer matrix. The integrity of electrospun ICs was proven by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), together with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The homogeneous distribution of HPβCD-AAB-IC was confirmed by surface chemistry mapping using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The UV response of ICs prior to, during and post electrospinning was investigated. UV irradiation prior to electrospinning caused precipitation of AAB from the aqueous IC solution. UV irradiation during electrospinning flight demonstrated the interruption of ICs and consequently broader diameter distributions were obtained. Post-spinning UV irradiation induced topography and adhesion force changes on the electrospun nanofiber surfaces, demonstrated by in situ atomic force microspectroscopy (AFM) quantitative nanomechanical mapping. The present study is the first case where the supramolecule with stimuli response was electrospun into nanofibers with retained activity. © 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry.Item Open Access FEM-based analysis on sensing out-of-plane displacements of low-order Lamb wave modes by CMUTs(AIP Publishing LLC, 2022-11-23) Lu, W.; Zhang, S.; Wang, R.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, G.; Zhang, W.; Xu, B.; Yılmaz, MehmetIt is well known that acoustic emission (AE) signals, generated by external impacts or damages such as crack initiation, mainly propagate in the form of Lamb waves in plate-like structures. In this work, MEMS-based resonant capacitive micro-machined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs), which are designed for sensing out-of-plane displacements, have been verified by finite element method (FEM) modeling and theoretical analysis for their feasibility of detecting low-order Lamb waves (A0 and S0). First, combining the propagation theory of Lamb waves and the “spring-mass-damper” model of CMUTs, the out-of-plane sensing mechanism has been explained, together with the analytical expression of sensitivity. Then, simulations based on FEM have been carried out to show that the designed CMUTs are sensitive to out-of-plane displacements, while extremely insensitive to in-plane displacements. Meanwhile, a transient analysis has found the potential abilities of CMUTs for sensing A0 and S0 lamb waves. Besides, the sensing characteristics of CMUTs have also been investigated, including the influence of squeezed-film damping, the amplitude of the input signal, the cell number, and cell space. Finally, the ball drop impact is simulated to show the potential of identifying the location of the AE source by CMUTs. Our studies reveal the out-of-plane sensing behaviors of CMUTs for Lamb waves and may have the potential in promoting the miniaturization and integration of AE sensors.Item Open Access A global effort to define the human genetics of protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection(Elsevier, 2020) Casanova, J.-L.; Su, H. C.; Abel, L.; Aiuti, A.; Almuhsen, S.; Arias, A. A.; Bastard, P.; Biggs, C.; Bogunovic, D.; Boisson, B.; Boisson-Dupuis, S.; Bolze, A.; Bondarenko, A.; Bousfiha, A.; Brodin, P.; Bustamante, J.; Butte, M.; Casari, G.; Ciancanelli, M.; Cobat, A.; Condino-Neto, A.; Cooper, M.; Dalgard, C.; Espinosa, S.; Feldman, H.; Fellay, J.; Franco, J. L.; Hagin, D.; Itan, Y.; Jouanguy, E.; Lucas, C.; Mansouri, D.; Meyts, I.; Milner, J.; Mogensen, T.; Morio, T.; Ng, L.; Notarangelo, L. D.; Okada, S.; Özçelik, Tayfun; Palacín, P. S.; Planas, A.; Prando, C.; Puel, A.; Pujol, A.; Redin, C.; Renia, L.; Gallego, J. C. R.; Quintana-Murci, L.; Sancho-Shimizu, V.; Sankaran, V.; Seppänen, M. R. J.; Shahrooei, M.; Snow, A.; Spaan, A.; Tangye, S.; Tur, J. P.; Turvey, S.; Vinh, D. C.; von Bernuth, H.; Wang, X.; Zawadzki, P.; Zhang, Q.; Zhang, S.SARS-CoV-2 infection displays immense inter-individual clinical variability, ranging from silent infection to lethal disease. The role of human genetics in determining clinical response to the virus remains unclear. Studies of outliers—individuals remaining uninfected despite viral exposure and healthy young patients with life-threatening disease—present a unique opportunity to reveal human genetic determinants of infection and disease.Item Open Access In-plane-sensing analysis of comb-like capacitive micro-machined ultrasonic transducers (cmuts) using analytical small-signal model and fem(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2023-04-18) Zhang, S.; Lu, W.; Yang, Y.; Wang, R.; Zhang, G.; Xu, B.; Yılmaz, Metin; Zhang, W.In this work, capacitive micro-machined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) were developed into comb-like shapes to make these comb-like shaped structures work for sensing in-plane vibrations of ultrasonic guided waves. On this basis, an analytical small-signal model, which is mainly a combination of the forced vibration theory and the simplified parallel-plate capacitor model, was proposed to satisfy the requirements of theoretical design. Through the proposed model, the in-plane-sensing behaviors of a comb-like CMUT cell can be predicted, including vibrating velocity, output current, and sensitivity. Compared with the results calculated from the finite element method (FEM) simulation, it was found that the static state and the frequency-domain results of the analytical small-signal model agree well with those of FEM simulations if the used first natural frequencies of these two methods are identical. Considering the fringing field capacitance could further improve the accuracy of the analytical small-signal model. At last, influences of some external parameters, i.e., dc bias voltage, air damping, and input in-plane displacement, on the sensitivity of a comb-like CMUT cell were discussed by the analytical small-signal model and FEM simulation. Relevant results reveal the way to design a comb-like CMUT and indicate the conditions when the analytical small-signal model is accurate. Our work develops the theory on the in-plane-sensing comb-like CMUT and is expected to be combined with the theory on the previous out-of-plane-sensing CMUT to realize 3-D-CMUT for sensing 3-D guided waves.Item Open Access Inborn errors of OAS–RNase L in SARS-CoV-2–related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children(American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2022-12-20) Lee, D.; Pen, J. L.; Yatim, A.; Dong, B.; Aquino, Y.; Ogishi, M.; Pescarmona, R.; Talouarn, E.; Rinchai, D.; Zhang, P.; Perret, M.; Liu, Z.; Jordan, L.; Bozdemir, S. E.; Bayhan, G. I.; Beaufils, C.; Bizien, L.; Bisiaux, A.; Lei, W.; Hasan, M.; Chen, J.; Gaughan, C.; Asthana, A.; Libri, V.; Luna, Joseph M.; Jaffré, Fabrice; Hoffmann, H.; Michailidis, E.; Moreews, M.; Seeleuthner, Y.; Bilguvar, K.; Mane, S.; Flores, C.; Zhang, Y.; Arias, A. A.; Bailey, R.; Schlüter, A.; Milisavljevic, B.; Bigio, B.; Voyer, T. L.; Materna, M.; Gervais, A.; Moncada-Velez, M.; Pala, F.; Lazarov, T.; Levy, R.; Neehus, A.; Rosain, J.; Peel, J.; Chan, Y.; Morin, M.; Pino-Ramirez, R. M.; Belkaya, Serkan; Lorenzo, L.; Anton, J.; Delafontaine, S.; Toubiana, J.; Bajolle, F.; Fumadó, V.; DeDiego, M. L.; Fidouh, N.; Rozenberg, F.; Pérez-Tur, J.; Chen, S.; Evans, T.; Geissmann, F.; Lebon, P.; Weiss, S. R.; Bonnet, D.; Duval, X.; Cohort§, C.; Effort, C.; Pan-Hammarström, Q.; Planas, A. M.; Meyts, I.; Haerynck, F.; Pujol, A.; Sancho-Shimizu, V.; Dalgard, C.; Bustamante, J.; Puel, A.; Boisson-Dupuis, S.; Boisson, B.; Maniatis, T.; Zhang, Q.; Bastard, P.; Notarangelo, L.; Béziat, V.; Diego, R.; Rodriguez-Gallego, C.; Su, H. C.; Lifton, R. P.; Jouanguy, E.; Cobat, A.; Alsina, L.; Keles, S.; Haddad, E.; Abel, L.; Belot, A.; Quintana-Murci, L.; Rice, C. M.; Silverman, R. H.; Zhang, S.; Casanova, J.Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare and severe condition that follows benign COVID-19. We report autosomal recessive deficiencies of OAS1, OAS2, or RNASEL in five unrelated children with MIS-C. The cytosolic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-sensing OAS1 and OAS2 generate 2'-5'-linked oligoadenylates (2-5A) that activate the single-stranded RNA-degrading ribonuclease L (RNase L). Monocytic cell lines and primary myeloid cells with OAS1, OAS2, or RNase L deficiencies produce excessive amounts of inflammatory cytokines upon dsRNA or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) stimulation. Exogenous 2-5A suppresses cytokine production in OAS1-deficient but not RNase L-deficient cells. Cytokine production in RNase L-deficient cells is impaired by MDA5 or RIG-I deficiency and abolished by mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) deficiency. Recessive OAS-RNase L deficiencies in these patients unleash the production of SARS-CoV-2-triggered, MAVS-mediated inflammatory cytokines by mononuclear phagocytes, thereby underlying MIS-C.Item Open Access Multiagent systems: learning, strategic behavior, cooperation, and network formation(Elsevier, 2018) Tekin, Cem; Zhang, S.; Xu, J.; Schaar, M. van der; Djurić, P. M.; Richard., C.Many applications ranging from crowdsourcing to recommender systems involve informationally decentralized agents repeatedly interacting with each other in order to reach their goals. These networked agents base their decisions on incomplete information, which they gather through interactions with their neighbors or through cooperation, which is often costly. This chapter presents a discussion on decentralized learning algorithms that enable the agents to achieve their goals through repeated interaction. First, we discuss cooperative online learning algorithms that help the agents to discover beneficial connections with each other and exploit these connections to maximize the reward. For this case, we explain the relation between the learning speed, network topology, and cooperation cost. Then, we focus on how informationally decentralized agents form cooperation networks through learning. We explain how learning features prominently in many real-world interactions, and greatly affects the evolution of social networks. Links that otherwise would not have formed may now appear, and a much greater variety of network configurations can be reached. We show that the impact of learning on efficiency and social welfare could be both positive or negative. We also demonstrate the use of the aforementioned methods in popularity prediction, recommender systems, expert selection, and multimedia content aggregation.Item Open Access The risk of COVID-19 death is much greater and age dependent with type I IFN autoantibodies(National Academy of Sciences, 2022-05-16) Manry, J.; Bastard, P.; Gervais, A.; Le Voyer, T.; Rosain, J.; Philippot, Q.; Michailidis, E.; Hoffmann, H.; Eto, S.; Garcia-Prat, M.; Bizien, L.; Parra-Martínez, A.; Yang, R.; Haljasmägi, L.; Migaud, M.; Särekannu, K.; Maslovskaja, J.; de Prost, N.; Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Y.; Luyt, C.; Amador-Borrero, B.; Gaudet, A.; Poissy, J.; Morel, P.; Richard, P.; Cognasse, F.; Troya, J.; Trouillet-Assant, S.; Belot, A.; Saker, K.; Garçpn, P.; Rivière, J. G.; Lagier, J.; Gentile, S.; Rosen, L. B.; Shaw, E.; Morio, T.; Tanaka, J.; Dalmau, D.; Tharaux, P.; Sene, D.; Stepanian, A.; Mégarbane, B.; Triantafyllia, V.; Fekkar, A.; Heath, J. R.; Franco, J. L.; Anaya, J.; Solé-Violán, J.; Imberti, L.; Biondi, A.; Bonfanti, P.; Castagnoli, R.; Delmonte, O. M.; Zhang, Y.; Snow, A. L.; Holland, S. M.; Biggs, C. M.; Moncada-Vélez, M.; Arias, A. A.; Lorenzo, L.; Boucherit, S.; Anglicheau, D.; Planas, A. M.; Haerynck, F.; Duvlis, S.; Ozcelik, Tayfun; Keles, S.; Bousfiha, A. A.; El Bakkouri, J.; Ramirez-Santana, C.; Paul, S.; Pan-Hammarström, Q.; Hammarström, L.; Dupont, A.; Kurolap, A.; Metz, C. N.; Aiuti, A.; Casari, G.; Lampasona, V.; Ciceri, F.; Barreiros, L. A.; Dominguez-Garrido, E.; Vidigal, M.; Zatz, M.; van de Beek, D.; Sahanic, S.; Tancevski, I.; Stepanovskyy, Y.; Boyarchuk, O.; Nukui, Y.; Tsumura, M.; Vidaur, L.; Tangye, S. G.; Burrel, S.; Duffy, D.; Quintana-Murci, L.; Klocperk, A.; Kann, N. Y.; Shcherbina, A.; Lau, Y.; Leung, D.; Coulongeat, M.; Marlet, J.; Koning, R.; Reyes, L. F.; Chauvineau-Grenier, A.; Venet, F.; Monneret, G.; Nussenzweig, M. C.; Arrestier, R.; Boudhabhay, I.; Baris-Feldman, H.; Hagin, D.; Wauters, J.; Meyts, I.; Dyer, A. H.; Kennelly, S. P.; Bourke, N. M.; Halwani, R.; Sharif-Askari, F. S.; Dorgham, K.; Sallette, J.; Sedkaoui, S. M.; AlKhater, S.; Rigo-Bonnin, R.; Morandeira, F.; Roussel, L.; Vinh, D. C.; Erikstrup, C.; Condino-Neto, A.; Prando, C.; Bondarenko, A.; Spaan, A. N.; Gilardin, L.; Fellay, J.; Lyonnet, S.; Bilguvar, K.; Lifton, R. P.; Mane, S.; Anderson, M. S.; Boisson, B.; Béziat, V.; Zhang, S.; Andreakos, E.; Hermine, O.; Pujol, A.; Peterson, P.; Mogensen, T. H.; Rowen, L.; Mond, J.; Debette, S.; de Lamballerie, X.; Burdet, C.; Bouadma, L.; Zins, M.; Soler-Palacin, P.; Colobran, R.; Gorochov, G.; Solanich, X.; Susen, S.; Martinez-Picado, J.; Raoult, D.; Vasse, M.; Gregersen, P. K.; Piemonti, L.; Rodríguez-Gallego, C.; Notarangelo, L. D.; Su, H. C.; Kisand, K.; Okada, S.; Puel, A.; Jouanguy, E.; Rice, C. M.; Tiberghien, P.; Zhang, Q.; Casanova, J.; Abel, L.; Cobat, A.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection fatality rate (IFR) doubles with every 5 y of age from childhood onward. Circulating autoantibodies neutralizing IFN-α, IFN-ω, and/or IFN-β are found in ∼20% of deceased patients across age groups, and in ∼1% of individuals aged [removed]4% of those >70 y old in the general population. With a sample of 1,261 unvaccinated deceased patients and 34,159 individuals of the general population sampled before the pandemic, we estimated both IFR and relative risk of death (RRD) across age groups for individuals carrying autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs, relative to noncarriers. The RRD associated with any combination of autoantibodies was higher in subjects under 70 y old. For autoantibodies neutralizing IFN-α2 or IFN-ω, the RRDs were 17.0 (95% CI: 11.7 to 24.7) and 5.8 (4.5 to 7.4) for individuals <70 y and ≥70 y old, respectively, whereas, for autoantibodies neutralizing both molecules, the RRDs were 188.3 (44.8 to 774.4) and 7.2 (5.0 to 10.3), respectively. In contrast, IFRs increased with age, ranging from 0.17% (0.12 to 0.31) for individuals <40 y old to 26.7% (20.3 to 35.2) for those ≥80 y old for autoantibodies neutralizing IFN-α2 or IFN-ω, and from 0.84% (0.31 to 8.28) to 40.5% (27.82 to 61.20) for autoantibodies neutralizing both. Autoantibodies against type I IFNs increase IFRs, and are associated with high RRDs, especially when neutralizing both IFN-α2 and IFN-ω. Remarkably, IFRs increase with age, whereas RRDs decrease with age. Autoimmunity to type I IFNs is a strong and common predictor of COVID-19 death.Item Open Access Theoretical and simulation studies on designing a phase-reversal-based broadband CMUT with flat passband and improved noise rejections for SHM(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2022-11-15) Lu, W.; Zhang, S.; Wang, R.; Xu, B.; Yılmaz, Mehmet; Zhang, W.In the past two decades, capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) have been greatly explored for applications in structural health monitoring (SHM); however, relevant theories about their broadband sense have not been investigated systematically. Therefore, broadband CMUTs have been specifically developed from the aspects of theory and simulation in this work. Based on these theoretical developments, we propose a new design of phase-reversal-based CMUT, which has a flat passband for broadband sensing and two stopbands at both sides for improved noise rejections. First, the expressions for the evaluation of the total output current and the sensitivity of a CMUT constituted of multiple cells are deduced from the theoretical spring–mass–damping model. Then, theoretical and simulation analysis on a CMUT combined with two different cells have revealed that reversing the current phase of one of these two cells can produce significant stopbands for rejecting the low- and high-frequency noises, which are useful not only for a CMUT in coarse vacuum (low pressure) but also a CMUT in the air (atmospheric pressure). Especially, for a CMUT in a coarse vacuum, this design can effectively build a passband among the resonant frequencies of each cell instead of compensating each other to zero. Finally, the genetic algorithm is adopted to design a broadband CMUT with a given passband in air, the results of which are verified by the frequency- and time-domain simulations concurrently. Our research work may produce a theoretical way for the design of broadband CMUTs with noise rejections.Item Open Access Vaccine breakthrough hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs(American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2022-06-14) Bastard, P.; Vazquez, S. E.; Liu, J.; Laurie, M. T.; Wang, C. Y.; Gervais, A.; Voyer, T. L.; Bizien, L.; Zamecnik, C.; Philippot, Q.; Rosain, J.; Catherinot, E.; Willmore, A.; Mitchell, A. M.; Bair, R.; Garçon, P.; Kenney, H.; Fekkar, A.; Salagianni, M.; Poulakou, G.; Siouti, E.; Sahanic, S.; Tancevski, I.; Weiss, G.; Nagl, L; Manry, J.; Duvlis, S.; Arroyo-Sánchez, D.; Artal, E. P.; Rubio, L.; Perani, C.; Bezzi, M.; Sottini, A.; Quaresima, V.; Roussel, L.; Vinh, D. C.; Reyes, L. F.; Garzaro, M.; Hatipoglu, N.; Boutboul, D.; Tandjaoui-Lambiotte, Y.; Borghesi, A.; Aliberti, A.; Cassaniti, I.; Venet, F.; Monneret, G.; Halwani, R.; Sharif-Askari, N. S.; Danielson, J.; Burrel, S.; Morbieu, C.; Stepanovskyy, Y.; Bondarenko, A.; Volokha, A.; Boyarchuk, O.; Gagro, A.; Neuville, M.; Neven, B.; Keles, S.; Hernu, R.; Bal, A.; Novelli, A.; Novelli, G.; Saker, K.; Ailioaie, O.; Antolí, A.; Jeziorski, E.; Rocamora-Blanch, G.; Teixeira, C.; Delaunay, C.; Lhuillier, M.; Turnier, P. L.; Zhang, Y.; Mahevas, M.; Pan-Hammarström, Q.; Abolhassani, H.; Bompoil, T.; Dorgham, K.; Consortium, C.; Group, F.; Consortium, C.; Gorochov, G.; Laouenan, C.; Rodríguez-Gallego, C.; Ng, L. F. P.; Renia, L.; Pujol, A.; Belot, A.; Raffi, F.; Allende, L. M.; Martinez-Picado, J.; Özçelik, Tayfun; Imberti, L.; Notarangelo, L. D.; Troya, J.; Solanich, X.; Zhang, S.; Puel, A.; Wilson, M. R.; Trouillet-Assant, S.; Abel, L.; Jouanguy, E.; Ye, C. J.; Cobat, A.; Thompson, L. M.; Andreakos, E.; Zhang, Q.; Anderson, M. S.; Casanova, J.; DeRisi, J. L.Life-threatening “breakthrough” cases of critical COVID-19 are attributed to poor or waning antibody (Ab) response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in individuals already at risk. Preexisting auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs underlie at least 15% of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases in unvaccinated individuals; their contribution to hypoxemic breakthrough cases in vaccinated people is unknown. We studied a cohort of 48 individuals (aged 20 to 86 years) who received two doses of a messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine and developed a breakthrough infection with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia 2 weeks to 4 months later. Ab levels to the vaccine, neutralization of the virus, and auto-Abs to type I IFNs were measured in the plasma. Forty-two individuals had no known deficiency of B cell immunity and a normal Ab response to the vaccine. Among them, 10 (24%) had auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs (aged 43 to 86 years). Eight of these 10 patients had auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-α2 and IFN-ω, whereas two neutralized IFN-ω only. No patient neutralized IFN-β. Seven neutralized type I IFNs at 10 ng/ml and three at 100 pg/ml only. Seven patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 D614G and Delta efficiently, whereas one patient neutralized Delta slightly less efficiently. Two of the three patients neutralizing only type I IFNs at 100 pg/ml neutralized both D614G and Delta less efficiently. Despite two mRNA vaccine inoculations and the presence of circulating Abs capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs may underlie a notable proportion of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia cases, highlighting the importance of this particularly vulnerable population.