Energy Policy Research Center (EPAM)
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Browsing Energy Policy Research Center (EPAM) by Author "Yeldan, Alp Erinç"
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Item Open Access Energy and environmental policy against climate change in Turkey(Academic Press, 2018) Acar, S.; Voyvoda, E.; Yeldan, Alp ErinçBased on the structure of the economy in general but especially focusing on the duality patterns laid out in Chapter 2, this chapter first examines the recent energy and environment statistics in Turkey, and second, evaluates the existing (energy and environmental) policy framework and future potential of these policies in terms of their implications for climate change. We argue that the lack of mitigation at the aggregate national level finds its manifestation in the widening gap across regional GHG emissions as a consequence of the dual economic structure and the lack of differential policies across the regions.Item Open Access Environmental impacts of coal subsidies in Turkey: a general equilibrium analysis(Elsevier, 2016) Acar, S.; Yeldan, Alp ErinçIn this study we aim at providing an analytical framework for Turkey to study the macroeconomics and environmental impacts of the existing coal subsidization scheme. To this end we develop a regionally differentiated applied general equilibrium model spanning over 2015-2030. Our analytical apparatus focuses exclusively on the fiscal implications as well as the environmental repercussions of the removal of the subsidies on greenhouse gas emissions. With the aid of a set of alternative policy scenarios against a "business as usual" path, we study the regional and sectorial performances of growth, employment, investment and capital accumulation, consumption/welfare and trade balance. Our results indicate that by simple elimination of the coal subsidization scheme, Turkey can reduce its aggregate gaseous emissions by as much as 5% without a significant loss in its GDP.Item Open Access How to go green: a general equilibrium investigation of environmental policies for sustained growth with an application to Turkey’s economy(Springer, 2015) Bouzaher, A.; Şahin, S.; Yeldan, Alp ErinçGreen growth is a relatively new concept aimed at focusing attention on achieving sustainable development through the efficient use of environmental assets without slowing economic growth. This paper presents a real-world application of the concept, and identifies viable policy options for achieving a complementary environmental regulatory framework that minimizes output and employment losses. The analysis utilizes macro level data from the Turkish economy, and develops an applied general equilibrium model to assess the impact of a selected number of green policy instruments and public policy intervention mechanisms, including market-based incentives designed to accelerate technology adoption and achieve higher employment and sustainable growth patterns. Overall, our results indicate that an integrated employment and urban greening policy strategy that combines a green jobs programme with a set of earmarked tax-cum-innovation policies towards R&D-driven growth, mainly targeted to strategic industrial sectors and agriculture, developing market economies can achieve significant reductions in gaseous emissions and urban waste while maintaining significant gains in productivity and employment.Item Open Access Introduction(Academic Press, 2018) Acar, S.; Voyvoda, E.; Yeldan, Alp ErinçThis chapter serves as an introduction to the main research questions, background, and objectives of the study. It describes the context (i.e., conceptualization of duality) and the modeling tools for decarbonized sustainable growth pathways as a way of pursuing a regionally-equitable development strategy.Item Open Access Low carbon development pathways and priorities for Turkey(Sabancı University İstanbul Policy Center, 2015) Voyvoda, E.; Yeldan, Alp ErinçScientists and decision makers agree that climate change is the biggest problem ever faced by humankind. Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), including 195 contracting states and the European Union, will meet in Paris in December 2015 and negotiate the new climate agreement that is expected to replace the Kyoto Protocol after 2020. Prior to the 21st Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP21) in Paris, the United Nations called on each state to specify its future contributions to the efforts to keep the global average temperature rise below 2°C and to safeguard ecosystems and communities from the devastating impacts of climate change. Countries are expected to determine their contributions on the basis of their historical responsibilities in the GHG emissions growth and their current capacities. This analysis brings up three critical questions that Turkey should seek answers to, as it attempts to determine its national contribution to climate change mitigation: -What could Turkey’s responsibility and its emission reduction target be within the scope of the 2°C target? -What kind of a policy package could be implemented in order to achieve the required emission reduction? - What could be the impact of these policies on macroeconomic indicators? What are the costs of implementing and not implementing these policies? In order to avoid the devastating impacts of climate change, global carbon emissions should not exceed 2,900 GtCO2. This is referred to as the carbon budget. 65% of this budget (that is, 1,900 GtCO2) had been used up as of 2011. Should the current upward trend in emissions continue, the remaining 1,000 GtCO2 will have been emitted before 2050. To stay within the 2°C target, global carbon neutrality will need to be achieved sometime between 2055 and 2070, and total global greenhouse gas emissions need to shrink to net zero some time between 2080 and 2100. This study identified Turkey’s share in the remaining carbon budget based on “minimum historical responsibility” and “maximum development needs”. In this respect, in order to fulfil its responsibility within the scope of the 2°C target, Turkey should reduce its cumulative carbon emissions by 2,980 MtCO2 until 2030 relative to the reference scenario.Item Open Access Modeling for green growth: environmental policy in a dualistic peripheral economy(Academic Press, 2018) Acar, S.; Voyvoda, E.; Yeldan, Alp ErinçThe chapter introduces the main components of the applied general equilibrium model to represent the dual structure of Turkey. It discusses the distinguishing features and its contribution to the modeling literature with its unique emphasis on duality, regionalization and social relevance. It further conceptualizes a Social Accounting Matrix for the Regionally Fragmented Dual Economy to accommodate Turkish macro-level data. Given the theoretical structure of the CGE model, the main data sources of the modeling paradigm are introduced and tabulated within the discipline of Walrasian general equilibrium. The unique contribution of the chapter is its accommodation of regional differentiation and of dualistic labor markets and preparation for the database in social accounting matrix format. This chapter purports to extend the traditional neoclassical (Walrasian) growth modeling based on one-sector depictions of the aggregate economy with a balanced growth path notion towards the steady state, and as such, we aim to contribute to the empirics of the traditional growth paradigm via questioning the long run equilibrium path way towards a balanced steady state.Item Open Access Patterns of growth in dual economies: challenges of development in the 21st century(Academic Press, 2018) Acar, S.; Voyvoda, E.; Yeldan, Alp ErinçThis chapter attempts to examine patterns of growth in dual economies within the context of challenges of development for the 21st century. To this end, we first study the broad contours of growth and adjustments in the global economy, before, during, and after the 2008–09 global crisis. Here four general patterns emerge, namely, stagnation of wage incomes; declining investment effort; consequent decline in the rates of growth of productivity; and a compensatory rise in corporate and household indebtedness. The chapter continues with a deeper investigation of the structural sources of deindustrialization and widening duality in both labor markets and technological diffusion. Finally, we link all these ideas with the macroeconomics of global climate change and implications on the feedback effects of the economy-resource use-environmental degradation nexus.Item Open Access Policy analysis: toward a green development pathway for the peripheral world(Academic Press, 2018) Acar, S.; Voyvoda, E.; Yeldan, Alp ErinçThis chapter uses the analytical model described in Chapter 4 to quantitatively investigate the set of viable macroeconomic policy instruments for combating climate change, and addresses a set of duality characteristics of the Turkish economy. The chapter initially characterizes the business-as-usual pathway over the first half of the 21st century (until 2040), and then studies a strategic policy scenario to attain multiple objectives of reduced informalization, more equitable regional social welfare, and environmental abatement. The results indicate that by pursuing a coherent macroeconomic strategy toward taxing fossil fuel use and earmarking fiscal revenues for expansion of the renewables sector strategically located within a regional development program, Turkey can mitigate gaseous emissions and expand its income and employment within a more equitable and sustained development pathway.