Art, Design, and Architecture

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Browsing Art, Design, and Architecture by Author "Acun, Volkan"

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    Combining Grounded Theory (GT) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to analyze indoor soundscape in historical spaces
    (Elsevier, 2019) Acun, Volkan; Yılmazer, Semiha
    This paper reports the findings of indoor soundscape research that was conducted in a historical museum setting. The study took place in the historic caravanserai of Cengelhan, which is currently a part of the Rahmi Koc Museum. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to capture visitors’ subjective museum experience and understand the role of the sound environment. In this sense, the research is divided into two parts: Grounded Theory (GT) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). For the qualitative part, semi-structured interviews were held as part of GT, to create a conceptual framework that reflects visitors’ perception of the indoor soundscape of the museum. Hypotheses were derived from this conceptual framework based on the patterns between the categories of the conceptual model. In the second part, this model was tested for statistical significance and path correlations through the SEM method. The core categories of the conceptual framework are similar to the previous research, mainly the categories of Context, Interpretation, and Outcomes. The SEM analysis showed that categories of Expectation and Preference were not significantly associated with the Built or Sound Environment. Findings showed that a positive interpretation of the sound environment could create a livable environment with a unique atmosphere which would increase visitors’ interaction with the museum and positively affect their experience.
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    A comparative study on prediction of the indoor soundscape in museums via machine learning
    (Institute of Noise Control Engineering(INCE), 2019-06) Yılmazer, Semiha; Yılmazer, Cengiz; Acun, Volkan
    This paper presents the preliminary findings of a soundscape research, which uses machine learning to make a prediction about human perception for indoor auditory environments. Museums of Çengelhan Rahmi Koc and Erim Tan are selected as the case study settings for data collection. The survey questionnaire basically consisted of three parts which are concerned with identifying the socio-cultural status, the personal tendencies, and evaluation of the physical and auditory environment. Before constructing of grounding the predictive model, data went through analyses to normalize and to eliminate the irrelevant items. Preliminary findings demonstrated how an indoor auditory environment would be perceived based on the individuals’ socio-cultural status, tendencies, preference and expectation from the space and physical elements of the space with together constructing a preliminary grounding model to use Machine / Deep learning algorithm.
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    A grounded theory approach to assess indoor soundscape in historic religious spaces of Anatolian culture: A case study on Hacı Bayram Mosque
    (SAGE Publications, 2018) Yılmazer, Semiha; Acun, Volkan
    This study presents a research that is concerned with the indoor soundscape in historical mosque. Hacı Bayram Mosque and its surroundings area of Hamamönü has been selected as the research site due to being the historical centre of Ankara. Although there are studies concerned with the acoustical characteristics of mosques, there is not enough research focusing on user’s expectation and interpretation of the indoor soundscape within a historical space. This study adopts the user-focused grounded theory to capture individuals’ auditory sensation and interpretation of the indoor soundscape within a historical mosque. In-depth interviews are held with congregation of the mosque and with the individuals sitting around the surrounding area. Based on their subjective responses, a theoretical framework is generated to gain an insight on the factors that affect individuals understanding and expectation from mosques. The conceptual framework generated through grounded theory shows how indoor soundscape may influence their individuals’ response to the physical environment of the mosque showing the association between the soundscape elements, spatial function and place identity.
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    A grounded theory approach to investigate the perceived soundscape of open-plan offices
    (Elsevier, 2018) Acun, Volkan; Yılmazer, Semiha
    This paper presents the findings of a user focused soundscape survey, that took place in a visual task based and a computational task based open-plan office spaces. Aim of this study was to conduct a grounded theory survey which captures individuals’ subjective response to the soundscape and creating a conceptual framework in the end. In order to achieve this goal, acoustical environment and sound sources were identified. In-situ measurements of sound levels (LAeq) and simulations, prepared by Odeon Room Acoustics Software 13.10 Combined, were used to explore the acoustical environment of the office spaces. Grounded Theory was used as the main research method to create a conceptual soundscape framework, and to reveal employees perception of the soundscape of their work environment. As part of grounded theory, semi-structured interviews were conducted with forty-nine employees from both types of offices. The results showed how the task at hand were affected by the sound environment and employees’ characteristics. Sound that were not expected or out of context and those that interfere with the concentration demanding tasks caused a negative interpretation of the soundscape. Due to this, employees’ adopted coping methods such as, accepting and habituating, intervening to the sound source, or putting on headphones to isolate themselves from the soundscape. It was discovered during the interviews that employees were concerned with silence as much as they were concerned with the noise. Employees expressed that the sound of keyboard and mouse means that they are working at that moment, there are other people around, and they are not working alone, or not working overtime.
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    Investigating the effect of indoor soundscaping towards employee’s speech privacy
    (DC/ConfOrg, 2020) Acun, Volkan; Yılmazer, Semiha
    This paper presents the emerging results of a soundscape evaluation of a two open office spaces. Aims of this research is to identify sound sources within an open office space and understand if their contributions to employees speech privacy. Thematic Analysis as part of Grounded Theory is used to examine how employees perceive the soundscape of their work environment. Semi- structured interviews are conducted with 20 employees from two companies. Responses are used to create a theoretical framework that conceptualizes employee’s response to the soundscape of their work environment. In order to analyze the acoustical characteristics of the office space, a combination of in-situ measurements and Odeon Room Acoustics Software are used.
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    A qualitative approach to investigate indoor soundscape of the built environment
    (Institute of Noise Control Engineering, 2018) Yılmazer, Semiha; Acun, Volkan
    Soundscape approach takes advantage of both quantitative and qualitative research methods. So far, there have been five main research tools to collect and analyze data. Quantitative ones are consisted of, questionnaire surveys, psychoacoustic measurements and semantic differential scales, while the qualitative ones are observation protocol and interviews. Qualitative methods are mostly used in order to describe and explore the relevant aspects of soundscape especially when there is limited knowledge. Indoor soundscape research has implemented the qualitative approach of Grounded Theory (GT) to identify and define the sound environment. GT is a less frequently used but a more user-centered method that can systematically analyze individual's subjective perception of the soundscape in the built environment. This paper presents the way of Grounded Theory (GT) applications and findings of indoor soundscape researches conducted by the authors which took place in four different indoor spaces: Museum, Historical religious space, High school environment and Open-plan office. The results indicate that core categories of the framework, such as the context of sound, are similar with others, while some categories are different, possibly due to the function of the indoor space.
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    Understanding the indoor soundscape of study areas in terms of users' satisfaction, coping methods and perceptual dimensions
    (Institute of Noise Control Engineering, 2018) Acun, Volkan; Yılmazer, Semiha
    The soundscape approach is not concerned with the sound level of an acoustic environment, but how it relates to human perception, how it is conceived by the individual and how it should be measured and managed. Even though it reached wide popularity in the last 15 years, it still lacks standardization. Perceptual dimensions of the indoor soundscape have major contributions to the experience of place. Identifying the relations between the sound and build environment can provide valuable information for the decision-makers to promote sensation, satisfaction and positive emotions. This research focuses on the sound environments of 4 open study areas within the Bilkent University Campus. These spaces have been favored by many students due to their ability to combine learning and social identity, in an informal but also an academic environment. This informality also resulted in with the lack of controlled sound environment which can be found in the silent study zone of the library. For this reason, this article examines the soundscape of the open study areas in terms of sound sources, users' reactions, coping methods and perceptual dimensions. Research settings are located at the dormitories, the Fine Arts Building, the library, and the Faculty of Science Building. In order to explore users' response to the sound environment, a questionnaire survey and in-situ measurement of sound levels (LAeq) have been conducted with 120 students. The questionnaire survey consisted of two main parts which were concerned with identifying sound source, satisfaction, loudness and exploring the perceptual dimensions of the indoor soundscape through semantic differential scales. Results showed no difference between participants' satisfaction with the soundscape regardless of the sound levels. Perceptual dimensions of the indoor soundscape are analyzed with factor analysis which extracted three factors, sensation, activity/communication, and functionality.
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    Using audio content and emotional response to predict soundscape perception through machine learning
    (Acoustical Soc Amer Amer Inst Physics, 2023-03) Yılmazer, Semiha; Acun, Volkan