Genetics and epigenetics of liver cancer
Author
Özen, Çiğdem
Yıldız, Gökhan
Dağcan, Alper Tunga
Çevik, Dilek
Örs, Ayşegül
Keleş, Umut
Topel, Hande
Öztürk, Mehmet
Date
2013Source Title
New Biotechnology
Print ISSN
1871-6784
Publisher
Elsevier
Volume
30
Issue
4
Pages
381 - 384
Language
English
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a major form of primary liver cancer in adults. Chronic infections with hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses and alcohol abuse are the major factors leading to HCC. This deadly cancer affects more than 500,000 people worldwide and it is quite resistant to conventional chemo- and radiotherapy. Genetic and epigenetic studies on HCC may help to understand better its mechanisms and provide new tools for early diagnosis and therapy. Recent literature on whole genome analysis of HCC indicated a high number of mutated genes in addition to well-known genes such as TP53, CTNNB1, AXIN1 and CDKN2A, but their frequencies are much lower. Apart from CTNNB1 mutations, most of the other mutations appear to result in loss-of-function. Thus, HCC-associated mutations cannot be easily targeted for therapy. Epigenetic aberrations that appear to occur quite frequently may serve as new targets. Global DNA hypomethylation, promoter methylation, aberrant expression of non-coding RNAs and dysregulated expression of other epigenetic regulatory genes such as EZH2 are the best-known epigenetic abnormalities. Future research in this direction may help to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC.
Keywords
Chronic infectionDNA hypomethylation
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Primary liver cancers
Promoter methylation
Regulatory genes
Therapeutic targets
Whole genome analysis
Alkylation
Diseases
Nucleic acids
Viruses
Gene expression
AXIN1 protein
Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A
Protein p53
Regulator protein
Transcription factor EZH2
Unclassified drug
Untranslated RNA
Cancer genetics
Chromosome aberration
DNA methylation
Epigenetics
Gain of function mutation
Gene expression regulation
Gene frequency
Genetic association
Genome analysis
Hepatitis B virus
Liver carcinogenesis
Liver cell carcinoma
Loss of function mutation
Nonhuman
Priority journal
Promoter region
Virus DNA cell DNA interaction
Virus genome
Carcinoma
Genetic epigenesis
Genetics
Carcinoma
Epigenesis
Epigenomics
Human
Liver neoplasms
Permalink
http://hdl.handle.net/11693/20956Published Version (Please cite this version)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2013.01.007Collections
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