Department of Architecture
Permanent URI for this collection
Browse
Browsing Department of Architecture by Type "Article"
Now showing 1 - 20 of 61
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Open Access Acoustical footprint of the traditional turkish baths in historic settings(Taylor and Francis Group, 2023-04-20) Bora Özyurt, Z.; Sü Gül, ZühreThe Turkish bath structure (hamam) is one of the key typologies in Anatolian architecture. In addition to its main “bathing” function, Turkish baths are chosen as the main venue for social organizations in the Ottoman period, with eating and dancing accompanied by live music. Thus, the construction of baths, in various sizes, was prioritized then and still holds its place in the social and cultural life of Anatolia. This study investigates the authentic acoustical characteristics of Turkish baths, over four selected baths in Bursa, Turkey; Karamustafa (15th c.), Yeni Kaplıca (16th c.), Kaynarca (17th c.), and Tahirağa (19th c.). Room impulse responses are collected through acoustical field measurements. Acoustical simulations are utilized to experiment with the materials, which reflect the historical origins, as well as used to test the effects of different humidity levels on acoustical parameters. The objective parameter analysis includes EDT, T20, T30, C80, D50, and STI assessments. Relationships between objective parameters and geometrical attributes are investigated. Lower T30 and higher STI values are obtained with historical plaster in comparison to the up-to-date conditions. Controlled analysis in decreasing the relative humidity resulted in lower T20 and T30 values, consequently higher STI values. Obtained data are discussed considering the usage of male and female baths, traditional activities as well as the nature of the sound sources.Item Open Access Acoustics for architects: A potpourri of undergraduate and graduate level teaching styles, tools and in-course projects(Acoustical Society of America, 2022-04-01) Sü Gül, Zühre; Çalışkan, MehmetAcoustics is one of the basic environmental comfort factors both in indoor and outdoor spaces. Students of architecture need to confront this theoretical field at some phase of their education. The main focus of this study is to provide a discussion platform of tools and teaching styles in architectural acoustics education of future architects, by depicting approaches that can motivate students and provide them a long-lasting understanding of the phenomena. Accordingly, a long-term experience in acoustics classes with undergraduate and graduate level students, mainly from departments of architecture of two prominent Turkish universities, is exemplified. Course contents of architectural acoustics programs are described, different models and methods of teaching are discussed, and last, selected projects, specifically those having an academic output, are presented. The study also aims to highlight some techniques and approaches that can be employed in acoustics education with limited technological tools, simply by active inclusion of the design background and creative thinking of the architecture students in this applied research area.Item Open Access Analysis of brick wall debris for reusing(Gazi Universitesi * Muhendislik Mimarlik Fakultesi,Gazi University * Faculty of Engineering & Architecture, 2021-03-21) Üçer Erduran, Deniz; Demirel, İsmail Ozan; Elias-Ozkan, S. T.Tuğla duvarlar sağlam ve uzun ömürlü olmalarına rağmen farklı sebeplerle yıkıma maruz kalırlar. Bu çalışma Ankara Çiğdem Mahallesinde 1990’larda inşa edilmiş tuğla duvar dolgulu betonarme bir kooperatif binasının yıkım sürecini sunmaktadır. Yıkım sonrası atık olarak sahada biriken yatay delikli tuğla duvar parçaları incelenmiş ve yeniden kullanıma uygun olabilecekleri gözlenmiştir. Tuğlalar, sıva ve harç numuneleri laboratuvarda basınç testine, duvar parçaları da başlangıç kayma dayanımı testine tabi tutulmuştur. Elde edilen mukavemet değerleri ve ölçülen diğer fiziksel özellikler ilgili standartlardaki değerlerden yüksek olduğu için kullanılmalarının uygun olduğu sonucuna varılmış ve uygun bir yeniden kullanım metodu sunulmuştur. Son olarak, bu metot temel alınarak yıkımda oluşan genel duvar atıklarının kurtarılması için nasıl düzenlemeler yapılabileceği tartışılmıştır.Item Open Access Assessment of acoustical indicators in multi-domed historic structures by non-exponential energy decay analysis(Springer, 2018) Gül, Zühre Sü; Çalışkan, M.; Tavukçuoğlu, A.; Xiang, N.The key concern of this study is to discuss the reliable acoustical metrics for analyzing particular sound fields within monumental multi-domed sacred spaces with an emphasis on multiple sound energy decay formation. The potential of such structures in featuring non-exponential sound energy decay characteristics necessitates new formulation of sound decay indicators in understanding of their sound fields. The early and late energy decay components within non-exponential sound energy decays can have a unique contribution to the interior acoustic quality. These acoustical features can also provide the functional and spiritual acoustical needs of monumental sacred spaces. Süleymaniye Mosque and Hagia Sophia, two major monuments of Istanbul World Heritage Site, are examined in this regard. Field measurements are the main method of data collection. Over collected room impulse responses, relevant acoustical predictors including decay rates and decay times are computed by applying Bayesian decay parameter estimation. Analysis results disclose double or triple decay formations in both structures. Authors argue that, the detection of multiple sound energy decays in analyzed structures sets out a new vision for room acoustics studies of sacred spaces and for multi-domed monuments. Thus, implementation of new metrics, namely multiple slope decay parameters to replace classical room acoustics indicators, is recommended and discussed in light of the outcomes of this study.Item Open Access Biomimetic metamaterial design simulation and evaluation for building acoustics by impedance measurements(A S T M International, 2021-09-01) Yazıcı, Beyza; Gül, Zühre SüThis study investigates the potentials of acoustic metamaterial (AMM) applications in room and building acoustics by means of impedance tube experiments. With their extreme properties in either sound absorption or transmission loss, AMMs can perform better than traditional acoustic materials in buildings. Importantly, they are also more sustainable and hygienic than fibrous and porous materials. Depending on the matrix material used, AMMs can vary in transparency and color. Considering both their acoustic and aesthetic values, this study develops different types of metamaterial for possible uses as a partition wall, a surface layer, or a design element. The proposed metamaterials are primarily based on the exploration of ratios and forms from nature—the golden ratio, web-labyrinthine structures, genetic and neural systems such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules, and the synapse structures in the brain—reproduced on a subwavelength scale. These abstractions are then combined with the 3-D space coiling and 3-D labyrinth approaches of AMM design. Modules of the proposed AMMs are manufactured in a 3-D printer and tested in an impedance tube to estimate their normal incidence sound absorption coefficients and transmission loss characteristics. Based on the results obtained, the modules with the higher performances are used in the design of partition walls of varying heights. Two real-case architecture studios are simulated with and without the proposed AMM interventions over field test–tuned acoustical models of the studios to assess the effectiveness of such an approach in a possible acoustical design problem.Item Open Access Blended learning in design education: an analysis of students' experiences within the disciplinary differences framework(A S C I L I T E, 2014) Pektaş, Ş. T.; Gürel, M. Ö.Blended learning has already become an indispensable part of education in many fields. However, the majority of existing research on blended learning has assumed homogeneity of disciplines. This study suggests that research highlighting disciplinary effects and differences is much needed to effectively develop courses and tools consonant with the characteristics of each discipline. To help close this research gap, this paper focuses on design education and analyses student experiences in a "blended design studio" that combined the Moodle learning management system, live videoconferencing, and social networking media (Facebook) with traditional face-to-face learning (design studio). Students' perceptions of the methods and tools were elicited through structured and open-ended questions and qualitative variations in responses were categorised. Subsequent quantitative analysis revealed that the characteristics of soft-applied fields require customisation in blended courses and educational system designs in several ways.Item Open Access Bourgeois wealth, architecture, and urbanization: The Azaryan family in Late Ottoman Istanbul(Istanbul Research Institute, 2023-11-08) Günhan Çalışkan, AslıhanIstanbul’s urbanization in the late nineteenth century was highly influenced by private investors and land commodification practices. This article focuses on one of these investors, the Azaryan family, and particularly Bedros and Josef Azaryan, and explores how they participated in the capitalistic urbanization of Istanbul. Through an examination of their investments in Ayazpaşa (Gümüşsuyu) and in Büyükdere, the article unveils different complexities of urban modernization, land commodification, and building construction. Focusing on the Azaryan waterside mansion (yalı) in Büyükdere and the Azaryan Palas in Ayazpaşa, this article positions the Azaryan family as influential actors capable not only of representing their wealth through architecture but also of negotiating with the state to resolve construction disputes. It therefore sheds light on themes such as patronage, finance, visual power, land tenure, and architectural labor. Working through an array of sources such as tendering documents, embassy correspondences, private notebooks, maps, and survey drawings, the article portrays the polyvocal and fragmented dynamics of capitalistic urbanization in late Ottoman Istanbul.Item Open Access Item Open Access Changing uses of the middle-class living room in Turkey: the transformation of the closed-salon phenomenon(2015) Nasır, E. B.; Öğüt, Ş. T.; Gürel, M.Structured as a think piece, this study examines the transformation of Turkish middle-class living room practices and their material settings from the 1930s to the 2010s in accommodating the changing uses of that space. First, the spatial division between the public and private aspects of domestic interiors in the culture of the early Turkish Republic is discussed, with a focus on the change from traditional uses to more Westernized and modern functions and styles; through the review of relevant literature, the development of the living room as it reflects changes in the domestic culture of the early Turkish Republic is traced. Next, the closed-salon practice, which excludes daily routines and everyday clutter and requires a high level of cleanliness and order, is discussed as the dominant prototype. Finally, the paper analyzes the transformation of this prototype to meet the evolving role of the living room in the middle-class Turkish home.Item Open Access Characterizing the indoor acoustical climate of the religious and secular rock-cut structures of Cappadocia(Taylor & Francis, 2021-12-23) Adeeb, Ali Haider; Sü-Gül, Zühre; Henry, Ayşe BelginRock-cut structures of Cappadocia, which are enlisted as natural and cultural World Heritage Sites by UNESCO, have particular acoustics due to the specific tuff stone belonging to the region. This study, for the first time, discusses the indoor sound fields of the Cappadocia over five selected spots (one church and four residential halls) from Middle Byzantine sites of Hallaç, Açıksaray and Avanos with an aim of providing evidence regarding the spatial features and culture of the people inhabited these spaces. Acoustical data is collected during in-situ field tests. Acoustic parameters (EDT, T20, T30, C80, CD50, and STI) are obtained for the spaces under study. The rock-cut church is found to be the most reverberant among all the spaces and the most suitable for liturgical practices. The other four spaces are observed as comparatively more favorable for speech-related activities. The study also compares the sound absorption performance of Cappadocian tuff stone to those present in other natural caves and rock-cut structures investigated throughout the world in few prominent studiesItem Open Access China in Denmark the transmission of Chinese art and architecture from the view of Jørn Utzon’s Danish socio-cultural background(SINTEF Academic Press, 2017) Chen-Yu, C.; Goad, P.; Myers, P.Danish architect Jørn Utzon’s lifetime obsession with Chinese art and architecture is well known. However, why Utzon was interested in China and how he perceived Chinese art and architecture were not clearly explained in the previous studies. To answer the above questions with a better understanding of Utzon and his Danish socio-cultural background, the authors examines the experiences of the young Utzon and his connection with varied ideas and artefacts associated with China. The authors argue that the path leading to Utzon’s reception of Chinese art and architecture can be traced back to the intermittent three-hundred-year connection between China and Denmark generally, and the legacy of the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts in particular. Together, these represent an amalgamation that assimilated diverse aspects of China taken by different people before and during Utzon’s early career. This further provided Utzon with the impetus to construct his own understanding of Chinese art and architecture with his pivotal study trip to China in 1958. Thus, China could serve as both Utzon’s aesthetic inspiration and confirmation for his architectural works.Item Open Access Circular-planned diagrid systems and an interrelated technique using planar elements(Birkhaeuser Science, 2018) Kinayoğlu, Gökhan; Şenyapılı, BurcuThis paper presents the development of circular-planned diagrid systems in architecture and varying approaches in patents in relation to these developments, together with a technique introduced for producing diagrid implementations using planar elements. A circular plan creates a curved surface at its periphery that leads to the diagrid system on a curved surface, resulting in unique geometric configurations. Patents based on these geometric configurations and their details, registered between 1896 and 2016, are documented. A technique is devised by the authors as a reinterpretation of the diagrid system via planar components with its own parameters and principles. This technique may be utilized by design offices or by the students of architecture for prototyping or modelling a circular-planned diagrid structure in a precise, fast and economical manner by means of conventional CNC manufacturing techniques.Item Open Access Cognitive Comparison of design methods in the conceptual phase(Sage Publications Ltd., 2023-07-12) Gürel, Adel; Şenyapılı Ozcan, BurcuThe initial phases of design, known as the conceptual design phases, are often associated with hand sketching, while parametric tools are reserved for the later, more developed stages of design. This paper examines the potentials of using parametric tools in the early design phases in comparison to widely utilized hand sketching. It is intended to find out the impacts of using parametric tools on the cognitive behaviors and the satisfaction of self-assessment levels of the designers. An experimental study was conducted with a group of graduate architecture students using Grasshopper, the findings of which are analyzed through a content-oriented coding scheme, together with protocol analyses. Significant differences are found between cognitive behaviors of the participants in using hand sketching and Grasshopper. The findings show that all of the participants consider Grasshopper as a useful conceptual design tool that may be utilized in early design phases, in contrast to its wide popularity in the late stages of design.Item Open Access Comparative evaluation of ray tracing and diffusion equation modeling in room acoustics design of subway stations(Springer, 2020-02) Gül, Zühre Sü; Odabaş, E.; Çalışkan, M.Due to their disproportionate geometries and uneven distribution of sound, the interior sound field analysis of subway stations has always been challenging. The field necessitates reliable tools for real-case design applications, while the research and discussions on the topic are still ongoing. This study compares two major room acoustics simulation approaches, namely ray tracing and diffusion equation modeling (DEM) in order to assist future acoustical designs of subway stations. Two cases of Istanbul Metropolitan metro lines are selected, namely station BAG with a circular cross section and station USK with rectangular cross section. The reverberation time and relative sound pressure level results from field tests are compared with those obtained by the ray tracing and DEM. The results emphasized the validity as well as limitations of each method over discussed metrics with given geometric layouts and material characteristics of the subway stations.Item Open Access Data and discourse: an assessment of Taksim urban design competition in terms of populism and participation(Routledge, 2023-03-08) Acar, Yiğit ; Demet, Gönülnur; Kaynar, MelekThis research presents perspectives on urban design competitions from both professionals and the general public by utilizing two sets of data: a review of professional discussions and social media commentaries on the competition. The international urban design competition for Taksim Square, held during the global pandemic lockdowns, generated a substantial record of the process, offering a rare opportunity to revisit existing literature and gain new insights into urban design competitions. The findings are evaluated through the framework of participation and populism.Item Open Access Death photography in Turkey in the late 1800s and early 1900s: defining an area of study(Routledge, 2013) Aytemiz, P.Since its invention, photography has been associated with the personal past. Although photographs seem to bring back memories and the past, by visually representing the inevitable passing of time, they also serve as melancholic objects of loss that remind us of our mortality. The critical literature has frequently associated photography with death. Yet when the image includes a dead body, the focus of discussion alters. Post-mortem photography was a popular visual tradition in nineteenth-century North America and Western Europe, photographs of the deceased being taken as expressions of grief. However, in the history of photography in Turkey, a Muslim-majority country, post-mortem photographs are rarely mentioned. This article delves into photography archives and collections in Turkey, which constitute an unmapped and obscure territory. It attempts to discover and discuss various death-related photographs in Turkey that can be compared to the Victorian post-mortem photography tradition. The article also aims to expand the parameters of the discussion on the relationship between different types of photography and mourning, remembering, longing for, and bidding farewell to the dead. Different ways of expressing grief via photography after the death of a loved one and the way death is constructed in front of the camera to express mourning and longing are among the main topics of discussion. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.Item Open Access Desert dreams and techno-utopian nightmares: The complex history of California city and the colonial gaze towards the desert(Taylor & Francis Inc., 2023-10-10) İşbilen, EzgiDespite being some of the harshest environments to design for and inhabit, deserts are considered some of the most malleable in our imagination. Countless military bases, proving grounds, gunneries, and practice fields that simulate other locales prove that in military imagination, deserts are nondescript proxy spaces waiting to be filled with the character of whatever location they are to imitate. The developers’ imagination is not far behind. Through a historical case study of California City, an ambitiously planned but only partially built desert development project, and unpacking of the terms “desert” and “wasteland,” this essay examines the colonial gaze towards the desert that often shapes our perceptions of this unique environment and exposes the fallacies in our thinking that lead us to imagine deserts as a blank slate waiting to be transformed. The paper also highlights the dangers of overconfidence in technology to create techno-utopias and the need to acknowledge the reality of the desert’s harsh environment in any planning or development.Item Open Access Detailed investigation of glass balustrade in kashirskaya shopping mall project(Turkish Chamber of Civil Engineers,Insaat Muhendisleri Odasi, 2020-05-23) Demirel, İsmail Ozan; Yakut, A.; Akyüz, U.; Yığın, H.; Dikbayır, E.Moskova Rusya’da inşa edilen Kashirskaya alışveriş merkezinde, mimari gereksinimlerle, cam korkuluklar öngörülmüştür. İmalatçı tasarımında gereken birtakım değişiklikler sonucu en çok kullanılan ve gerçek ölçülerdeki büyük panellerin yapısal güvenliğinin deneylerle doğrulanması istenmiştir. Bu amaçla cam korkulukların ve bağlantı elemanlarının 3 boyutlu sonlu elemanlar modeli oluşturularak ilgili yönetmeliklere göre taşıma gücü ve deplasman hesapları yapılıp sonuçlar ODTU Yapı Mekaniği Laboratuvarı`nda tam ölçekli cam korkuluklar üzerinde gerçekleştirilen deneylerle doğrulanmıştır.Item Open Access Diffusion equation modeling for sound energy flow analysis in multi domain structures(Acoustical Society of America, 2019) Gül, Zühre Sü; Odabaş, E.; Xiang, N.; Çalışkan, M.This study investigates reliable models and methods to be applied in sound field analysis of multi-domain structures. The case structures are two monuments, namely, Süleymaniye Mosque and Hagia Sophia in İstanbul. These are both multi-volume spaces with many smaller sub-volumes coupled to each other by coupling apertures in form of arches. A key concern of the study is to examine energy flow decays and understand the mechanism of multi-slope sound energy decays. The methodology involves diffusion equation model (DEM) application in a finite-element scheme for sound energy flow analysis. Energy flow decays, energy flow dips, and spatial flow vectors are examined for single versus multi-domain DEM solutions. It is concluded that specification of different domains with individual diffusion coefficients is a critical setting such that, if not assigned correctly, may mislead the results. The energy flow vector analysis has enabled us to comprehend the architectural features in relation to such energy flow decay dip occurrence. The computational efficiency of DEM is also discussed. The DEM application in this study has proved to be a powerful and practical method in room acoustics applications, specifically for multi-rate decay investigations.Item Open Access A domain specific software model for interior architectural education and practice(Elsevier BV, 2012) Şenyapılı, B.; Bozdağ, B. G.Interior architectural education and practice employ various general-purpose software packages. This study problematizes that as none of these packages is developed specifically for interior architectural design process and purposes, both interior architecture education and market seek ways to fulfill their specific needs. It is argued that currently interior architecture does not fully benefit from digital opportunities. A specific software package for interior architecture will enable the discipline to put forth its assets and manifest its existence. Consequently, this study proposes a domain specific model for interior architectural software. Initially, general-purpose and domain specific computer aided architectural design (CAAD) software used in interior architecture are determined. Then, selected software packages are analyzed according to Szalapaj's [1] set of features: 'drawing', 'transformation', 'view', 'rendering' and 'other'. Based on these analyses, domain specific requirements for interior architecture are obtained. Consequently, questionnaires and interviews are performed with interior architectural students and professionals in order to determine the user needs. Finally, based on the findings, a software model for interior architecture is proposed.