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Item Open Access Adolescents’ autonomous functioning and implicit theories of ability as predictors of their school achievement and week-to-week study regulation and well-being(Academic Press, 2017) Mouratidis, A.; Michou, A.; Vassiou, A.Research on students’ motivation has mainly focused on interpersonal differences rather than on the ongoing, intrapersonal dynamics that forge students’ everyday life. In this five-month longitudinal (diary) study, we recruited a sample of 179 high school students from Greece (35.8% males; Mage = 16.27; SD = 1.02) to investigate through multilevel analyses the ongoing dynamics of students’ motivation. We did so by examining the relation between autonomous functioning and aspects of study regulation (namely, study efforts and procrastination) and well-being (namely, subjective vitality and depressive feelings). After controlling for perceived competence, we found week-to-week autonomous functioning to relate positively to study efforts and subjective vitality and negatively to procrastination and depressive feelings. Interestingly, implicit theories of ability - the degree to which one believes that ability is fixed or amenable - were found to moderate the week-to-week relations of autonomous functioning to study efforts and homework procrastination. In particular, autonomous functioning co-varied positively to study efforts and negatively to homework procrastination only among students who believed that ability is malleable. Also, beliefs that ability is fixed predicted poorer grades, lower mean levels of study efforts, and higher homework procrastination. The results underscore the necessity of taking a more dynamic view when studying motivational phenomena and the importance of jointly considering the implicit theory framework and self-determination theory.Item Open Access Adult learners' retention of collocations from exposure(Sage Publications Ltd., 2010) Durrant, P.; Schmitt, N.Formulaic language is widely recognized to be of central importance to fluent and idiomatic language use. However, the mechanics of how formulaic language is acquired are not well understood. Some researchers (e.g. Nick Ellis) believe that the chunking inherent in formulaic language drives the language learning process. Others (e.g. Wray) claim that adult second language learners take an essentially non-formulaic approach to language learning, analysing their input into individual words and not retaining information about what words appear together. If the second model is right, it represents a crucial difference between child first and adult second language learning. This 'non-formulaic' model is tested here through a lab-based study of collocation learning. Our findings indicate that, contrary to the model, adult second language learners do retain information about what words appear together in their input. This suggests that any shortfall in non-natives' knowledge of collocational associations between words is due to inadequate input, rather than a non-nativelike approach to learning. The study also examines the effects of different forms of repetition on collocation acquisition and draws conclusions regarding pedagogical activities for learning.Item Open Access Analysing school-museum relations to improve partnerships for learning: A case study(Türk Eğitim Derneği, 2020) Ateş, Aysun; Lane, Jennie F.Field trips to museums can improve student learning by providing them with opportunities to see first-hand concepts they learned in the classroom. Unfortunately, perceived and real barriers may discourage partnerships between schools and museums for education. The current paper describes how case study methodology was used to examine relations between a school and museums. Through this case study, a phenomenographic research approach was used to gain insights into museum educators and teachers’ perceptions and practices related to museum education. The research was conducted in Ankara, Turkey, involving teachers from a private school and seven staff from local museums. This study utilized quantitative data to support qualitative data. Through interviews, questionnaires, and an analytical framework, the results revealed the importance of identifying roles associated with museum education and strengthening pathways for communication. Based on the results of the study, the authors provide suggestions to improve partnerships between a school and local museums. One strategy is to identify a school staff member who serves as a liaison between the school and the museums, ensuring consistent communication and sharing of ideas. Future research ideas for consideration are identifiedItem Open Access An Analysis of the Resilient Students' Profile based on PISA 2012(Eğitimde ve Psikolojide Ölçme ve Değerlendirme Derneği, 2015) Kalender, İlkerThe present study sought to define resilient students' profile in comparison with low achieving/low SES students. To this end, several school- and teacher-related variables, taken from PISA 2012 student questionnaire, that were considered to be influential on students' reading literacy were examined. A total number of 28 items from 5 dimensions were selected. They are: Student-Teacher Relations (5 items), Sense of Belonging (9 items), Attitude towards Learning at School (4 items), Attitude toward School (4 items), and Perceived Control (6 items). Using binary logistic regression, significant variables were defined explaining literacy differences between two groups of students. Then, profile of resilient students was defined. Results indicated that resilient students had more positive attitudes towards school and teachers compared with low achievers. The findings of the present may provide significant information as to increase rate of resilient students.Item Open Access Assessing prospective chemistry teachers' understanding of gases through qualitative and quantitative analyses of their concept maps(R S C Publications, 2013-04) Kibar, Z. B.; Yaman, F.; Ayas, A.The use of concept mapping as a tool to measure the meaningful learning of students is the focus of this study. The study was carried out with 24 last year students (22 years old) from the Department of Chemistry Teaching at Fatih Faculty of Education, Karadeniz Technical University (KTU). Prospective Chemistry Teachers (PCT) were asked to create concept maps using a list of given concepts related to gases. An examination of the PCTs' maps revealed that the students could not form hierarchical maps even after being shown examples of the basic elements and meaningful propositions between the concepts. After being provided with feedback about their concept maps and trained to form non-hierarchical concept maps, the students were asked to create new maps. This time they were allowed to use either hierarchical or non-hierarchical maps. When their new maps were examined, we found that most of the PCTs formed non-hierarchical maps. However, they still could not form meaningful relationships between the given concepts. We also found that the PCTs had some misconceptions about gases and kinetic molecular theory that explains gas behavior. The study ended up with some suggestions and implications for educators and researchers related to pre-service teachers' training.Item Open Access Assessing teachers’ systems thinking skills during a professional development program in Turkey(Elsevier, 2018) Ateşkan, Armağan; Lane, Jennie F.Through effective professional development in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), teachers can help students gain knowledge, skills, and dispositions to build and support sustainable communities. This paper shares how a university in Turkey developed, implemented, and evaluated an ESD professional development program (PDP) for in-service teachers. The evaluation focused on how the program enhanced participants’ awareness of thinking in systems. Thirty-nine teachers from different parts of the country participated. The PDP took place over eight months and was launched by a five-day summer workshop that included presentations, hands-on activities, and field trips. The theme of energy was used throughout the workshop to emphasize how the environment, society, and economy are connected and interdependent. Teachers’ systems thinking skills were analyzed through a pre- and post-workshop questionnaire and concept maps. Results of the questionnaire showed statistically significant differences between teachers’ systems thinking scale scores before and after the workshop. Concept map analysis, however, identified that participants need more support relating concepts such as social justice to the environment and economy.Item Open Access Autonomous and controlling reasons underlying achievement goals during task engagement: their relation to intrinsic motivation and cheating(Routledge, 2016) Oz, A. O.; Lane, J. F.; Michou, A.The aim of this study was to investigate the relation of autonomous and controlling reasons underlying an endorsed achievement goal to intrinsic motivation and cheating. The endorsement of the achievement goal was ensured by involving 212 (Mage = 19.24, SD = .97) freshman students in a spatial task and asking them to report their most important achievement goal, as well as the reasons for adopting the goal, during the task. Results from a hierarchical regression analysis revealed that independent of the achievement goal the students adopted, the autonomous reasons for the endorsed goal were positively related to the indices of intrinsic motivation. Furthermore, the autonomous reasons underlying either performance or mastery-avoidance goals were negatively related to cheating. Alternatively, the controlling reasons for the endorsed goal were positively related to pressure and tension. The importance of considering both the ‘what’ and the ‘why’ aspect of achievement motivation are discussed.Item Open Access Basic training and professional qualifications of teachers in Bulgaria and Turkey: a comparative study(Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dekanlığı, 2012) Evgenieva, E.; Arslan, ŞerifeThe professional qualification of teachers is a derivative of the career development system, the lifelong study model, the expected efficiency of the learning process and others. Motivating a teacher with regard to the need for continuous development depends on the order of the profession with respect to other professions, the remuneration, the satisfaction one gets from the accomplished work and other conditions. The purpose of this study is to discover the mode of interaction of these factors with continuous development phenomenon of every person, and to relate the accumulated experience of one's personal training at different stages with the project for career development of students with educational majors.Item Open Access Blindness and visual impairment in opera(SAGE Publications, 2018) Aydin, P.; Ritch, R.; O’Dwyer, J.Purpose: The performing arts mirror the human condition. This study sought to analyze the reasons for inclusion of visually impaired characters in opera, the cause of the blindness or near blindness, and the dramatic purpose of the blindness in the storyline. Methods: We reviewed operas from the 18th century to 2010 and included all characters with ocular problems. We classified the cause of each character’s ocular problem (organic, nonorganic, and other) in relation to the thematic setting of the opera: biblical and mythical, blind beggars or blind musicians, historical (real or fictional characters), and contemporary or futuristic. Results: Cases of blindness in 55 characters (2 as a choir) from 38 operas were detected over 3 centuries of repertoire: 11 had trauma-related visual impairment, 5 had congenital blindness, 18 had visual impairment of unknown cause, 9 had psychogenic or malingering blindness, and 12 were symbolic or miracle-related. One opera featured an ophthalmologist curing a patient. Conclusions: The research illustrates that visual impairment was frequently used as an artistic device to enhance the intent and situate an opera in its time.Item Open Access Building on the enriched hierarchical model of achievement motivation: autonomous and controlling reasons underlying mastery goals(Ubiquity Press Ltd., 2016) Michou, A.; Matos, L.; Gargurevich, R.; Gumus, B.; Herrera, D.Two motivational theories - the Achievement Goal Theory and Self-Determination Theory - have recently been combined to explain students' motivation, making it possible to study the "what" and the "why" of learners' achievement strivings. The present study built on this approach by (a) investigating whether the distinction between autonomous or volitional and controlling or pressuring reasons can be meaningfully applied to the adoption of mastery-avoidance goals, (b) investigating the concurrent and prospective relations between mastery-avoidance goals and their underlying reasons and learning strategies when mastery-approach goals and their underlying reasons were also considered, and by (c) incorporating psychological need experiences as an explanatory variable in the relation between achievement motives (i.e., the motive to succeed and motive to avoid failure) and both mastery goals and their underlying reasons. In two Turkish university students samples (N = 226, Mage = 22.36; N = 331, Mage = 19.5), autonomous and controlling reasons appeared applicable to mastery-avoidance goals and regression and path analysis further showed that mastery-avoidance goals and their underlying autonomous reasons fail to predicted learning strategies over and above the pursuit of mastery-approach goals and their underlying reasons. Finally, need experiences were established as mediators between achievement motives and both mastery goals and their underlying reasons.Item Open Access Can computerized adaptive testing work in students’ admission to higher education programs in Turkey?(EDAM, 2017-04) Kalender, I.; Berberoglu, G.Admission into university in Turkey is very competitive and features a number of practical problems regarding not only the test administration process itself, but also concerning the psychometric properties of test scores. Computerized adaptive testing (CAT) is seen as a possible alternative approach to solve these problems. In the first phase of the study, a series of CAT simulations based on real students’ responses to science items were conducted in order to determine which test termination rule produced more comparable results with scores made on the paper and pencil version of the test. An average of 17 items was used to terminate the CAT administration for a reasonable reliability level as opposed to the normal 45 items. Moreover, CAT based science scores not only produced similar correlations when using mathematics subtest scores as an external criterion, but also ranked the students similarly to the paper and pencil test version. In the second phase, a live CAT administration was implemented using an item bank composed of 242 items with a group of students who had previously taken the exam the paper and pencil version of the test. A correlation of .76 was found between the CAT and paper and pencil scores for this group. The results seem to support the CAT version of the subtests as a feasible alternative approach in Turkey’s university admission system.Item Open Access catcher: a software program to detect answer copying in multiple-choice tests based on nominal response model(SAGE Publications, 2012-08-16) Kalender, I.catcher is a software program designed to compute the v index, a common statistical index for the identification of collusions (cheating) among examinees taking an educational or psychological test. It requires (a) responses and (b) ability estimations of individuals, and (c) item parameters to make computations and outputs the results of the analyses in two text files. The program uses the nominal response model to estimate v index and is based on residuals between expected and observed values of matched answers between examinee pairs (copier and source) by considering correct and incorrect answers, conditioning on source’s answers, copier’s ability level, and item parameters.Item Open Access Challenges and barriers in implementing lifelong learning in developing countries(International Journal on New Trends in Education and Their Implications, 2015-07) Yazıcı, A.; Ayas, A.Knowledge took 1,750 years to double for the first time, counting from the start of the Christian era; and it is projected that by 2020 knowledge will double every 73 days. Humanity faces a new challenge in coping with this rapid change in knowledge and consequently, adopting himself/herself to this directly affected society. Lifelong Learning (LLL) seems to be the only tool to satisfactorily reply to this challenge. This article aims at discussing the main issues in LLL including Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL), using the approach in the European Union countries. In addition, challenges in Turkey’s recently completed European Union (EU) project “Promoting LLL in Turkey” are discussed. Based on these cases a roadmap and a set of recommendations for LLL in developing countries are given.Item Open Access Changing views on assessment for STEM project-based learning(Sense Publishers, 2013) Capraro, R. M.; Corlu, M. S.Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Project-Based Learning (PBL) integrates assessment methods across different aspects of learning experiences. While STEM PBL shifts the focus of attention from summative to formative assessment, a greater attention is given to the interpersonal domain. Because of the nature of STEM PBL, which is centered on developing real-world projects where students can apply their understandings of various concepts, authentic assessment underlies both formative and summative assessment tasks through technology, such as classroom response systems, and rubrics. Authentic assessment in STEM PBL helps students transition from an authority-imposed regulation to the self-regulation of their learning. Therefore, assessment in STEM PBL is inextricably interwoven with pedagogy through integrated assessment methods that develop the whole person, stimulate creativity, and foster individualized group responsibility.Item Open Access Clarifying the relationship between teacher movement and culture: four teacher profiles(John Catt Educational Ltd., 2014-11) Niğdelioğlu, M. R.; Ayar, M. C.; Çorlu, M. S.Item Open Access Çoklu kontrast MRG’de çoklu görüntü geriçatımı(IEEE, 2021-07-19) Özbey, Muzaffer; Çukur, TolgaÇoklu kontrastlı manyetik rezonans görüntülerinin (MRG) edinimi, tanı bilgi birikimini artırarak klinik tanıda önemli bir role sahiptir. Hastanın hareketsiz kalması gereken uzun tetkik süreleri, çoklu kontrast MRG edinimini sınırlandırmaktadır. Görüntülerin alt örneklenerek toplanması ve geriçatımı ile tarama süreleri kısaltılabilmektedir. Yaygın yöntemler, tek kontrasta ait alt örneklenmiş MR görüntülerinden aynı kontrasta ait tam örneklenmiş MR görüntüsü üretmektedir. Ancak girdi verisindeki tek kontrastlı MR görüntüsüne ait sınırlı bilgiler, geriçatım performansını sınırlandırmaktadır. Bu yüzden, çoklu kontrast MRG girdi verilerinin kullanımı ile geriçatım performansı artırılabilir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, birden fazla kontrasta ait alt örneklenmiş görüntülerden, tam örneklenmiş görüntüleri eş zamanlı olarak üreten bir çoklu kontrast MRG geriçatım yöntemi önerilmiştir. Önerilen yöntem, yüksek frekans değerlerini daha iyi tahmin ederek oldukça gerçekçi görüntüler üreten çekişmeli üretici ağlar kullanılarak uygulanmıştır. Önerilen yöntem, çoklu kontrast beyin MR görüntüleri içeren verisetinde test edilmiş, sayısal ve görsel değerlendirmeler sonucunda alternatif tekli kontrast geriçatım yöntemine göre daha üstün performans sağladığı kanıtlanmıştır.Item Open Access Computerized adaptive testing for student selection to higher education(Deomed, 2012) Kalender, İlkerThe purpose of the present study is to discuss applicability of computerized adaptive testing format as an alternative for current student selection examinations to higher education in Turkey. In the study, first problems associated with current student selection system are given. These problems exerts pressure on students that results in test anxiety, produce measurement experiences that can be criticized, and lessen credibility of student selection system. Next, computerized adaptive test are introduced and advantages they provide are presented. Then results of a study that used two research designs (simulation and live testing) were presented. Results revealed that (i) computerized adaptive format provided a reduction up to 80% in the number of items given to students compared to paper and pencil format of student selection examination, (ii) ability estimations have high reliabilities. Correlations between ability estimations obtained from simulation and traditional format were higher than 0.80. At the end of the study solutions provided by computerized adaptive testing implementation to the current problems were discussed. Also some issues for application of CAT format for student selection examinations in Turkey are given.Item Open Access A Confirmatory structural equation model of achievement estimated by dichotomous attitudes, interest, and conceptual understanding(Eurasia Publishing House, 2010) Kim, M.; Song J.Many models in science education have tried to clarify the causal relationships of affective variables on student performance, by presenting theoretical models, exploratory SEM (structural equation models), and confirmatory SEM. Based on the literature, the recent AS-TI-CU model scrutinised the most robust stimuli of conceptual understanding (CU): intrinsic attitude towards science (AS) and topic interest (TI). However, the confirmatory model has not been extended to estimate how students achieve in the secondary science or in Korea where student's disengagement in science is prevalent. Sampling 10 th- and 11 th-graders in Korea (N = 219), this study thus aims to clarify how the forth factor "school achievement (SA)" interacts in the structural equation modelling. The multiple-group SEM analysis in AMOS7 reveals that student's intrinsic AS stimulates their school achievement in both graders and that their topic interest abnormally discourages school achievement only in the 11 th-graders. The findings provide explanations for the latent threats of negative attitudes and for the "age 14's dip". Lastly, how to form a theory of persuasion of attitude change is discussed for a further research question.Item Open Access Contaminating factors in university students' evaluation of instructors(Turk Egitim Dernegi, 2011) Kalender, İlkerThe present study seeks to determine the variables explaining differences between the scores of student ratings given to instructors within the context of the university through discriminant analysis. Ratings given by students were grouped into two groups based on their means and instructors were labeled as low-rated and high-rated. Predictors identified by discriminant analysis are (i) class size, (ii) credit, (iii) grade level, (iv) mean grade, and (v) number of sections. Results of the study suggested that low rated instructors are those who teach courses with smaller number of students, lower credits, higher grade levels, higher mean grades, and one section. Identification of source of differences between ratings may provide invaluable information for those who are interested in assessment of instructional effectiveness.Item Open Access A content analysis of Turkish national high school health education curriculum using the health education curriculum analysis tool (HECAT)*(Ankara University, 2021-01-15) Serin, Volkan; Ateşkan, ArmağanHealth education helps students to promote their mental, social and physical well-being. Health educators follow a specific curriculum for health promotion in the high schools of Turkey. This study compared Turkish national high school health education curriculum (HEC) which is delivered at grade 9 with the health education curriculum analysis tool (HECAT) used in the United States. Recommendations for possible new K-12 health education curriculum and for existing and further grade 9 curricula to improve was also given. Content analysis was used as a research method. In this research, an appraisal strength table was created which was adapted from HECAT in order to compare the curricula. Only 45 objectives in the national curriculum were found compatible with 1802 expectations of HECAT (correspondence rates: 6% for all grades and 7% for grades 9-12). Furthermore, the most represented level according to Bloom’s revised taxonomy cognitive domains was understanding, whereas applying was minimum represented level in HEC. The findings also indicate that health education delivery grades and contents should be expanded immediately in Turkey same as in the U.S. due to several reasons emerged recent years on health. Moreover, this research suggests to form Turkish national health education standards (TNHES) for K-12 education and draft TNHES were shared in this study.