School of Applied Technology and Management
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Item Open Access 3. yılında Türkiye'nin internetle savaşı: Donkişot, Devekuşu,Harakiri(Türk Kütüphaneciler Derneği, 2010) Akgül, MustafaTürkiye'de İnternet yasaklarını düzenleyen 5651 numaralı kanun çıkalı 3 yılı aştı. Bu kanunun çıkış sürecinde ve bugüne kadar uygulamasında, ülkemiz bir yandan dünyaya önderlik etmeye çalıştı, bir yandan Youtube/ Google gibi devlere meydan okudu; onlara büyük vergi cezaları kesti. Ülkemiz, kendi internet algılaması ve değerlendirmesini dünyaya empoze etmeye çalışıyor. Böylece, bu konuda, uluslararası hukuku tesis etmeye çalışıyor. Bunu, uluslararası forumlarda, Birleşmiş Milletlerde önererek, savunarak, müzakere ederek yapmıyor. İnterneti, basın gibi algılayarak, basına uygulanan yasaklama alışkanlıkları ile yasaklıyor. Başbakan dahil internet yasaklarını önemli bir çoğunluk deliyor. Bu yasaklara Cumhurbaşkanı, Avrupa Birliği’nden sorumlu Devlet Bakanı, hatta Ulaştırma Bakanı ve BTK (Bilgi Teknolojileri ve İletişim Kurumu) Başkanı da karşı beyanlar veriyor. Bu arada Hukuk'un temel ilkeleri, kuvvetler ayrılığı, adil yargılama, özgürlüklerin özüne dokunulmaz ilkesi gözardı ediliyor. Bir başka deyişle, ülkenin hukukçuları ve düşünen insanların gözü önünde bir Hukuk Faciası yaşanıyor. Ve ülkemiz, matbaada olduğu gibi, interneti anlamayarak, harakiri yapıyor.Bu yazıda, Türkiye'nin internetle savaşının 3 yıllık macerasının boyutları değerlendirecektir.Item Open Access Achieving aging well through senior entrepreneurship: a three-country empirical study(Springer New York LLC, 2021-11-12) Zhu, Y.; Collins, Ayşe; Sardana, D.; Çavuşgil, S. T.Seniors strive to achieve aging well by engaging in entrepreneurial activities subsequent to ceasing their organizational employment. While this is a common practice in many societies, scant research exists on what motivates seniors to engage in entrepreneurial activities once they end their formal employment. We adopt the self-determination theory (SDT) to investigate the effects of goal contents and motives on the well-being among seniors who launch their entrepreneurship journeys. Based on in-depth interviews with senior entrepreneurs in China, India, and Turkey, we contribute to extant knowledge by linking separate paradigms. These are as follows: goal contents and intrinsic motivation-driven entrepreneurship, management of inner and outer challenges, and achievement of the eventual outcome of aging well. We also investigate the culture-specific drivers of senior entrepreneurship in a comparative framework.Item Open Access Adding a course to the curriculum? dilemmas and problems(Routledge, 2006) Collins, A. B.The "knee-jerk" implementation of curriculum without study, understanding, proper implementation, and follow-up monitor cannot assure a purposeful addition to educational programs. This research was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a new course (Co-Op Management Applications, or CMA) added to the curriculum at a higher-education level. Course effectiveness was assessed from all stakeholders' perspectives; students, sector representatives, school administration, and instructors. Data were collected through questionnaires and interview schedules and subjected to quantitative (descriptive) and qualitative (content) analysis. The findings show that a representative "needs assessment, facility analysis, and force field analysis" was not conducted during the course development and implementation. Further, the proper monitor of student assessment was not being conducted. It is apparent that a meaningful work experience was being imparted to the students. Early monitor and evaluation could have potentially assured that the students benefited and achieved the course intentions before going forward.Item Open Access Analyzing Turkish e-government websites by eye tracking(IEEE, 2013) Albayrak, Duygu; Çaģiltay, K.Usability studies provide essential information about users' views and perceptions of efficiency, effectiveness and satisfaction of given online services. Nowadays, e-government web sites become popular. Therefore, there is a need for usability testing to specify the usability problems and to make the services of the e-government more usable. The purpose of this study is to investigate usability of some Turkish e-government services. The study examined usability of five Turkish e-government web sites: Ministry of National Education - Student Information System (eokul), Ministry of Justice - National Judicial Network Project (UYAP), Turkish National Police: Vehicle Search System, Social Security Institute: Service Details and General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre. It was conducted with nine participants. This study is a case study with mixed design methodology, in which both quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed and combined. Quantitative data were collected through an eye-tracker, a pre-test questionnaire of participants' demographics and previous utilization of egovernment web sites and a post-test questionnaire. Qualitative data were collected through both semi-structured individual interviews and observation during test. The study results identify the usability problems encountered while using government services. The study concludes with specific recommendations for improvement of e-government services in Turkey. © 2013 IEEE.Item Open Access An animation system for rigid and deformable models(1993) Güdükbay, Uğur; Özgüç, B.; Tokad, Y.We describe a system for the animation of rigid and deformable models. The system uses the approaches from elasticity theory for animating the models. Two different formulations, namely the primal and the hybrid formulations, are implemented so that the user could select the suitable one for an animation depending on the rigidity of the models. Collision of the models with impenetrable obstacles and constraining model points to fixed positions in space are implemented for use in the animations.Item Open Access Are software engineers' responses to incomplete requirements related to project characteristics?(IEEE, 2009) Albayrak, Özlem; Albayrak, Duygu; Kiliç, T.Software requirements quality affects software product quality. For high-quality software products, software requirements must be complete. When faced with incomplete requirements, software engineers attempt to fill the requirements' gaps differently, either by getting feedback from the user or by making assumptions. Assumptions may be explicit or implicit. Explicit assumptions are preferable to implicit assumptions as explicit assumptions can be validated. We conduct an empirical study to determine whether the number of explicit assumptions made by software engineers is related to a project's characteristics. Using data from two CMMI Level 3 companies and 16 projects, we investigated the responses of 92 software engineers to the same incomplete software requirement. Our findings show possible relationships between projects' characteristics and the number of explicit assumptions. ©2009 IEEE.Item Open Access Are we teaching what we should? dilemmas and problems in tourism and hotel management education(Cognizant Communication Corporation, 2002) Collins, A. B.There is a growing demand for professionally educated and trained staff in the Tourism and Hotel Management (THM) sector as the whole industry attempts to meet expanded consumer wants and desires. This article examines the relevance of THM education from stakeholders' perspectives, namely, the THM sector, the current and graduate THM students. The following research questions were posed: 1) What are the sector representatives' perceptions regarding the effectiveness of tourism education? 2) What are the current and graduate students' perceptions regarding the effectiveness of tourism education? and 3) What recommendations can be made to improve the system? Both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed in the study. Results showed that there was an expanding need for university recognition of specialization due to new technologies and consumer maturation. Likewise, the need for an improved mix between the academic and practical experience and second language inadequacies were highlighted by joint concerns expressed by the sector representatives and the graduate students.Item Open Access Art museum visitor segments: evidence from Italy on omnivores and highbrow univores(Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales, 2019) Gürel, Eda; Nielsen, A.This study segments the various types of art museum visitor using two-step cluster analysis. It goes beyond a simple demographic categorization of visitors and investigates why people visit museums, in particular what experiences they seek in museums based on their preferences and participation in various leisure activities. The sample was selected from among visitors to two art museums in Genoa, Italy. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 400 visitors. The resulting 394 useable questionnaires yielded two clusters – Cultural Omnivores and Art Museum Univores – providing evidence for the omnivore/highbrow univore thesis described in the literature. The data suggest that the experiences visitors look for in museums, their preferences regarding various leisure activities, and their attendance at both highbrow and popular cultural events provide an effective means of segmenting art museum visitors. The theoretical contributions and managerial implications are discussed.Item Open Access Artifcial intelligence–based approaches to evaluate and optimize phytoremediation potential of in vitro regenerated aquatic macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum L.(2023-01-06) Aasim, M.; Ali, Seyid Amjad; Aydin, S.; Bakhsh, A.; Sogukpinar, C.; Karatas, M.; Khawar, K.M.; Aydin, M.E.Water bodies or aquatic ecosystem are susceptible to heavy metal accumulation and can adversely afect the environment and human health especially in underdeveloped nations. Phytoremediation techniques of water bodies using aquatic plants or macrophytes are well established and are recognized as eco-friendly world over. Phytoremediation of heavy metals and other pollutants in aquatic environments can be achieved by using Ceratophyllum demersum L. — a well-known foating macrophyte. In vitro regenerated plants of C. demersum (7.5 g/L) were exposed to 24, 72, and 120 h to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/L of cadmium (CdSO4·8H2O) in water. Results revealed signifcantly diferent relationship in terms of Cd in water, Cd uptake by plants, bioconcentration factor (BCF), and Cd removal (%) from water. The study showed that Cd uptake by plants and BCF values increased signifcantly with exposure time. The highest BCF value (3776.50) was recorded for plant samples exposed to 2 mg/L Cd for 72 h. Application of all Cd concentrations and various exposure duration yielded Cd removal (%) between the ranges of 93.8 and 98.7%. These results were predicted through artifcial intelligence–based models, namely, random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and multilayer perceptron (MLP). The tested models predicted the results accurately, and the attained results were further validated via three diferent performance metrics. The optimal regression coefcient (R2) for the models was recorded as 0.7970 (Cd water, mg/L), 0.9661 (Cd plants, mg/kg), 0.9797 bioconcentration factor (BCF), and 0.9996 (Cd removal, %), respectively. These achieved results suggest that in vitro regenerated C. demersum can be efcaciously used for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated aquatic environments. Likewise, the proposed modeling of phytoremediation studies can further be employed more comprehensively in future studies aimed at data prediction and optimization.Item Open Access Artificial neural network and decision tree facilitated prediction and validation of cytokinin‑auxin induced in vitro organogenesis of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)(Springer Dordrecht, 2023-04-05) Aasim, M.; Ali, Seyid Amjad; Altaf, M. T.; Ali, A.; Nadeem, M. A.; Baloch, F. S.In this study, in vitro regeneration protocol of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) was successfully established by using direct organogenesis from a mature zygotic embryo explant. The used basal medium encompassed Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 2–4 mg/L Benzylaminopurine (BAP) alone or with 0.25 mg/L Indole butyric acid (IBA) or Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Results demonstrated a significant impact of cytokinin-auxin on shoot count (1.24–3.46) and shoot length (2.80–3.47 cm). Maximum shoot count (3.46) and shoot length (3.97 cm) were achieved on the MS medium enriched with 2 mg/L BAP + 0.25 mg/L NAA and 2.0 mg/L BAP, respectively. To ascertain the impact of BAP alone, BAP + IBA, and BAP + NAA, the data were also analyzed by using a factorial regression model. Pareto chart and normal plots were used to check either the positive or negative impact of input variables on output variables. To further explore the association between BAP + IBA and BAP + NAA on shoot count and shoot length, contour and surface plots were also built. Three different artificial intelligence-based models along with four different performance metrics were utilized to validate the predicted results. Multilayer perceptron (MLP) model performed more efficiently (R2 = 0.799 for shoot count and R2 = 0.831 for shoot length) as compared to the decision tree-based algorithms of random forest (RF) – (R2 = 0.779 for shoot count and R2 = 0.786 for shoot length) and extreme gradient boost (XGBoost) – (R2 = 0.768 for shoot count and R2 = 0.781 for shoot length). As plant tissue culture protocol is a powerful tool for genetic engineering and genome editing of crops, integration of different artificial intelligence-based models can lead to improvement of sorghum with the aid of biotechnological tools.Item Embargo Artificial neural network and decision tree–based models for prediction and validation of in vitro organogenesis of two hydrophytes—Hemianthus callitrichoides and Riccia fluitans(Springer, 0202-08-02) Özcan, Esra; Atar, Hasan Hüseyin; Ali, Seyid Amjad; Aasim, MuhammadThe application of plant tissue culture protocols for aquatic plants has been widely adopted in recent years to produce cost-effective plants for aquarium industry. In vitro regeneration protocol for the two different hydrophytes Hemianthus callitrichoides (Cuba) and Riccia fluitans were optimized for appropriate basal medium, sucrose, agar, and plant growth regulator concentration. The MS No:3B and SH + MSVit basal medium yielded a maximum clump diameter of 5.53 cm for H. callitrichoides and 3.65 cm for R. fluitans. The application of 20 g/L sucrose was found appropriate for yielding larger clumps in both species. Solidification of the medium with 1 g/L agar was optimized for inducing larger clumps with rooting for both species. Provision of basal medium with any concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was found detrimental for inducing larger clumps for both species. The largest clumps of H. callitrichoides (5.51 cm) and R. fluitans (4.59 cm) were obtained on basal medium without any plant growth regulators. The attained data was also predicted and validated by employing multilayer perceptron (MLP), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithms. The performance of the models was tested with three different performance metrics, namely, coefficient of regression (R2), means square error (MSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). Results revealed that MLP and RF models performed better than the XGBoost model. The protocols developed in this study have shown promising outcomes and the findings can irrefutably assist to produce H. callitrichoides and R. fluitans on a large scale for the local aquarium industry.Item Open Access Artificial neural network modeling for deciphering the in vitro induced salt stress tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L)(Springer (India) Private Ltd., 2023-01-30) Aasim, M.; Akin, F.; Ali, Seyid Amjad; Taskin, M.B.; Colak, M.S.Salt stress is one of the most critical abiotic stresses having significant contribution in global agriculture production. Chickpea is sensitive to salt stress at various growth stages and a better knowledge of salt tolerance in chickpea would enable breeding of salt tolerant varieties. During present investigation, in vitro screening of desi chickpea by continuous exposure of seeds to NaCl-containing medium was performed. NaCl was applied in the MS medium at the rate of 6.25, 12.50, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 mM. Different germination indices and growth indices of roots and shoots were recorded. Mean germination (%) of roots and shoots ranged from 52.08 to 100%, and 41.67–100%, respectively. The mean germination time (MGT) of roots and shoots ranged from 2.40 to 4.78 d and 3.23–7.05 d. The coefficient of variation of the germination time (CVt) was recorded as 20.91–53.43% for roots, and 14.53–44.17% for shoots. The mean germination rate (MR) of roots was better than shoots. The uncertainty (U) values were tabulated as 0.43–1.59 (roots) and 0.92–2.33 (shoots). The synchronization index (Z) reflected the negative impact of elevated salinity levels on both root and shoot emergence. Application of NaCl exerted a negative impact on all growth indices compared to control and decreased gradually with elevated NaCl concentration. Results on salt tolerance index (STI) also revealed the reduced STI with elevated NaCl concentration and STI of roots was less than shoot. Elemental analysis revealed more Na and Cl accumulation with respective elevated NaCl concentrations. The In vitro growth parameters and STI values validated and predicted by multilayer perceptron (MLP) model revealed the relatively high R2 values of all growth indices and STI. Findings of this study will be helpful to broaden the understanding about the salinity tolerance level of desi chickpea seeds under in vitro conditions using various germination indices and seedling growth indices.Item Open Access Authentic leadership and organizational job embeddedness in higher education(Hacettepe Üniversitesi, 2017) Erkutlu, H.; Chafra, JamelThis study examines the relationship between authentic leadership and organizational job embeddedness and the mediating roles of psychological ownership and self-concordance on that relationship in higher education. The study sample encompasses 1193 faculty members along with their deans from randomly selected 13 universities in İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir, Kayseri, Antalya, Bursa, Samsun and Gaziantep during 2013-2014 spring semester. Faculty member’s perceptions of psychological ownership, self-concordance and organizational job embeddedness were measured using the Psychological Ownership Scale developed by Van Dyne and Pierce (2004), Perceived Locus of Causality Scale developed by Sheldon and Elliot (1999) and Organization Embeddedness Scale developed by Mitchell, Holtom, Lee, Sablynski, and Erez (2001) respectively. Avolio, Gardner, and Walumbwa’s (2007) Authentic Leadership Questionnaire was used to assess faculty dean’s authentic leadership behaviors. The results revealed a significant and positive relationship between authentic leadership and organizational job embeddedness and mediating roles of psychological ownership and self-concordance on that relationship.Item Open Access Average distance estimation in randomly deployed wireless sensor networks (WSNs): an analytical study(Inderscience Enterprises, 2019) Sevgi, CüneytA wireless sensor network (WSN) is an energy-scarce network in which the energy is primarily dissipated by the nodes during data transmission to the base station (BS). The location of the BS dramatically affects the energy dissipation, the throughput, and the lifetime. While in certain studies the optimal positioning of a BS is considered, the system parameters are optimized when the BS location is known in advance in many others. Herein, we provide a general-purpose mathematical framework to find the expected distance value between every point within any n-sided simple polygon shaped sensing field and an arbitrarily located BS. Knowing this value is imperative particularly in random deployment as it is used for energy-efficient clustering. Although similar derivations appear in the related literature, to the best of our knowledge, this study departs from them, since our derivations do not depend on the shape of the field and the orientation of BS relative to it.Item Open Access Balancing energy loads in wireless sensor networks through uniformly quantized energy levels-based clustering(IEEE, 2010) Ali, Syed Amjad; Sevgi, Cüneyt; Kocyigit, A.Clustering is considered a common and an effective method to prolong the lifetime of a wireless sensor network. This paper provides a new insight into the cluster formation process based on uniformly quantizing the residual energy of the sensor nodes. The unified simulation framework provided herein, not only aids to reveal an optimum number of clusters but also the required number of quantization levels to maximize the network's lifetime by improving energy load balancing for both homogeneous and heterogeneous sensor networks. The provided simulation results clearly show that the uniformly quantized energy level-based clustering provides improved load balancing and hence, a longer network lifetime than existing methods. © 2010 IEEE.Item Open Access Benevolent leadership and psychological well-being: the moderating effects of psychological safety and psychological contract breach(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., 2016) Erkutlu, H.; Chafra, J.Purpose: – The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between benevolent leadership (BL) and psychological well-being (PWB) as well as to test the moderating roles of psychological safety (PS) and psychological contract breach (PCB) on that relationship. Design/methodology/approach: – Data encompasses 1,009 employees from 23 five-star hotels in Turkey. The moderating roles of PS and PCB on the BL and PWB relationship were tested using the moderated hierarchical regression analysis. Findings: – The moderated hierarchical regression analysis results reveal that there was a significant positive relationship between BL and employee PWB. In addition, the positive relationship between BL and well-being was stronger when PS was higher than when it was lower. On the contrary, high-PCB weakened the positive relationship between BL and PWB. Practical implications: – This study showed that both PS and BL enhance well-being. Managers could promote PS by breaking down the barriers preventing effective communication and discussion. Moreover, the results of this study indicated that the state of the psychological contract is a significant predictor of employees’ well-being. Organizational practices and policies, especially human resource practices, should be carefully designed and implemented as to prevent PCB, an important source of employee dissatisfaction and distrust. Originality/value: – The study provides new insights into the influence that BL may have on PWB and the moderating roles of PS and contract breach in the link between BL and employee well-being. The paper also offers a practical assistance to employees in the hospitality industry and their leaders interested in building trust and enhancing well-being.Item Open Access The best way to unblock the pipeline in CS is by getting everyone to code in schools. A debate(ACM, 2016) Craig, A.; Lang, C.; Egan, M. A.; Ayfer, ReyyanMany believe that the push to increase the number of skilled computer scientists must be a multi-pronged approach and be institutionalized at all levels of education. Some federal and local governments are requiring that all students become proficient in technical areas in primary and secondary schooling. Will the call for all schools to teach every student coding be the magic bullet that unblocks the computing pipeline? Is adding another core subject to an already crowded curricula the answer? Are schools ready? It is noted that there is no universal computer science/coding curriculum for teachers to follow, some teachers don't have the skills or the enthusiasm to do this, not all students can think logically so why try to force them? In the words of Einstein "Everybody is a genius. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid".Item Open Access ‘Bringing everyone on the same journey’: Revisiting inclusion in higher education(Routledge, 2018-03-15) Collins, Ayşe; Azmat, F.; Rentschler, R.This study investigates inclusion in higher education, examining learning environments for students with physical disabilities (SWPD) and the challenges faced in promoting inclusive education, using an Australian university as a case study. Drawing from the social model of disability and interviews with 40 stakeholders, our findings suggest that despite marked progress towards inclusive education through reasonable adjustments for all, learning environments remain largely driven by adjustments for individual students, creating organisational and personal challenges. Four key challenges emerged: (1) staff perception about too many resources creating student dependencies; (2) staff training needs; (3) low representation of students with visible disabilities; and (4) moving inclusion beyond education into employment. Our findings emphasise the need to embed employability and skills development in all aspects of teaching and learning while moving towards inclusive education, to enable all students to develop professionally, and reinforcing calls for an inclusive workplace that values and accepts SWPD.Item Open Access Capitalizing the predictive potential of machine learning to detect various fire types using NASA's MODIS satellite data for the mediterranean basin(Association for Computing Machinery, 2024-01-22) Lassem, Nima Kamali; Gaafar, Obai Mohamed Hisham Abdelmohsen ; Ali, Seyid AmjadThis study investigates the realm of machine learning for the classification of different fire types using NASA's FIRMS MODIS satellite data for the Mediterranean basin. Concentrating on the Mediterranean basin and utilizing data spanning from 2019 to 2021 for model training, XGBoost and Random Forest models were subsequently validated for the 2022 data. The findings distinctly illustrate XGBoost's superior predictive precision as compared to Random Forest by showcasing an impressive overall F1 score surpassing 95% and 84% macro F1 score across various fire types. This study emphasizes the prospect of machine learning to improve worldwide wildfire monitoring and response by providing exact, real-time fire type forecasts.Item Open Access Career perceptions of undergraduate tourism students: a case study in Turkey(Elsevier Ltd, 2007-05) Akış Roney, S.; Öztin, P.The characteristics of tourism employment and careers have been widely documented. Although the development of the tourism industry can create new employment opportunities, it is often criticised for providing primarily low-skilled and low-paying jobs. If today's students are to become the effective practitioners of tomorrow, it is fundamental to understand their perceptions of tourism employment. This paper focuses on a sample of 450 Turkish students studying tourism at university level in order to analyse their perceptions towards tourism careers. The results showed that, overall, the respondents' perceptions are neither favourable nor unfavourable. The findings also indicated that: willingness to study tourism; willingness to work in tourism after graduation; and work experience; are important factors in shaping their image of tourism careers.