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Item Open Access Instruction and exposure: how do they contribute to second language acquisition?(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc., 1998) Shresta, T. B.Adults have access to two distinct approaches to develop their second language competence. These are instruction and exposure (Krashen 1982). Both approaches contribute to second language acquisition in their unique ways. This article describes how they contributed to the development of oral proficiency in English as a second language in mutually ex-clusive learning situations in Nepal. There were 58 randomly selected subjects in the study, who came from two distinct groups. The first group was composed of people who had learned English mainly through formal classroom instruction with grammar-based approaches. The second group was composed of people who had learned English mainly through informal contact with English-speaking people. English speech samples were collected through personal interviews and presentations based on visual materials. These oral responses were judged holistically by five independent judges. They were also analyzed by means of grammar and fluency-related errors. Data were analyzed using t-tests and correlation procedures. The main finding was that both instruction and exposure contributed to second language acquisition in their own unique ways. The former seemed to promote accuracy and the latter fluency. For communication purposes, however, fluency seemed to be more critical than accuracy.Item Open Access Searching the TESL‐L Logs(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc., 2002) Snyder, B.Item Open Access Aerobik egzersizlerin bazı fizyolojik özellikler ve kan yağları üzerine etkileri(2004) Uğraş, Alper; Savaş, S.Bu araştırma, Bilkent Üniversitesinde okuyan ve Amerikan futbol takımında sporcu olan erkek 25 denek (yaş: 20.36 ± 1.55) üzerinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı, özel dayanıklılık antrenman programının bazı fizyolojik özellikler ve kan yağları üzerine yapmış olduğu etkileri tespit etmektir. Sporcu öğrencilere 8 hafta boyunca haftada 4 gün toplam 32 antrenman olmak üzere özel dayanıklılık antrenman programı uygulanmıştır. Deneklerin fiziksel ve fizyolojik kapasitelerini ölçmek için yaş, boy, vücut ağırlığı, aerobik güçleri (MaxVO2), istirahat kalp atım sayıları, anerobik güçleri, kan basınçları ve kan yağları ön test – son test olarak değerlendirilip ölçümlerde elde edilen her bir fizyolojik değişken (p<0.05 ve p<0.01) anlamlılık seviyesinde istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca, düzenli olarak spor yapmayan üniversitedeki erkek öğrencilerden rastgele yöntemle oluşturulan kontrol grubu (n = 25, yaş: 21.56 ± 1.575) üzerinde de aynı testler ön ve son test olarak uygulanmıştır Sonuç olarak, Aerobik Güç (MaxVO2)** ve sistolik kan basıncı* değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak (p<0.05 ve p<0.01) anlamlı bir fark bulunurken, geriye kalan fizyolojik değişkenler ; Yaş, Boy, Vücut Ağırlığı, İstirahat Kalp Atım Sayısı, Anerobik güç, Diastolik kan basıncı ve kan yağ değerleri arasında ise istatistiksel olarak (p<0.05 ve p<0.01) seviyesinde anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır.Item Open Access Bilkent Üniversitesi Amerikan futbol takımının fiziksel ve fizyolojik özellikleri(Gazi Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi, 2005) Uğraş, Alper; Savaş, S.Bu çalışmada Bilkent Üniversitesinde okuyan ve Amerikan futbol takımında oynayan erkek 25 sporcu öğrencilerin yapılan 10 haftalık hazırlık çalışmaların sporcu öğrencilerin (yaş: 20.36 ± 1.55) fiziksel ve fizyolojik özellikleri üzerine yapmış olduğu etkileri değerlendirmiştir. Sporcu öğrencilerin fiziksel ve fizyolojik kapasitelerini ölçmek için yaş, boy, kilo, vücut yağ yüzdeleri (VYY), aerobik güçleri (MaxVO2), istirahat kalp atım sayıları, anaerobik güçleri, uzun atlamaları, dikey sıçramaları, esneklikleri, pençe kuvvetleri (sağ ve sol), bacak kuvvetleri test edilerek elde edilen değişkenler arasında mukayese yapılmıştır. Ölçümlerde elde edilen her bir fizyolojik değişken (p<0.05 ve p<0.01) anlamlılık seviyesinde istatistiksel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Vücut Yağ Oranı**, Aerobik Güç (MaxVO2)**, ve Esneklik** değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak (p<0.05 ve p<0.01) anlamlı bir fark bulunurken, geriye kalan fizyolojik değişkenler ; Yaş, Boy, Kilo, İstirahat Kalp Atım Sayısı, Dikey sıçrama, Anerobik güç , Sağ ve Sol Pençe Kuvvetleri, Bacak Kuvvetleri değerleri arasında ise istatistiksel olarak (p<0.05 ve p<0.01) seviyesinde anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır.Item Open Access Turkey: paradigm change in education(Information Age Publishing, 2006) Akşit, Necmi; Sands, Margaret; Mutua, K.; Sunal, C. S.Teaching in Turkish schools has long been delivered in a teacher-centred way. The means of assessment also has been traditional, and because the major examinations are used for entry to quality schools and ultimately to universities, they have a powerful backwash effect on the high school curriculum. National results in three subject areas indicate that the Turkish model of teaching is not yielding results comparable with 25 other OECD countries. Current change, led by the Ministry of National Education, is directed to both curriculum and the means of assessment, as well as to teaching methodology. In addition to changes in the school classroom, the Higher Education Council recently instituted wide-ranging reforms in teacher education.Item Open Access Toward an ethics of silence: Michael K(Wayne State University Press, 2007) Chesney, D. M.Item Open Access Predicting international students' academic success... may not always be enough: assessing Turkey's Foreign Study Scholarship Program(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2007) Mathews, J.In 1993, Turkey's Higher Education Council (YOK) launched a program to sponsor thousands of students for graduate study abroad, in the hopes of building up a base of highly qualified, foreign educated faculty for 24 newly established universities nationwide. With an incoming new YOK administration in 1995, dramatic changes were made in the program's selection procedures. One of the key elements of these changes was the inclusion of a high foreign language proficiency requirement, which served both to meet certain ideological goals of the new administration as well as presuming to reduce the high degree of student failure abroad. In addition to assessing the overall success of the scholarship program in light of the changes made, this study provides another look at the connection between language proficiency and academic success, with both qualitative and quantitative data collected from 23 'YOK scholars'. Although finding a positive relation between language proficiency and academic success, the study suggests that rather than having solved the scholarship program's problems by imposing high language proficiency requirements, the new YOK administration actually reduced even further the program's ability to successfully supply faculty to the new universities. Recommendations are made for the Turkish and similar foreign study programs.Item Open Access Turkey 2010: transforming education to meet challenges(Information Age Publishing, 2008) Akşit, Necmi; Mutua, K.; Sunal, C. S.This chapter discusses the state of education in Turkey and the emergence of new key ideas within the framework of one of the strategic goals of the Lisbon 2010 Strategy: improving the quality and effectiveness of education and training systems. Since October, 2005, Turkey has been a European Union (EU) candidate country. In December 2006, the EU suspended eight out of 35 policy areas because of Turkey’s restrictions regarding Cyprus. Nevertheless, Turkey remains committed to its bid to join the EU. The Lisbon indicators form key development points and emerging trends in education in Turkey.Item Open Access OPAC Kullanıcıların bilgi arama stratejilerinin analizi(Hacettepe Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dekanlığı, 2008) Olcay, N. E.; Koçberber, Seyit; Soydal, İ.; Alır, G.İşlem Kütüklerinin izlenmesi yöntemi, son yıllarda kullanıcıların bilgisayar ile olan etkileşimlerini ortaya çıkarmak ve ekran başında sergiledikleri davranışları izleyebilmek için araştırmacılar tarafından başvurulan önemli bir yöntem olmuştur. Kullanıcıların OPAC’ları (Online Public Access Catalog - Herkesçe Erişilebilir Çevrimiçi Kütüphane Katalogları) taramaları esnasında sistem üzerinde gerçekleştirdikleri tıklamalar, sorgularını ifade ediş biçimleri bilgibilimle ilgilenen araştırmacıların dikkatini çekmiştir. Konu ile ilgili araştırmalar genellikle işlem kütüklerinin analizi ile gerçekleştirilmektedir. Çünkü bu veriler, kullanıcıların bilgisayar ile olan etkileşimlerinin objektif olarak izlenmesini sağlamakta ve kullanıcıların bilgi arama davranışları konusunda fikir vermektedir. Bu durum, bilgi hizmetlerinin planlanmasında olduğu kadar arayüz ve bilgi sistemleri tasarımında da son derece önemlidir. Çalışmamızda, üniversite kütüphanesi OPAC kullanıcıları ile ilgili şu sorulara yanıt aranmıştır: Kullanıcılar OPAC’a nereden bağlanmaktadırlar? Kullanıcılar OPAC’larda tarama yaparken ne tür davranışlar sergilemektedirler? Kullanıcılar arayüz sunmuş olduğu seçeneklerden ne kadar faydalanmaktadırlar. Çalışma ayrıca, kullanıcıların arama yaptıkları esnada yönelttikleri sorgu cümlelerini nasıl ve neden değiştirdikleri sorularını da yanıtlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma verileri Bilkent Üniversitesi web OPAC’ına ait işlem kütüklerinden oluşmaktadır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesine 192.619 satırdan oluşan işlem kütüklerinin analiz edilmesi ile başlanmıştır. Analizler sonucunda OPAC kullanıcılarının yarıdan biraz fazlasının Bilkent Üniversitesi yerleşkesi dışından olduğu, kullanıcıların genelde kendilerine sunulan varsayılan (default) ayarları tercih ettikleri, fazla tıklamalardan katıldıkları, Boole işleçleri ve benzeri yardımcı sorgulama araçlarını kullanmak yerine doğal dille ve “basit tarama” ekranından sorgulama yapmayı tercih ettikleri görülmüştür. Ayrıca, kullanıcıların sorgulama ardından gelen sonuç sayfalarından ilkini incelemeyi genelde yeterli buldukları, bunu yeterli bulmayanların çoğunluğunun da en fazla beşinci sayfaya kadar gittikleri belirlenmiştir. Bu bulguların yanı sıra, veriler bir de oturumlara ayrılmış, her oturumda yöneltilen sorgular ve bunlarda yapılan değişiklikler izlenmiştir. Belirlenen 24.797 farklı oturumun çoğunda (%57) kullanıcıların sisteme birden fazla sorgu yönelterek oturumu sürdürdükleri görülmüştür. Bu durum, sorgu değişiklikleri olarak kabul edilmiş, Özellikle altı ve daha fazla sorgu cümlesinin yöneltildiği oturumlardaki değişiklikler incelenmiştir. Bu oturumlarda kullanıcılar genellikle sorgu sözcüklerini tamamen değiştirerek, aynı oturum içerisinde aradıkları konuyla ilgili farklı yaklaşımlar sergileyerek kaynaklara ulaşmaya çalışmaktadırlar. Elde edilen bu bulgulara göre, OPAC’ların daha kullanıcı dostu bir biçimde hazırlanması gerektiği ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca, kullanıcıların fazla seçenek sunan karmaşık ekranlardan kaçındıkları dikkate alınmalı ve sistem tasarımları bu yaklaşıma uygun olarak yapılmalı ya da yeniden gözden geçirilmelidir. Böylece kolay kullanılabilen sistemler elde edilebilecek, aynı zamanda da bilgi arama araçları ve bilgi kaynaklarından daha etkin bir biçimde yararlanılabilecektir.Item Open Access Overlooked and understudied? a survey of current trends in research on adult english language learners(Sage Publications, Inc., 2008) Mathews-Aydınlı, JulieThis article provides a synthesis and review of 41 recent research studies focusing on the population of adult English language learners (ELLs) studying in nonacademic contexts. It notes the unique qualities and importance of understanding the English-language needs of this population, provides a critical overview of the existing literature, and concludes that both more research and research from diverse methodological perspectives are necessary.Item Open Access Bilkent news portal: A personalizaba system with new event detection and tracking capabilities(ACM, 2008) Can, Fazlı; Koçberber, Seyit; Bağlıoğlu, Özgür; Kardaş, Süleyman; Öcalan, Hüseyin Çağdaş; Uyar, ErkanItem Open Access On determining cluster size of randomly deployed heterogeneous WSNs(IEEE, 2008) Sevgi, C.; Koçyiğit, A.Clustering is an efficient method to solve scalability problems and energy consumption challenges. For this reason it is widely exploited in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications. It is very critical to determine the number of required clusterheads and thus the overall cost of WSNs while satisfying the desired level of coverage. Our objective is to study cluster size, i.e., how much a clusterhead together with sensors can cover a region when all the devices in a WSN are deployed randomly. Therefore, it is possible to compute the required number of nodes of each type for given network parameters.Item Open Access Turkey: towards homegrown theorizing and building a disciplinary community(Routledge, 2008) Aydınlı, Ersel; Mathews, Julie; Tickner, A. B.; Waever, O.The International Relations (IR) discipline has existed in Turkey for well over half a century, yet in many ways it is still struggling to come together as a coordinated disciplinary community. Perhaps the most distinctive characteristic that emerges when trying to understand the discipline’s development and current state is the complex and uncomfortable relationship it holds with the world of IR theory and theorizing. Over the past 15 to 20 years in particular, “theorizing” and the professional identities associated with how – and whether – one does it have resulted in a divide in the local disciplinary community between “theorists” (a title claimed by most) and “others” (a title generally bestowed by “theorists” on the rest). This divide splits along academic generations, educational backgrounds, professional interests, and socio-economic classes, and is inextricably intertwined with a desperate competition for disciplinary power. Ironically, given the pivotal role that theory has come to play within the local discipline, it is in the realm of theory in particular that Turkish IR has achieved the least. In this chapter we look at this inconsistency in Turkish IR by focusing on the issue of IR theory – when and how it was introduced to the local disciplinary community, the factors surrounding its emergence as a privileged and therefore often claimed disciplinary activity, and the forms of scholarly activity that fall under the title of “theorizing.” We end by considering the prospects for change in these established patterns and the implications these might have on broader core-periphery relations within the discipline.Item Open Access Working across time zones in cross-cultural student teams(ACM, 2009) Altın, Rükiye; Bektik, Mustafa; Ekşioglu, Nuray; Koray, Can; Öner, Ömer Canbek; Sadetaş, Merve; Şener, Hilal; Şimşek, Duygu; Ma, C. C.; Price, C.; Routh, C.The ability to collaborate with fellow workers from different cultures on international projects is a key asset in today's job market . International projects add new dimensions to student teamwork. These types of projects give students the opportunity to participate in collaboration that is remote, cross-cultural, and linguistically challenging. This proposal examines an international term project completed by the computing students of Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology and Bilkent University.Item Open Access Keeping the pace in CS-1 through the use of CMS(ACM, 2009) Kültür, CanIn this poster, it is aimed to share the experience of using course management systems (CMS) in a CS-1 course. The aim was to focus on the individual needs of students while learning programming. Creating a social online environment for solving exercises and sharing solutions seemed to be effective to support instructors as well as students.Item Open Access Use of intuitive tools to enhance student learning and user experience(ACM, 2009) Altın, Rukiye; Bektik, Mustafa; Ekşioǧlu, Nuray; Koray, Can; Öner, Ömer Canbek; Sadetaş, Merve; Şener, Hilal; Şimşek, D.; Ma, C. C.; Price, C.; Routh, C. R.Most user interfaces today present system functions by use of verbal or iconic symbols on static 2D menu pages organized in a hierarchical system [1]. This is unnatural to all human beings and must be learned, thus being a barrier between the full use and understanding of computer systems. With this problem in mind we set out to build a website and collaborative application for International Childrens Center (ICC) which could be used not only across languages but across ages as well. This effort was tested on a daily basis by a multinational team consisting of students from the United States and Turkey as well as children from the respective countries. This attention to usability will not only lead to an intuitive tool for the client but also teach the students in the course how to build intuitive user interfaces.Item Open Access Scholarly transitions: finding eden in the academic periphery(University of the Free State * Department of Education, 2009) Mathews-Aydinli, JulieHow do international doctoral students in the "west" make the decision to return home when their studies are completed? Upon return, what types of re-adaptation problems do they face? Are they able to fully engage with the international academic community--or do they suffer from a form of Geertzian "exile-from-Eden" syndrome? In this study I explore these questions by looking at the cases of six Turkish scholars of Foreign Language Education and Applied Linguistics. In their own words, these scholars describe their experiences and call into question certain assumptions some western scholars may have about international students, the relative importance of geography when considering their transition and re-adaptation processes, and the appropriateness of phrases like "exile from Eden" to describe their academic socialization in their native country.Item Open Access Fine arts perspective in user interface design(ACM, 2009) Kültür, Can; Veryeri Alaca I.In this poster, we first aim to explain an interdisciplinary approach and question an idea and attempt. Second, we aim to underline challenges and enablers of such an attempt. This idea can be briefly summarized as "inclusion of learning activities and assessments that are applied in coordination with the Department of Fine Arts might be necessary in terms of developing visual design skills". The target of this approach is improving the courses like 'human computer interaction' or 'user-interface design'.Item Open Access How good is your test?(Oxford University Press, 2009) Küçük, F.; Walters, J.This article reports on a study of the validity and reliability of tests administered in an EFL university setting. The study addresses the question of how well face validity reflects more objective measures of the quality of a test, such as predictive validity and reliability. According to some researchers, face validity, defined as the surface credibility or public acceptability of a test, has no theoretical basis since it is based on the subjective perceptions of stakeholders such as teachers and students. However, due to lack of time or resources, or due to a perceived lack of competence, practitioners tend to rely on the ‘appeal’ of language tests, rather than seek empirical evidence. This article describes several ways of evaluating achievement tests, comparing their results in order to shed light on what measures can and should be taken to ensure that achievement tests accomplish their purposes.Item Open Access Advantage of using Web 2.0 applications in class(ACM, 2010) Aydinol, Ayşe Begüm; Gültekin, ÖzgürIn this study the advantage of using Web 2.0 applications in terms of increasing student attention and enthusiasm will be emphasized by presenting the example of community service activities which were supported by the blog usage. Copyright 2010 ACM.