With increasing use of Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS), Computer-aided Diagnosis (CAD) methods will be more widely utilized. In this paper, we develop a CAD method for the detection of microcalcification clusters in mammograms, which are an early sign of breast cancer. The method we propose makes use of two-dimensional (2-D) adaptive filtering and a Gaussianity test recently developed by Ojeda et al. for causal invertible time series. The first step of this test is adaptive linear prediction. It is assumed that the prediction error sequence has a Gaussian distribution as the mammogram images do not contain sharp edges. Since microcalcifications appear as isolated bright spots, the prediction error sequence contains large outliers around microcalcification locations. The second step of the algorithm is the computation of a test statistic from the prediction error values to determine whether the samples are from a Gaussian distribution. The Gaussianity test is applied over small, overlapping square regions. The regions, in which the Gaussianity test fails, are marked as suspicious regions. Experimental results obtained from a mammogram database are presented.