Mathematical programming models for multistage rural electrification planning: Off-grid, grid and mini-grid options

Abstract

Approximately 9% of the global population lacks access to electricity. The majority of this population resides in rural areas, highlighting the critical importance of rural electrification efforts. In this study, we introduce novel mathematical programming models aimed at addressing the technology choice and network design challenges in rural electrification. These models determine the optimal electrification technology among off- grid, grid and mini-grid options for each demand point while designing the cost effective grid and mini-grid networks. Furthermore, we present multistage versions of these mathematical models, demonstrating the cost advantage of multistage modeling. These formulations can serve as a comprehensive framework that incorporates investment requirements for system roll-out. Through numerical experiments utilizing both real- life and synthetic instances, we offer new insights into electrification in diverse environments. Our research is expected to contribute to the socio-economic development of developing countries and aid in achieving the targets outlined in Sustainable Development Goal 7.