Humans and many other species rely on color for object recognition. What are the biological underpinnings of color vision and how can we computationally model human color perception? In this study we briefly summarize recent advences regarding the very early, retinal stages of color vision, as well as recent behavioral models of color perception in three dimensional world within rich context. We also emphasize the recent events on the neuroimaging front that allow the researchers begin to systematically study the cortical processes related to color vision. ©2008 IEEE.