Design and development of novel large scale applications in micro/nanophotonics and nanobiotechnology

Developments in micro/nanophotonics and nanobiotechnology creates new opportunities regarding development of devices with unprecedented capabilities, which could improve human civilization substantially. On the other hand, a certain level of maturity in transforming these possibilities into reality still requires considerable efforts. One of the main problems of these novel technologies is that their practical know-how is so scarce that they could only be utilized within strictly determined laboratory conditions, and by highly sophisticated scientists. This thesis focuses on large scale applications at the intersection of microphotonics and nanobiotechnology, and also in nanophotonics. On microphotonics side, optical microresonators with toroidal shape were successfully fabricated and optically integrated. Having an extremely high sensitivity towards perturbations in their environments, these microcavities could be used as biological sensors; however, they are also very sensitive for nonspecific interactions. Thus, a novel surface chemistry enabling bioconjugation of molecular probes without compromising their sensitivity and enhancing their selectivity was developed, based on methylphosphonate containing silane modification of the microtoroid surface. After this functionalization, microtoroids were used in biodetection in complex media. Also, a macroscopic photodetection device composed on intrinsically aligned semiconducting selenium nanowires were demonstrated. This device could be considered as a novel and efficient demonstration of nanowire integration to the macroscopic world. Together with the research on biosensors, these are important large scale applications of emergent science of our age.