The relationship between world war I and the Spanish flu in the late Ottoman Empire

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dc.contributor.authorSaad, Amal
dc.contributor.authorAtajanov, Davut
dc.contributor.authorKarimov, Islomjon
dc.contributor.authorTulkibayeva, Mariya
dc.contributor.authorGhayoumi, Narges
dc.contributor.authorUmar, Ushna
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-12T14:00:09Z
dc.date.available2023-03-12T14:00:09Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.descriptionThis work is a student project of the Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.en_US
dc.descriptionThe History of Turkey course (HIST209) is a requirement for all Bilkent undergraduates. It is designed to encourage students to work in groups on projects concerning any topic of their choice that relates to the history of Turkey. It is designed as an interactive course with an emphasis on research and the objective of investigating events, chronologically short historical periods, as well as historic representations. Students from all departments prepare and present final projects for examination by a committee, with 10 projects chosen to receive awards.en_US
dc.descriptionAnkara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2023.en_US
dc.descriptionIncludes bibliographical references (pages 12-13).en_US
dc.description.abstractNearing the end of the year 1918, humanity thought it had finally overcome one of its worst catastrophes — World War I. Just as the world escaped the death and destruction of the war, however, an even bigger calamity took hold of the globe: that is, a pandemic. In the summer of 1918, Spain reported the existence of influenza — with the symptoms of the common flu, which deteriorated into pneumonia, bronchitis, etc. — which was later given the misnomer of the infamous “Spanish flu.” The tragedy of the war often overshadows the crippling effect the Spanish flu had on the world and the Ottoman Empire — a warzone, in more than one way — in particular. The fact of the matter remains that Spanish flu had a just as catastrophic effect as World War I — if not worse. This paper aims to explore the ramifications of World War I and the Spanish flu taking place in the same time period through the use of first-hand accounts of both the war and influenza. It will do so in the form of letters, pictures dating back to Ottoman times, memoirs of soldiers, newspaper articles — both from inside and outside the Ottoman Empire — and the Turkish Red Crescent archive. In addition to those primary sources, research papers and books that offer varying perspectives on the subject will also be used. This begs the question — did the war exacerbate the effects of influenza and its aftermath? Simply put, yes; this paper realizes that the fallout of World War I, joined with that of the Spanish flu, resulted in devastating repercussions for the Ottoman Empire in terms of health, the quality of life of its population, and even its economy.en_US
dc.description.abstract1918 yılı sonlarında insanlık nihayet tarihindeki en büyük felaketlerden birinin, 1. Dünya Savaşı'nın bittiğine sevinmekteydi. Ancak bu felaketin hemen ardından dünyâyı bir başka felaket sarmıştı. 1918 yazında İspanya, klasik nezle semptomlarına sahip ve kötüleşince zatürre ve bronşite çeviren bir grip salgını olduğunu raporlamıştı. Hastalık sonradan, pek isabetli bir adlandırma olmamasına rağmen, "İspanyol gribi" adıyla anılır oldu. Savaşın getirdiği sıkıntılar her ne kadar İspanyol gribinin yıkıcı etkilerinin gözden kaçırılmasına sebep olsa da bu salgının en az savaş kadar yıkıcı olduğu söylenebilir, özellikle de savaş bölgelerinden biri olan Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda. Bu makale, o döneme tarihlenen mektuplar ve resimler, olaylara tanıklık eden askerlerin hatıratları, o dönemde Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda ve haricinde yayın yapan gazeteler ve Türk Kızılayı arşivinden istifade edilerek savaş ve salgının bileşik etkilerini tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Buna ilaveten mevcut literatürdeki muhtelif teoriler de göz önünde bulundurularak savaşın grip salgınının yıkıcılığını arttırıp arttırmadığı incelenecektir. Bulgularımıza göre Birinci Dünya Savaşı ile birlikte İspanyol gribi, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun demografik ve ekonomik anlamda büyük zarar görmesine neden olmuştur.en_US
dc.description.statementofresponsibilityKaan Gazneen_US
dc.format.extent15 pagesen_US
dc.identifier.itemidSPB4229
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11693/112274
dc.language.isoEnglishen_US
dc.publisherBilkent Universityen_US
dc.relation.ispartofseriesKaan Akto, HIST 209-2 (2022-2023 Fall);2
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlikeen_US
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/en_US
dc.subjectSpanish fluen_US
dc.subjectWorld War Ien_US
dc.subjectOttoman Empireen_US
dc.subjectPandemicen_US
dc.subjectWavesen_US
dc.subjectİspanyol nezlesien_US
dc.subject1. Dünya Savaşıen_US
dc.subjectOsmanlı İmparatorluğuen_US
dc.subjectPandemien_US
dc.subjectDalgalaren_US
dc.titleThe relationship between world war I and the Spanish flu in the late Ottoman Empireen_US
dc.typeStudent Projecten_US

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